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Journal of Dietary Supplements 2022Magnesium supplementation may be beneficial for cancer patients due to its action as a modulator of cell proliferation and metabolism and its anti-inflammatory effect....
Magnesium supplementation may be beneficial for cancer patients due to its action as a modulator of cell proliferation and metabolism and its anti-inflammatory effect. Tumor metabolism can influence the bioavailability and absorption of nutrients, leading to an increase in the individual's nutritional needs. In this work, the effects of supplementing different dosages of magnesium chloride in mice with solid Ehrlich's tumors were investigated by analyzing their hematological, inflammatory and anthropometric biomarkers. Three dosages of magnesium chloride (MgCl) were administered for 28 consecutive days. Animal welfare was assessed according to the criteria stipulated by the National Center for the Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs). The inverted grid method was used to analyze muscle strength and fatigue. Difference in expression of the Tumor Necrosis Factor () and the Growth Transformation Factor () genes was determined by the 2 method. The hematological evaluation consisted of the erythrogram, white blood cell and platelet counts were used for the hematological evaluation and treatment cytotoxicity. Difference in the expression of the and genes showed that the group that received a high dose of magnesium had a decrease in and RNL, an improvement in well-being with a tendency to increase muscle strength and less tumor progression according to the days of treatment. The group that received a low dosage of magnesium had a smaller tumor volume and a more controlled tumor growth according to the days. The group that received an intermediate dosage presented cytotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Supplements; Inflammation; Magnesium Chloride; Mice; Neoplasms; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 33749469
DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1897056 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders May 2022Different from arthroscopy in other joints, more perfusion is required for a better access to perform surgical procedures in hip arthroscopic operations. The significant...
BACKGROUND
Different from arthroscopy in other joints, more perfusion is required for a better access to perform surgical procedures in hip arthroscopic operations. The significant fluid perfused may lead to complications of partial tissue injury and electrolyte imbalance. However, there were few studies on the change of serum electrolyte after hip arthroscopy and the influential factors were still unknown.
METHODS
We evaluated consecutive patients who underwent hip arthroscopy in our hospital between October 2021 and February 2022. Age, sex, and BMI matched patients who underwent arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction at the same time were also included as the control group. Preoperative and postoperative serum electrolyte of sodium (Na +), potassium (K +), chloride (Cl-), magnesium (Mg2 +), and carbon dioxide capacity (CO2CP) were analyzed. The correlations between influential factors like perfusion volume, operating time, BMI and hip circumference, and changes in serum electrolyte were also analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 79 patients were involved in this study, including 49 patients who underwent hip arthroscopy and 30 patients who underwent knee arthroscopy. For hip arthroscopy, decrease of potassium levels was observed in 40.8% of the patients, and postoperative hypokalemia was found in 10.2% patients. There were significant variations in postoperative sodium, magnesium, chloride and carbon dioxide capacity in hip arthroscopy (p < 0.05). No correlations were found between each of the electrolyte concentrations and influential factors like perfusion volume, operating time, BMI, sex and hip circumference. The significant variations were found in chloride and carbon dioxide capacity in knee arthroscopy (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Hip arthroscopy would significantly influence postoperative serum electrolyte, and hypokalemia could be a postoperative complication. The correlation between serum electrolyte and fluid perfusion volume is remained to be investigated. We therefor advocate that performing a systematic care of preoperative and postoperative serum electrolyte analysis as perioperative management is necessary.
Topics: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Arthroscopy; Carbon Dioxide; Chlorides; Electrolytes; Humans; Hypokalemia; Magnesium; Potassium; Retrospective Studies; Sodium; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35590402
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05451-1 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023The effects of salinization on freshwater ecosystems have been estimated by testing sodium chloride (NaCl) since it is the most widely used salt as a deicing agent and...
