-
The American Journal of Geriatric... Mar 2024Understanding experiences and challenges faced by persons living with Early-Onset Dementia (EOD) compared to individuals diagnosed with Late-Onset Dementia (LOD) is...
BACKGROUND
Understanding experiences and challenges faced by persons living with Early-Onset Dementia (EOD) compared to individuals diagnosed with Late-Onset Dementia (LOD) is important for the development of targeted interventions.
OBJECTIVE
Describe differences in sociodemographic, neuropsychiatric behavioral symptoms, caregiver characteristics, and psychotropic use.
DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS
Cross-sectional, retrospective study including 908 UCLA Alzheimer's Dementia Care Program participants (177 with EOD and 731 with LOD).
MEASUREMENTS
Onset of dementia was determined using age at program enrollment, with EOD defined as age <65 years and LOD defined as age >80 years. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were measured once at enrollment. Behavioral symptoms were measured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) severity score and caregiver distress was measured using the NPI-Q distress score. Medications included antipsychotic, antidepressant, benzodiazepines and other hypnotics, antiepileptics, and dementia medications.
RESULTS
EOD compared to LOD participants were more likely men, college graduates, married, live alone, and have fewer comorbidities. EOD caregivers were more often spouses (56% vs 26%, p <0.01), whereas LOD caregivers were more often children (57% vs 10%, p <0.01). EOD was associated with lower odds of being above the median (worse) NPI-Q severity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.58; 95% CI 0.35-0.96) and NPI-Q distress scores (aOR, 0.53; 95% CI 0.31-0.88). Psychotropic use did not differ between groups though symptoms were greater for LOD compared to EOD.
CONCLUSION
Persons with EOD compared to LOD had sociodemographic differences, less health conditions, and fewer neuropsychiatric symptoms. Future policies could prioritize counseling for EOD patients and families, along with programs to support spousal caregivers of persons with EOD.
PubMed: 38600005
DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2024.03.009 -
NeuroImage. Clinical 2016Little is known about the pathological mechanism of early adult onset depression (EOD) and later adult onset depression (LOD). We seek to determine whether grey matter...
OBJECTIVE
Little is known about the pathological mechanism of early adult onset depression (EOD) and later adult onset depression (LOD). We seek to determine whether grey matter volume (GMV) change in EOD and LOD are different, which could also delineate EOD and LOD.
METHODS
In present study, 147 first-episode, drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), age between 18 and 45, were divided into two groups on the basis of age of MDD onset: the early adult onset group (age 18-29) and the later adult onset group (age 30-44), and a total of 130 gender-, and age-, matched healthy controls (HC) were also divided into two groups which fit for each patient group. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on all subjects. The voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach was employed to analyze the images.
RESULTS
Widespread abnormalities of GMV throughout parietal, temporal, limbic regions, occipital cortex and cerebellum were observed in MDD patients. Compare to young HC, reduced GMV in right fusiform gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, vermis III and increased GMV in right middle occipital gyrus were seen in the EOD group. In contrast, relative to old HC, decreased GMV in the right hippocampus and increased GMV in the left middle temporal gyrus were observed in the LOD group. Compared to the LOD group, the EOD group had smaller GMV in right posterior cingulate cortex. There was no significant correlation between GMV of the right posterior cingulate cortex and the score of the depression rating scale in patients group.
CONCLUSIONS
The GMV of the brain areas that were related to mood regulation was decreased in the first-episode, drug-naive adult patients with MDD. Adult patients with EOD and LOD exhibited different GMV changes relative to each age-matched comparison group, suggesting depressed adult patients with different age-onset might have different pathological mechanism.
PubMed: 27668175
DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.08.016 -
Addiction Neuroscience Dec 2022Impulsive behavior and impulsivity are heritable phenotypes that are strongly associated with risk for substance use disorders. Identifying the neurogenetic mechanisms...
