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International Journal of Biological... Dec 2022Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque formation, neuronal cell death, mitochondrial and cholinergic dysfunction are key indicators of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, gelatin...
Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque formation, neuronal cell death, mitochondrial and cholinergic dysfunction are key indicators of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were tethered with magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)) to synthesize nanocomposite (Ge/PVA/Mg(OH)) through alkali co-precipitation. The characterization studies using FT-IR, XRD, DLS, and SEM-EDX confirmed the successful formation of Ge/PVA/Mg(OH) nanocomposite. Further, in vitro study it clearly demonstrated the impact of Ge/PVA/Mg(OH) nanocomposite on biocompatibility, cellular uptake, reduced Aβ protein expression and protection of neuronal cell death. The confocal study further confirmed the down-regulation of Aβ expression. The subsequent in vivo analysis witnessed the protective effect of Ge/PVA/Mg(OH) nanocomposites on the cognitive and synaptic impairments of AD in intraceribroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) treated rats. Oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, cholinergic and mitochondrial complex activity were conducted and revealed that the Acetylcholineesterase (AChE) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) activities were significantly decreased by contrast the antioxidant enzyme activities were found to be increased in the cortex and hippocampus regions of the brain. Thus, the present investigation recommends Ge/PVA/Mg(OH) nanocomposite to target AD and clinical translation.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Alzheimer Disease; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Gelatin; Magnesium Hydroxide; Antioxidants; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Oxidative Stress; Streptozocin; Nanocomposites; Cholinergic Agents; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 36228820
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.010 -
Polymers Apr 2022In this study, hydromagnesite, a rare natural hydrated alkaline magnesium carbonate, was used to synthesize magnesium hydroxide (MH) as a flame retardant for...
In this study, hydromagnesite, a rare natural hydrated alkaline magnesium carbonate, was used to synthesize magnesium hydroxide (MH) as a flame retardant for ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) to enhance its fire resistance and smoke suppression. Various concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used to alter the morphology and the flame-retardant efficiency of synthesized MH. EVA/MH composites were prepared through melt blending, and the influence of NaOH on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties was investigated by means of the limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter test (CCT) and tensile test. The flame retardancy results demonstrated that composites exhibited remarkably improved flame retardant properties after introducing MH, reflected by an increase in the LOI value from 20% for neat EVA to roughly 38%. Additionally, the peak of heat release rate (pHRR), the total heat release (THR) and the peak of the smoke production rate for EVA3 were decreased by 37.6%, 20.7% and 44.4% compared with neat EVA, respectively. In the meantime, increasing char residues were also observed. The incorporation of different MH concentrations had a limited effect on the mechanical properties of the EVA/MH composites.
PubMed: 35458317
DOI: 10.3390/polym14081567 -
Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024Flaxseed powder seems to improve bowel movements in these patients. Therefore, this study compares the effects of flaxseed powder and magnesium hydroxide on bowel...
BACKGROUND
Flaxseed powder seems to improve bowel movements in these patients. Therefore, this study compares the effects of flaxseed powder and magnesium hydroxide on bowel movements of acute myocardial infarction patients hospitalized in ICU.
METHODS
The population of the present parallel randomized controlled clinical trial included 70 acute myocardial infarction patients hospitalized in ICU who had no history of chronic constipation. The patients in the intervention group were given three sachets of flaxseed powder (each sachet was 3 g) twice a day for four days. The patients in the control group were given 20 cc of magnesium hydroxide syrup each morning. The Bristol scale was used to describe stool consistency.
RESULTS
The mean and standard deviation of the number of bowel movements within five days after intervention are 1.86 ± 1.08 and 1.6 ± 0.65 in the intervention and the control groups, respectively. The frequency of normal stool consistency of the first bowel movement is 94.3% for the intervention group and 85.7% for the control group, which shows no significant differences between the two groups in terms of stool consistency and bowel movement frequency (P=0.510). The bowel movements started on average after 35.2±97.97 hours in the flaxseed group and 24.771±2.677 hours in the magnesium hydroxide group (P=0.023).
