-
Journal of Hazardous Materials Feb 2020High CO emissions during the production process of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) promoted greener-cement development, wherein the application of magnesium oxychloride...
High CO emissions during the production process of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) promoted greener-cement development, wherein the application of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) can add value to waste in potash industry and reduce environmental hazards. However, its application was restricted by its inferior water resistance. It's a challenge to remarkably increase both the compressive strength and water resistance of MOC. Herein, we demonstrate that cornstarch/sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) MOC composites exhibit increased compressive strength and water resistance. Moreover, the biomineralization process encourages the growth and alignment of phase 5 crystals by a cornstarch template with hydroxyl groups, thus enhancing the compressive strength of MOC. The chelation of magnesium ions and the transformation of phase 5 crystal structure by PAAS can significantly enhance the water resistance of MOC. This composite exhibits a 21.0% increase in compressive strength, and the softening coefficient is also increased from 0.48 to 0.81 in comparison with unmodified-MOC. Meanwhile, the hydrogen bonds between cornstarch and elemental Cl obviously decrease the efflorescence phenomena of the MOC. This MOC composite with a markedly increased compressive strength and water resistance, which was prepared by a facile and green method, may have potential applications in building development and the replacement of OPC.
Topics: Compressive Strength; Construction Materials; Magnesium Chloride; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Water
PubMed: 31518808
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121099 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Apr 2024: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence induced by magnesium chloride (MgCl) and zinc gluconate (ZnG) supplementation on liver and kidney injuries...
: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence induced by magnesium chloride (MgCl) and zinc gluconate (ZnG) supplementation on liver and kidney injuries experimentally induced with acetaminophen (AAPh) and potentiated by a ciprofloxacin addition in rats. : The experiment was performed on five animal groups: group 1-control, treated for 6 weeks with normal saline, 1 mL/kg; group 2-AAPh, treated for 6 weeks with AAPh, 100 mg/kg/day; group 3-AAPh + C, treated for 6 weeks with AAPh 100 mg/kg/day and ciprofloxacin 50 mg/kg/day, only in the last 14 days of the experiment; group 4-AAPh + C + Mg, with the same treatment as group 3, but in the last 14 days, MgCl 10 mg/ kg/day was added; and group 5-AAPh + C + Zn, with the same treatment as group 3, but in the last 14 days, zinc gluconate (ZnG), 10 mg/kg/day was added. All administrations were performed by oral gavage. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemistry examinations. : Treatment with AAPh for 6 weeks determined an alteration of the liver function (increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactic dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase) and of renal function (increases in serum urea and creatinine) ( < 0.001 group 2 vs. group 1 for all mentioned parameters). Furthermore, the antioxidant defense capacity was impaired in group 2 vs. group 1 (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity decreased in group 2 vs. group 1, at 0.001 < < 0.01 and 0.01 < < 0.05, respectively). The addition of ciprofloxacin, 50 mg/kg/day during the last 14 days, resulted in further increases in alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine (0.01 < < 0.05, group 3 vs. group 2). MgCl provided a slight protection against the increase in liver enzymes, and a more pronounced protection against the increase in serum urea and creatinine (0.001 < < 0.01 group 4 vs. group 3). MgCl provided a slight protection against the decrease in superoxide dismutase (0.01 < < 0.05 group 4 vs. group 3), but not against decrease of glutathione peroxidase. The improvement of mentioned parameters could also be seen in the case of ZnG, to a higher extent, especially in the case of alanine aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase (0.01 < < 0.05 group 5 vs. group 4). : This study presents further proof for the beneficial effect of magnesium and zinc salts against toxicity induced by different agents, including antibacterials added to the analgesic and antipyretic acetaminophen; the protection is proven on the liver and kidney's function, and the antioxidant profile improvement has a key role, especially in the case of zinc gluconate.