Impulsive behavior and impulsivity are heritable phenotypes that are strongly associated with risk for substance use disorders. Identifying the neurogenetic mechanisms that influence impulsivity may also reveal novel biological insights into addiction vulnerability. Our past studies using the BXD and Collaborative Cross (CC) recombinant inbred mouse panels have revealed that behavioral indicators of impulsivity measured in a reversal-learning task are heritable and are genetically correlated with aspects of intravenous cocaine self-administration. Genome-wide linkage studies in the BXD panel revealed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 10, but we expect to identify additional QTL by testing in a population with more genetic diversity. To this end, we turned to Diversity Outbred (DO) mice; 392 DO mice (156 males, 236 females) were phenotyped using the same reversal learning test utilized previously. Our primary indicator of impulsive responding, a measure that isolates the relative difficulty mice have with reaching performance criteria under reversal conditions, revealed a genome-wide significant QTL on chromosome 7 (max LOD score = 8.73, genome-wide corrected p<0.05). A measure of premature responding akin to that implemented in the 5-choice serial reaction time task yielded a suggestive QTL on chromosome 17 (max LOD score = 9.14, genome-wide corrected <0.1). Candidate genes were prioritized ( based upon expression QTL data we collected in DO and CC mice and analyses using publicly available gene expression and phenotype databases. These findings may advance understanding of the genetics that drive impulsive behavior and enhance risk for substance use disorders.
PubMed: 36714272
DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100045 -
Psychology Research and Behavior... 2023Late-onset depression (LOD) with poor treatment response has high incidence and mortality in the China's aged people, this study aims to explore the correlation between...
PURPOSE
Late-onset depression (LOD) with poor treatment response has high incidence and mortality in the China's aged people, this study aims to explore the correlation between health-promoting lifestyle, meaning in life, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and LOD for providing scientific basis of LOD prevention and rehabilitation.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 496 LOD patients (study group) and healthy older adults (control group) were enrolled and investigated by using the Health-promoting lifestyle Profile-II, revised (HPLP-IIR), Meaning in Life Questionnaire-Chinese Version (MLQ-C), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). The interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the circulating blood was detected by utilizing ELISA kit.
RESULTS
The results showed that the scores of all factors in HPLP-IIR and MLQ were significantly lower and IL-6 level was higher in the study group than the control group. Scores of most factors in HPLP-IIR and MLQ negatively and IL-6 positively correlated with scores of subscales and total HAMD score. Meaning in life and IL-6 partially mediated the relationship between health-promoting lifestyles and depression severity in the study group, with the mediating effect explains 15.76% and 22.64% of the total effect, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Health-promoting lifestyles, meaning in life, and IL-6 are predictors of LOD, and an unhealthy lifestyle could induce LOD through the mediating effect of meaning in life and IL-6 in older adults.
PubMed: 38146389
DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S441277 -
Genes Feb 2020Downy mildew (DM) is a major disease of maize that causes significant yield loss in subtropical and tropical regions around the world. A variety of DM strains have been...
Downy mildew (DM) is a major disease of maize that causes significant yield loss in subtropical and tropical regions around the world. A variety of DM strains have been reported, and the resistance to them is polygenically controlled. In this study, we analyzed the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in resistance to (sorghum DM), (Java DM) (crazy top DM) using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) from a cross between B73 (susceptible) and Ki11 (resistant), and the candidate genes for , , and resistance were discovered. The linkage map was constructed with 234 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers, which was identified seven QTLs (chromosomes 2, 3, 6, and 9) for three DM strains. The major QTL, located on chromosome 2, consists of 12.95% of phenotypic variation explained (PVE) and a logarithm of odds (LOD) score of 14.12. Sixty-two candidate genes for , , and resistance were obtained between the flanked markers in the QTL regions. The relative expression level of candidate genes was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using resistant (CML228, Ki3, and Ki11) and susceptible (B73 and CML270) genotypes. For the 62 candidate genes, 15 genes were upregulated in resistant genotypes. Among these, three (, , and ) and were annotated as leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and peroxidase (POX) genes, respectively. These candidate genes in the QTL regions provide valuable information for further studies related to , , and resistance.
Topics: Ascomycota; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Plant; Databases, Genetic; Disease Resistance; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genetic Linkage; Microsatellite Repeats; Oomycetes; Peronospora; Peroxidase; Plant Diseases; Quantitative Trait Loci; Up-Regulation; Zea mays
PubMed: 32053973
DOI: 10.3390/genes11020191 -
PloS One 2018Seedlessness is one of the important traits in citrus breeding. Male sterility derived from Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) has been used in Japanese citrus breeding...