CONCLUSION
The results showed that flaxseed powder increases bowel movement frequency and improves the patients' stool consistency, but the differences between the two groups are insignificant. Finally, the time to the first defecation was shorter in the magnesium hydroxide group.
PubMed: 38807721
DOI: 10.22088/cjim.15.2.234 -
Electrolyte & Blood Pressure : E & BP Dec 2023Hypermagnesemia is a rare but potentially fatal electrolyte disorder often overlooked because of its unfamiliarity. Magnesium is regulated through a balance of bone,...
Hypermagnesemia is a rare but potentially fatal electrolyte disorder often overlooked because of its unfamiliarity. Magnesium is regulated through a balance of bone, intestinal absorption, and renal excretion. Hypermagnesemia typically arises from excessive magnesium intake or reduced renal excretion; however, it also occurs in patients with normal kidney function. Herein, we report two cases of hypermagnesemia in patients taking magnesium hydroxide for constipation. The first case involved an 82-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease who developed metabolic encephalopathy due to hypermagnesemia, after taking 3,000 mg of magnesium hydroxide daily for constipation. Her magnesium level was 9.9 mg/dL. Her treatment involved discontinuing magnesium hydroxide and continuing hemodialysis, which led to her recovery. In the second case, a 50-year-old woman with a history of cerebral hemorrhage and mental retardation developed hypermagnesemia despite having normal renal function. She was also taking magnesium hydroxide for constipation, and her magnesium level was 11.0 mg/dL. She experienced cardiac arrest while preparing for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). After achieving return of spontaneous circulation, CRRT was initiated, and her magnesium level showed a decreasing trend. However, vital signs and lactate levels did not recover, leading to death. These cases highlight the importance of prompt diagnosis and intervention for hypermagnesemia and the need to regularly monitor magnesium levels in individuals receiving magnesium-containing preparations, especially those with impaired kidney function.
PubMed: 38152602
DOI: 10.5049/EBP.2023.21.2.66 -
Membranes Aug 2021Poland still relies largely on coal for energy generation, which creates environmental problems connected to the mining process, particularly the issue of saline waste... (Review)
Review
Poland still relies largely on coal for energy generation, which creates environmental problems connected to the mining process, particularly the issue of saline waste water discharge. Membrane-based zero liquid discharge systems can be employed to recover important resources from coal mine waste waters, such as demineralized water, salt, magnesium hydroxide, and gypsum. In this paper, we present a historical overview of proposed membrane-based solutions for the Polish coal mining industry and discuss possible further areas of research.
PubMed: 34436401
DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080638 -
Translational Animal Science Jul 2022Our objective was to evaluate the inclusion of calcium-magnesium carbonate [CaMg(CO)] and calcium-magnesium hydroxide [CaMg(OH)] in corn silage-based diets and their...
Our objective was to evaluate the inclusion of calcium-magnesium carbonate [CaMg(CO)] and calcium-magnesium hydroxide [CaMg(OH)] in corn silage-based diets and their impact on ruminal microbiome. Our previous work showed a lower pH and molar proportion of butyrate from diets supplemented with [CaMg(CO)] compared to [CaMg(OH)]; therefore, we hypothesized that ruminal microbiome would be affected by Mg source. Four continuous culture fermenters were arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square with the following treatments defined by the supplemental source of Mg: 1) (100% MgO, plus sodium sesquicarbonate as a buffer); 2) [100% CaMg(CO)]; 3) [100% CaMg(OH)]; and 4) [50% Mg from CaMg(CO), 50% Mg from CaMg(OH)]. Diet nutrient concentration was held constant across treatments (16% CP, 30% NDF, 1.66 MCal NEl/kg, 0.67% Ca, and 0.25% Mg). We conducted four fermentation periods of 10 d, with the last 3 d for collection of samples of solid and liquid digesta effluents for DNA extraction. Overall, 16 solid and 16 liquid samples were analyzed by amplification of the V4 variable region of bacterial 16S rRNA. Data were analyzed with R and SAS to determine treatment effects on taxa relative abundance of liquid and solid fractions. Correlation of butyrate molar proportion with taxa relative abundance was also analyzed. Treatments did not affect alpha and beta diversities or relative abundance of phylum, class and order in either liquid or solid fractions. At the family level, relative abundance of in solid fraction was lower for CO and CO/OH compared to OH and Control ( < 0.01). For genera, abundance of ( = 0.01) and Lachnospiraceae ND3007 ( < 0.01) (both from Lachnospiraceae family) was lower and unclassified Ruminococcaceae ( = 0.03) was greater in CO than Control and OH in solid fraction; while abundance of ( = 0.10) and Lachnospiraceae FD2005 ( = 0.09) (both from Lachnospiraceae family) and ( = 0.09) tended to decrease in CO compared to Control in liquid fraction. Butyrate molar proportion was negatively correlated to Ruminococcaceae ( = -0.55) in solid fraction and positively correlated to ( = 0.61) and Lachnospiraceae FD2005 ( = 0.61) in liquid. Our results indicate that source of Mg has an impact on bacterial taxa associated with ruminal butyrate synthesis, which is important for epithelial health and fatty acid synthesis.