The effects of salinization on freshwater ecosystems have been estimated by testing sodium chloride (NaCl) since it is the most widely used salt as a deicing agent and Na and Cl ions are the most representative in seawater composition. However, calcium, magnesium, and/or potassium are starting to be proposed as potential surrogates for NaCl, but for which ecotoxicological effects are less explored. This study aimed to identify (i) the less toxic salt to freshwater biota to be suggested as a safer alternative deicer and (ii) to contribute to the lower tiers of salinity risk assessment frameworks by identifying a more suitable surrogate salt than NaCl. The battery of ecotoxicity assays with five key trophic level species showed that among the tested salts (MgCl, CaCl, and KCl), KCl and CaCl seemed to induce the highest and lowest toxicity, respectively, compared with NaCl. CaCl is suggested as a safer alternative for use as a deicer and KCl as a surrogate for the risk assessment of seawater intrusion in coastal regions. These results enrich the salt toxicity database aiming to identify and propose more suitable surrogate salts to predict the effects of salinization to a broader extent.
Topics: Sodium Chloride; Salts; Ecosystem; Calcium Chloride; Salinity; Fresh Water; Cations; Biota
PubMed: 36767106
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031741 -
International Journal of Biological... Apr 2022Aromatic interaction plays a crucial role in controlling protein interaction by additives. Here we investigated the interaction of protein salting-in (solubilizing)...
Aromatic interaction plays a crucial role in controlling protein interaction by additives. Here we investigated the interaction of protein salting-in (solubilizing) additives with tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), indole, and proteins based on their fluorescence spectra. Five salting-in additives, i.e., arginine (Arg), urea, guanidine (Gdn), ethylene glycol (EG), and magnesium chloride (MgCl), showed different effects on the fluorescence properties of Trp and Tyr. Arg significantly reduced fluorescence intensity of Trp and Tyr, as was the case for glycine to a lesser extent. MgCl and calcium chloride (CaCl) showed little effect on the aromatic fluorescence spectra. Gdn also showed little effect on the aromatic fluorescence spectra of Trp and Tyr even at high concentrations. EG increased the aromatic fluorescence intensity of Trp and Tyr with blue-shifted emission wavelength. Urea enhanced fluorescence of Trp and Tyr without altering emission wavelength. These results indicate that the protein solubilizing additives interact with aromatic groups differently.
Topics: Fluorescence; Guanidine; Proteins; Solutions; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan; Tyrosine
PubMed: 35090940
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.137 -
The Journal of Chemical Physics May 2023The structures of magnesium chloride dimer-water clusters, (MgCl2)2(H2O)n-/0, were investigated with size-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical...
The structures of magnesium chloride dimer-water clusters, (MgCl2)2(H2O)n-/0, were investigated with size-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations to understand the dissolution of magnesium chloride in water. The most stable structures were confirmed by comparing vertical detachment energies (VDEs) with the experimental measurements. A dramatic drop of VDE at n = 3 has been observed in the experiment, which is in accordance with the structural change of (MgCl2)2(H2O)n-. Compared to the neutral clusters, the excess electron induces two significant phenomena in (MgCl2)2(H2O)n-. First, the planar D2h geometry can be converted into a C3v structure at n = 0, making the Mg-Cl bonds easier to be broken by water molecules. More importantly, a negative charge-transfer-to-solvent process occurs after adding three water molecules (i.e., at n = 3), which leads to an obvious deviation in the evolution of the clusters. Such electron transfer behavior was noticed at n = 1 in monomer MgCl2(H2O)n-, indicating that the dimerization between two MgCl2 molecules can make the cluster more capable of binding electron. In neutral (MgCl2)2(H2O)n, this dimerization provides more sites for the added water molecules, which can stabilize the entire cluster and maintain its initial structure. Specifically, filling the coordination number to be 6 for Mg atoms can be seen as a link between structural preferences in the dissolution of the monomers, dimers, and extended bulk-state of MgCl2. This work represents an important step forward into fully understanding the solvation of MgCl2 crystals and other multivalent salt oligomers.