Topics: Animals; Ciprofloxacin; Rats; Acetaminophen; Gluconates; Male; Rats, Wistar; Zinc; Kidney; Magnesium; Liver; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Magnesium Chloride; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Drug Synergism
PubMed: 38674257
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040611 -
Kidney International Feb 2024Acute electrolyte and acid-base imbalance is experienced by many children following kidney transplant. This is partly because doctors give very large volumes of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Acute electrolyte and acid-base imbalance is experienced by many children following kidney transplant. This is partly because doctors give very large volumes of artificial fluids to keep the new kidney working. When severe, fluid imbalance can lead to seizures, cerebral edema and death. In this pragmatic, open-label, randomized controlled trial, we randomly assigned (1:1) pediatric kidney transplant recipients to Plasma-Lyte-148 or standard of care perioperative intravenous fluids (predominantly 0.45% sodium chloride and 0.9% sodium chloride solutions). We then compared clinically significant electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities in the first 72 hours post-transplant. The primary outcome, acute hyponatremia, was experienced by 53% of 68 participants in the Plasma-Lyte-148 group and 58% of 69 participants in the standard fluids group (odds ratio 0·77 (0·34 - 1·75)). Five of 16 secondary outcomes differed with Plasma-Lyte-148: hypernatremia was significantly more frequent (odds ratio 3·5 (1·1 - 10·8)), significantly fewer changes to fluid prescriptions were made (rate ratio 0·52 (0·40-0·67)), and significantly fewer participants experienced hyperchloremia (odds ratio 0·17 (0·07 - 0·40)), acidosis (odds ratio 0·09 (0·04 - 0·22)) and hypomagnesemia (odds ratio 0·21 (0·08 - 0·50)). No other secondary outcomes differed between groups. Serious adverse events were reported in 9% of participants randomized to Plasma-Lyte-148 and 7% of participants randomized to standard fluids. Thus, perioperative Plasma-Lyte-148 did not change the proportion of children who experienced acute hyponatremia compared to standard fluids. However fewer fluid prescription changes were made with Plasma-Lyte-148, while hyperchloremia and acidosis were less common.
Topics: Humans; Child; Sodium Chloride; Hyponatremia; Kidney Transplantation; Electrolytes; Acidosis; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance; Fluid Therapy; Isotonic Solutions; Gluconates; Potassium Chloride; Magnesium Chloride; Sodium Acetate
PubMed: 37914088
DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.09.032 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2021Previous studies reported on the broad-spectrum antiviral function of heparin. Here we investigated the antiviral function of magnesium-modified heparin and found that...
Previous studies reported on the broad-spectrum antiviral function of heparin. Here we investigated the antiviral function of magnesium-modified heparin and found that modified heparin displayed a significantly enhanced antiviral function against human adenovirus (HAdV) in immortalized and primary cells. Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed a conformational change of heparin when complexed with magnesium. To broadly explore this discovery, we tested the antiviral function of modified heparin against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and found that the replication of HSV-1 was even further decreased compared to aciclovir. Moreover, we investigated the antiviral effect against the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and measured a 55-fold decreased viral load in the supernatant of infected cells associated with a 38-fold decrease in virus growth. The advantage of our modified heparin is an increased antiviral effect compared to regular heparin.
Topics: Acyclovir; Adenoviruses, Human; Animals; Antiviral Agents; CHO Cells; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cricetulus; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Fibroblasts; Heparin; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Magnesium Chloride; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Primary Cell Culture; SARS-CoV-2; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vero Cells; Viral Load; Virus Replication
PubMed: 34576237
DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810075 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022In order to make full use of magnesium chloride resources, the development and utilisation of magnesium oxychloride cement have become an ecological and economic goal....
In order to make full use of magnesium chloride resources, the development and utilisation of magnesium oxychloride cement have become an ecological and economic goal. Thus far, however, investigations into the effects on these cements of high temperatures are lacking. Herein, magnesium oxychloride cement was calcinated at various temperatures and the effects of calcination temperature on microstructure, phase composition, flexural strength, and compressive strength were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and compression testing. The mechanical properties varied strongly with calcination temperature. Before calcination, magnesium oxychloride cement has a needle-like micromorphology and includes Mg(OH) gel and a trace amount of gel water as well as 5 Mg(OH)·MgCl·8HO, which together provide its mechanical properties (flexural strength, 18.4 MPa; compressive strength, and 113.3 MPa). After calcination at 100 °C, the gel water is volatilised and the flexural strength is decreased by 57.07% but there is no significant change in the compressive strength. Calcination at 400 °C results in the magnesium oxychloride cement becoming fibrous and mainly consisting of Mg(OH) gel, which helps to maintain its high compressive strength (65.7 MPa). When the calcination temperature is 450 °C, the microstructure becomes powdery, the cement is mainly composed of MgO, and the flexural and compressive strengths are completely lost.
PubMed: 35057323
DOI: 10.3390/ma15020607 -
NPJ Clean Water 2022There is evidence that increasing the consumption of water containing magnesium can improve glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes...