Seedlessness is one of the important traits in citrus breeding. Male sterility derived from Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) has been used in Japanese citrus breeding programs to obtain seedless cultivars. The efficiency of seedless cultivar breeding would be improved by developing a selection marker linked to seedlessness. In this study, we performed QTL mapping in 'Okitsu No. 46' × 'Okitsu No. 56' (O46-O56) crosses for the number of pollen grains per anther (NPG) and apparent pollen fertility (APF), two traits used as an index of male sterility, and detected a candidate QTL for NPG (MS-P1) on linkage group 8 with a significant LOD score (7.31) and 47% of variance explained. The QTL for APF (MS-F1) was detected on linkage group 6 with a significant LOD score (5.71) and 63.6% of variance explained. The role of both MS-P1 in reducing NPG and MS-F1 in decreasing APF were confirmed with the 'Okitsu No.46' × 'Kara' (O46-K) cross. Pedigree analysis inferred that both MS-P1 and MS-F1 in 'Okitsu No. 46' were derived from kunenbo (Citrus nobilis) through hassaku (C. hassaku) and 'Sweet Spring'. Cytoplasm analysis revealed that both male-sterile 'Sweet Spring' and 'Okitsu No. 46' have cytoplasm derived from Kishu (C. kinokuni hort. ex Tanaka), but the cytoplasm of male-sterile kunenbo and hassaku were derived from other varieties rather than Kishu. These results suggest that MS-P1 and MS-F1 primarily reduce the NPG and decrease APF, but their expression requires a cytoplasm derived from Kishu. These findings will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of male sterility in citrus and help to develop a DNA marker for seedless breeding in citrus.
Topics: Alleles; Chromosome Mapping; Citrus; Cytoplasm; Fruit; Genetic Linkage; Genetic Markers; Genotype; Haplotypes; Microsatellite Repeats; Phenotype; Plant Breeding; Quantitative Trait Loci
PubMed: 30016346
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200844 -
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical... Nov 2022Vancomycin (VAN) is an effective antibiotic due to its broad-spectrum bactericidal action. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a powerful analytical technique...
Vancomycin (VAN) is an effective antibiotic due to its broad-spectrum bactericidal action. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a powerful analytical technique is used for the in vitro/ in vivo quantification of VAN. The current study was aimed to detect the VAN from in vitro as well as the plasma after the extraction from blood of rabbits. The method was developed and validated according to International Council on Harmonization (ICH) Q2 R1 guidelines. Results showed that the peak of VAN was recorded at 2.96 and 2.57 min, respectively in vitro and serum. The coefficient of VAN turned out to be >0.9994 each for in vitro and in vivo samples. VAN was found linear in the range of 6.2-25000ng/mL. The values of accuracy and precision in terms of coefficient of variation (CV) were less than 2%, indicating the validity of the method. The values for LOD and LOQ were estimated to be 1.5 and 4.5ng/mL, correspondingly, which were lower than the values calculated from in vitro media. Furthermore, the score of the greenness found out to be 0.81, depicting good score using AGREE tool. It was concluded that the developed method was found accurate, precise, robust, rugged, linear, detectable and quantifiable at prepared analytical concentrations and could be used for in vitro and in vivo VAN determination.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Vancomycin; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Plasma; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36861229
DOI: No ID Found -
Human Genetics Sep 2015Achromatopsia (ACHM) is an early-onset retinal dystrophy characterized by photophobia, nystagmus, color blindness and severely reduced visual acuity. Currently mutations...
Achromatopsia (ACHM) is an early-onset retinal dystrophy characterized by photophobia, nystagmus, color blindness and severely reduced visual acuity. Currently mutations in five genes CNGA3, CNGB3, GNAT2, PDE6C and PDE6H have been implicated in ACHM. We performed homozygosity mapping and linkage analysis in a consanguineous Pakistani ACHM family and mapped the locus to a 15.12-Mb region on chromosome 1q23.1-q24.3 with a maximum LOD score of 3.6. A DNA sample from an affected family member underwent exome sequencing. Within the ATF6 gene, a single-base insertion variant c.355_356dupG (p.Glu119Glyfs*8) was identified, which completely segregates with the ACHM phenotype within the family. The frameshift variant was absent in public variant databases, in 130 exomes from unrelated Pakistani individuals, and in 235 ethnically matched controls. The variant is predicted to result in a truncated protein that lacks the DNA binding and transmembrane domains and therefore affects the function of ATF6 as a transcription factor that initiates the unfolded protein response during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Immunolabeling with anti-ATF6 antibodies showed localization throughout the mouse neuronal retina, including retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptor cells, inner nuclear layer, inner and outer plexiform layers, with a more prominent signal in retinal ganglion cells. In contrast to cytoplasmic expression of wild-type protein, in heterologous cells ATF6 protein with the p.Glu119Glyfs*8 variant is mainly confined to the nucleus. Our results imply that response to ER stress as mediated by the ATF6 pathway is essential for color vision in humans.