PubMed: 37140000
DOI: 10.1063/5.0146319 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2017Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are osteoblasts progenitors and a variety of studies suggest that they may play an important role for the health in the field of bone...
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are osteoblasts progenitors and a variety of studies suggest that they may play an important role for the health in the field of bone regeneration. Magnesium supplementation is gaining importance as adjuvant treatment to improve osteogenesis, although the mechanisms involving this process are not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of magnesium on MSC differentiation. Here we show that in rat bone marrow MSC, magnesium chloride increases MSC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner promoting osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. These effects are reduced by 2-APB administration, an inhibitor of magnesium channel TRPM7. Of note, magnesium supplementation did not increase the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, although it promoted the activation of Notch1 signaling, which was also decreased by addition of 2-APB. Electron microscopy showed higher proliferation, organization and maturation of osteoblasts in bone decellularized scaffolds after magnesium addition. In summary, our results demonstrate that magnesium chloride enhances MSC proliferation by Notch1 signaling activation and induces osteogenic differentiation, shedding light on the understanding of the role of magnesium during bone regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Boron Compounds; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Enzyme Inhibitors; Magnesium Chloride; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Microscopy, Electron; Osteogenesis; Rats; Receptors, Notch; Signal Transduction; TRPM Cation Channels
PubMed: 28798480
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08379-y -
Behavioural Brain Research Sep 2021Evidence suggest that magnesium dietary supplementation has several health benefits including lowering blood pressure, reducing insulin resistance, and improving...
Evidence suggest that magnesium dietary supplementation has several health benefits including lowering blood pressure, reducing insulin resistance, and improving symptoms of depression, anxiety, and migraine. Here, we aimed to study the effect of chronic magnesium supplementation on anxiety-like behavior in rats by supplementing with magnesium their drinking water for 30 days. Anxiety-like behavior was induced by subcutaneous injection of veratrin 30 min before performing elevated plus maze and open field tests to measure anxiety levels and locomotion, respectively. We quantify the concentration of magnesium in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. We used diazepam to compare the efficacy of magnesium supplementation as an anxiolytic agent. Our results show that rats supplemented with magnesium had a statistically significant decrease in anxiety levels with not effects on locomotion and a statistically significant increase in concentration of magnesium in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. However, the anxiolytic effect of magnesium supplementation washes-out in 12 days. We discuss the advantages of using supplemental magnesium as anxiolytic.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Magnesium; Magnesium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 34252502
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113460 -
Nutrients Jul 2018Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in a range of key biochemical pathways. Several magnesium supplements are present on the market and their degree of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in a range of key biochemical pathways. Several magnesium supplements are present on the market and their degree of bioavailability differs depending on the form of magnesium salt used. Aquamin-Mg is a natural source of magnesium, containing 72 additional trace minerals derived from the clean waters off the Irish coast. However, the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Aquamin-Mg in comparison with other supplement sources of magnesium has yet to be tested. Aquamin-Mg, magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) and magnesium oxide (MgO) were subjected to gastrointestinal digestion according to the harmonized INFOGEST in vitro digestion method and in vitro bioavailability tested using the Caco-2 cell model. Magnesium concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Magnesium recovery from both Aquamin-Mg and MgCl₂ was greater than for MgO. Magnesium from all three sources was transported across the epithelial monolayer with Aquamin-Mg displaying a comparable profile to the more bioavailable MgCl₂. Our data support that magnesium derived from a marine-derived multimineral product is bioavailable to a significantly greater degree than MgO and displays a similar profile to the more bioavailable MgCl₂ and may offer additional health benefits given its multimineral profile.
Topics: Caco-2 Cells; Cell Polarity; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Enterocytes; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Ireland; Magnesium; Magnesium Chloride; Magnesium Oxide; Minerals; Models, Biological; Nutritive Value; Osmolar Concentration; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrophotometry, Atomic
PubMed: 30018220
DOI: 10.3390/nu10070912 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2022Vortioxetine (VRT) is a relatively new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant and serotonin receptor modulator, approved for the treatment of...