Beneficial effects of adding magnesium to desalinated drinking water on metabolic and insulin resistance parameters among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
There is evidence that increasing the consumption of water containing magnesium can improve glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This trial was undertaken with the objective of evaluating the effect of adding different concentrations of magnesium chloride to the desalinated drinking water on the glycemic, metabolic, and insulin resistance parameters among patients with T2DM. A randomized cross-sectional controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding magnesium chloride supplement to desalinated drinking water consumed by patients with T2DM on the glycemic and metabolic parameters and indicators of insulin sensitivity. The total number of patients with T2DM who successfully completed the trial is 102. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups: the first group received bottled water without added magnesium (0 mg/L) (Group A, = 37); the second group received bottled water with a low level of magnesium (20 mg/L) (Group B, = 33); and the third group received drinking water with a high level of magnesium (50 mg/L) (Group C, = 32). The daily consumption of elemental magnesium for a period of 3 months resulted in significant improvement in HbA1C (8.0 vs 8.2%, = 0.04), insulin level (7.5 vs 9.9 μIU/mL, = 0.03), and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA.IR) (2.5 vs 2.9, = 0.002) in group C. However, there was no significant improvement in fasting blood glucose (FBS) level or lipid profile. The results of this study suggest that oral magnesium supplementation at the given dose of 50 mg/L daily added to drinking water could improve long-term glycemic control indicators and reduce insulin resistance in patients with T2DM.
PubMed: 36408199
DOI: 10.1038/s41545-022-00207-9 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022It was investigated whether physicochemical properties and consumer perception of dry-fermented sausages were affected by the partial replacement of fat and salt by...
It was investigated whether physicochemical properties and consumer perception of dry-fermented sausages were affected by the partial replacement of fat and salt by other compounds. A control batch and nine experimental batches, following 3 × 3 factorial design, were manufactured. The NaCl was replaced with of calcium lactate, magnesium chloride, or a blend 85% NaCl (sodium chloride) and 15% KCl (potassium chloride). The fat was partially substituted by olive oil, potato puree, or commercial gelatin. The pH, dry matter, fat content, free fatty acid content, peroxide index, microbial analysis, and tasting, were measured. Both fat type and slat type were affected to measured variables. In terms of moisture, gelatin would be the most recommendable substitute for fat, whereas KCL would be the better substitute for salt. The three oil batches and the potato-magnesium batches presented lower fat content than the control batch. Both the free fatty acid content and the peroxide values increased over the ripening time. At the end of the ripening, the three oil batches presented the highest values for free fatty acids, but there were no differences among the batches of peroxide index. Regarding bacterial counts, the potato-KCL batch was the most like the control batch. In visual appraisal, none of the scores of the measured variables were affected by the batch. Nevertheless, the batch of oil-magnesium would be purchased less than expected. The tasting quality was affected only by the salt type, but all of the batches were different from the control. Neither the gender (p > 0.05) nor the age (p > 0.05) of the respondents affected the taste scores, visual appraisal, or purchase intent. Results shows that the partial substitution of fat and salt in dry-fermented sausages is possible, even in greater percentages than those stated in the literature, without a detriment of sensory properties. Nevertheless, further experiments would be necessary to adjust the formulation, as well as to explore other possibilities.
PubMed: 36140960
DOI: 10.3390/foods11182833 -
Chemosphere Oct 2020The recycling of nutrients from wastewater and their recovery in the form of valuable products is an effective strategy to accelerate the circular economy concept....
Crystallization kinetics and growth of struvite crystals by seawater versus magnesium chloride as magnesium source: towards enhancing sustainability and economics of struvite crystallization.
The recycling of nutrients from wastewater and their recovery in the form of valuable products is an effective strategy to accelerate the circular economy concept. Phosphorus recovery from wastewater by struvite crystallization (MgNHPO·6HO) is one of the most applied techniques to compensate for the increasing demand and to slow down the depletion rate of phosphate rocks. Using low-cost magnesium sources, such as seawater, improves the financial sustainability of struvite production. In this study, the potential of seawater for struvite crystallization versus the commonly used magnesium source, MgCl, was tested by crystal growth and kinetic experiments. The impact of ammonium concentration, magnesium concentration and pH on the growth kinetics of struvite in synthetic and real reject water were studied. The results showed that simultaneous precipitation of calcium phosphate was insignificant when using seawater, while presence of struvite seeds diminished it further. Among the supersaturation regulators, pH had the most significant effect on the struvite growth with both MgCl and seawater, while high N:P molar ratios further improved the struvite crystal growth by seawater. The N:P molar ratios higher than 6 and Mg:P molar ratios higher than 0.2 are recommended to improve the crystal growth kinetics. It was concluded that seawater is a promising alternative magnesium source and the control of supersaturation regulators (i.e., Mg:P, N:P and pH) is an effective strategy to control the reaction kinetics and product properties.