Topics: Activating Transcription Factor 6; Adolescent; Animals; Asian People; Color Vision Defects; Consanguinity; DNA Mutational Analysis; Exome; Female; Frameshift Mutation; Genotyping Techniques; Homozygote; Humans; Limit of Detection; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pakistan; Pedigree; Phenotype; Retina; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 26063662
DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1571-4 -
Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and... Jan 2021Apathy symptoms are defined as a lack of interest and motivation. Patients with late-life depression (LLD) also suffer from lack of interest and motivation and previous...
OBJECTIVE
Apathy symptoms are defined as a lack of interest and motivation. Patients with late-life depression (LLD) also suffer from lack of interest and motivation and previous studies have linked apathy to vascular white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of the brain in depressed and nondepressed patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between apathy symptoms, depressive symptoms, and WMH in LLD. We hypothesize that late-onset depression (LOD; first episode of depression after 55 years of age) is associated with WMH and apathy symptoms.
METHODS
Apathy scores were collected for 87 inpatients diagnosed with LLD. Eighty patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. Associations between depressive and apathy symptoms and WMH were analyzed using linear regression.
RESULTS
All 3 subdomains of the 10-item Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale correlated significantly with the apathy scale score (all < .05). In the total sample, apathy nor depressive symptoms were related to specific WMH. In LOD only, periventricular WMH were associated with depression severity (β = 5.21, = .04), while WMH in the left infratentorial region were associated with apathy symptoms (β coefficient = 5.89, = .03).
CONCLUSION
Apathy and depressive symptoms are highly overlapping in the current cohort of older patients with severe LLD, leading to the hypothesis that apathy symptoms are part of depressive symptoms in the symptom profile of older patients with severe LLD. Neither apathy nor depressive symptoms were related to WMH, suggesting that radiological markers of cerebrovascular disease, such as WMH, may not be useful in predicting these symptoms in severe LLD.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Apathy; Brain; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Late Onset Disorders; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroimaging; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; White Matter
PubMed: 32036772
DOI: 10.1177/0891988720901783 -
Journal of Interpersonal Violence Jun 2022In order to end and "liberate" themselves from an abusive relationship, female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) usually face a complex process. Although...
In order to end and "liberate" themselves from an abusive relationship, female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) usually face a complex process. Although women may decide to seek help through the criminal justice system, some refuse to participate in legal proceedings against their abusers. While many studies have focused on exploring variables explaining disengagement from legal proceedings, the aim of this article is to study the impact of the process of liberation from an abusive relationship on the likelihood of disengagement (LoD) from legal proceedings. Liberation was measured through the psychosocial separation overall score and the LoD was predicted by a logistic regression model developed in a previous study in Spain. A sample of 80 women involved in legal proceedings for IPV against their ex-partners in Andalusia (Spain) participated in this study. Exploratory analyses were conducted using ANOVA and Chi-square; multiple linear regression analyses were used to study the relationship between psychosocial separation and LoD. Results showed that victims who had higher psychosocial separation from their abusers were less likely to disengage from legal proceedings against the abuser. We discuss the results in terms of practical implications like detection of women's need for specific psychological support to ease a comprehensive recovery. Training programs for legal professionals and judges in the judicial arena should use the results of this study to increase professionals' understanding of IPV and survivors' decision-making processes. This would lead to a decrease in survivors' secondary victimization, as well as decrease the frustration of legal professionals when victims disengage from legal proceedings.
Topics: Crime Victims; Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners; Spain
PubMed: 33375875
DOI: 10.1177/0886260520984424