Vortioxetine (VRT) is a relatively new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant and serotonin receptor modulator, approved for the treatment of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Depression has been linked with psychomotor disengagement, oxidative stress burden and decreased blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In our study we performed the experimental investigation of VRT, magnesium and of their association on the rats' endurance capacity, motor behavior and blood biological disturbances in rats subjected to forced exercise in treadmill test. The substances were administered orally for 14 consecutive days, as follows: group 1 (control): distilled water 0.3 mL/100 g body; group 2 (Mg): magnesium chloride 200 mg/kg body; group 3 (VRT): VRT 20 mg/kg body; group 4 (VRT+Mg): VRT 20 mg/kg body + magnesium chloride 200 mg/kg body. Magnesium was used as positive control substance with known effects in treadmill test. The consequences of VRT treatment on glucose, cortisol, BDNF and oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide-dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione-peroxidase, lactate dehydrogenase) were also assessed. The use of VRT resulted in an improvement in motor capacity and an increase of the rats' endurance to physical effort. The administration of VRT increased the serum BDNF levels and reduced the oxidative stress in rats subjected to physical effort. The association of magnesium potentiated the effects of VRT on physical performances, the antioxidant activity and the decreasing in serum stress markers in treadmill test in rats.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Vortioxetine; Magnesium; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Antioxidants; Magnesium Chloride; Hydrocortisone; Superoxides; Glutathione Peroxidase; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative Stress; Antidepressive Agents; Biomarkers; Glutathione; Physical Functional Performance; Glucose; Lactate Dehydrogenases; Water
PubMed: 36295524
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101363 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2022The inclusion of cephalopods in the legislation related to the use of animals for experimental purposes has been based on the precautionary principle that these animals...
The inclusion of cephalopods in the legislation related to the use of animals for experimental purposes has been based on the precautionary principle that these animals have the capacity to experience pain, suffering, distress, and lasting harm. Recent studies have expanded this view and supported it. Handling cephalopod mollusks in research is challenging and whenever more invasive procedures are required, sedation and/or anesthesia becomes necessary. Therefore, finding adequate, safe, and effective anesthetics appears mandatory. Several substances have been considered in sedating cephalopods, in some instances applying those utilized for fish. However, species-specific variability requires more detailed studies. Despite long-lasting experience being linked to classic studies on squid giant axons, evidence of action on putative anesthetic substances is scarce for and particularly for their embryos. The aim of the current study was to evaluate effects elicited by immersion of squid embryos in anesthetic solutions and examine whether these forms display a similar reaction to anesthetics as adults do. Different concentrations of ethanol (EtOH; 2, 2.5, and 3%) and magnesium chloride (MgCl; 1, 1.5, and 1.8%) were tested by adopting a set of indicators aimed at exploring the physiological responses of squid embryos. Forty-two embryos of the common squid (stages 27-28) were assigned to three conditions (EtOH, MgCl and controls) and video recorded for 15 min (5 min before, 5 min during, and 5 min after immersion in the anesthetic solutions). In each group, the heart rate, respiratory rate, buoyancy, chromatophore activity, and tentacles/arms responses were assessed to evaluate the embryos' vitality and responsiveness to stimulation. Both substances provoked a decrease in heart and respiratory rates and inhibited buoyancy, chromatophores, and tentacles/arms responses; no adverse effects were observed. EtOH had a faster onset of action and faster recovery than MgCl, being potentially more adequate as an anesthetic for shorter procedures. Even though MgCl caused a longer muscle relaxation, the reversibility was not confirmed for the 1.8% concentration; however, lower concentrations triggered similar results as the ones obtained with the highest EtOH concentrations. We have shown that the late developmental stages of embryos could represent a good model to evaluate anesthetics for cephalopods since they can display similar reactions to anesthetics as adults animals do.
PubMed: 36388114
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.968047