Topics: Calcium Phosphates; Crystallization; Kinetics; Magnesium; Magnesium Chloride; Magnesium Compounds; Minerals; Models, Chemical; Phosphates; Phosphorus; Recycling; Seawater; Struvite; Wastewater
PubMed: 32428738
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126968 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Dec 2017Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults and is characterized by high lethality and substantial cognitive disabilities in...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults and is characterized by high lethality and substantial cognitive disabilities in survivors. Here, we have studied the capacity of an established therapeutic agent, magnesium, to improve survival in pneumococcal meningitis by modulating the neurological effects of the major pneumococcal pathogenic factor, pneumolysin.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
We used mixed primary glial and acute brain slice cultures, pneumolysin injection in infant rats, a mouse meningitis model and complementary approaches such as Western blot, a black lipid bilayer conductance assay and live imaging of primary glial cells.
KEY RESULTS
Treatment with therapeutic concentrations of magnesium chloride (500 mg·kg in animals and 2 mM in cultures) prevented pneumolysin-induced brain swelling and tissue remodelling both in brain slices and in animal models. In contrast to other divalent ions, which diminish the membrane binding of pneumolysin in non-therapeutic concentrations, magnesium delayed toxin-driven pore formation without affecting its membrane binding or the conductance profile of its pores. Finally, magnesium prolonged the survival and improved clinical condition of mice with pneumococcal meningitis, in the absence of antibiotic treatment.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Magnesium is a well-established and safe therapeutic agent that has demonstrated capacity for attenuating pneumolysin-triggered pathogenic effects on the brain. The improved animal survival and clinical condition in the meningitis model identifies magnesium as a promising candidate for adjunctive treatment of pneumococcal meningitis, together with antibiotic therapy.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Magnesium Chloride; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuroglia; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptolysins; Survival Rate
PubMed: 28888095
DOI: 10.1111/bph.14027 -
Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry May 2022The purpose of this study was to determine whether magnesium L-lactate is responsible for having a beneficial effect on the myocardium and the skeletal muscles and how...
The purpose of this study was to determine whether magnesium L-lactate is responsible for having a beneficial effect on the myocardium and the skeletal muscles and how this substrate acts at the molecular level. Twenty seven young male Wistar rats were supplied with a magnesium L-lactate (L) solution, a magnesium chloride (M) solution and/or water (W) as a vehicle for 10 weeks. The treated animals absorbed the L and M solutions as they wished since they also had free access to water. After 9 weeks of treatment, in vivo cardiac function was determined ultrasonically. The animals were sacrificed at the end of the tenth week of treatment and the heart was perfused according to the Langendorff method by using a technique allowing the determination of cardiomyocyte activity (same coronary flow in the two groups). Blood was collected and skeletal muscles of the hind legs were weighed. The myocardial expressions of the sodium/proton exchange 1 (NHE1) and sodium/calcium exchange 1 (NCX1), intracellular calcium accumulation, myocardial magnesium content, as well as systemic and tissue oxidative stress, were determined. Animals of the L group absorbed systematically a low dose of L-lactate (31.5 ± 4.3 µg/100 g of body weight/day) which was approximately four times higher than that ingested in the W group through the diet supplied. Ex vivo cardiomyocyte contractility and the mass of some skeletal muscles (tibialis anterior) were increased by the L treatment. Myocardial calcium was decreased, as was evidenced by an increase in total CaMKII expression, without any change in the ratio between phosphorylated CaMKII and total CaMKII. Cardiac magnesium tended to be elevated. Our results suggest that the increased intracellular magnesium concentration was related to L-lactate-induced cytosolic acidosis and to the activation of the NHE1/NCX1 axis. Interestingly, systemic oxidative stress was reduced by the L treatment whereas the lipid profile of the animals was unaltered. Taken together, these results suggest that a chronic low-dose L-lactate intake has a beneficial health effect on some skeletal muscles and the myocardium through the activation of the NHE1/NCX1 axis, a decrease in cellular calcium and an increase in cellular magnesium. The treatment can be beneficial for the health of young rodents in relation to chronic oxidative stress-related diseases.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; Lactates; Magnesium; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium; Water
PubMed: 34292519
DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00827-8