PubMed: 35912064
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac092 -
Pathogens and Disease Feb 2021We compared the effects of two antacid formulations based on sodium bicarbonate and magnesium hydroxide on a Salmonella-delivered oral Brucella live attenuated vaccine.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Comparative study of sodium bicarbonate- and magnesium hydroxide-based gastric antacids for the effectiveness of Salmonella delivered Brucella antigens against wild type challenge in BALB/c mice.
We compared the effects of two antacid formulations based on sodium bicarbonate and magnesium hydroxide on a Salmonella-delivered oral Brucella live attenuated vaccine. We conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the pH buffering capacity, buffering longevity and the effects of these formulations on the survival of Salmonella under neutralized pH conditions and its impact on immune responses. Magnesium hydroxide had a greater, stable and prolonged buffering capacity than sodium bicarbonate and was safer when administered orally. Oral administration of sodium bicarbonate resulted in discomfort as reflected by mouse behavior and mild muscle tremors, whereas mice treated with magnesium hydroxide and PBS were completely normal. Gastric survival studies using BALB/c mice revealed that a higher number of Salmonella reached the intestine when the magnesium hydroxide-based antacid buffer was administrated. Co-administration with attenuated Salmonella secreting Brucella antigens, SodC and Omp19 along with individual antacid formulations, significantly enhanced the antigen-specific protective immune responses against virulent Brucella challenge. Together, our results indicated that the pre vaccinated oral administration of bicarbonate-citric acid or magnesium hydroxide-based neutralizing buffers significantly counteract stomach acidity by maintaining the viability of an oral enteric vaccine formulation.
Topics: Animals; Antacids; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Vaccines; Brucella Vaccine; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis; Buffers; Drug Compounding; Female; Gastric Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunity; Magnesium Hydroxide; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Models, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Vaccines, Attenuated
PubMed: 33527985
DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab002 -
Journal of Nephrology Dec 2021
Topics: Aluminum Hydroxide; Antacids; Humans; Hypophosphatemia; Magnesium
PubMed: 33502727
DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00963-2 -
Polymers Nov 2023Particle boards are manufactured through a hot pressing process using wood materials (natural polymer materials) and adhesive, which find common usage in indoor...
Analyzing Temperature Distribution Patterns on the Facing and Backside Surface: Investigating Combustion Performance of Flame-Retardant Particle Boards Using Aluminum Hypophosphite, Intumescent, and Magnesium Hydroxide Flame Retardants.
Particle boards are manufactured through a hot pressing process using wood materials (natural polymer materials) and adhesive, which find common usage in indoor decorative finishing materials. Flame-retardant particleboard, crucial for fire safety in such applications, undergoes performance analysis that includes assessing temperature distribution across its facing surface and temperature increase on the backside surface during facade combustion, yielding critical insights into fire scenario development. In this study, a compact flame spread apparatus is utilized to examine the flame retardancy and combustion behavior of particle boards, with a specific emphasis on the application of cost-effective flame retardants, encompassing aluminum hypophosphite (ALHP), an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) comprising ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (MEL), and Dipentaerythritol (DPE), alongside magnesium hydroxide (MDH), and their associated combustion characteristics. The D values, representing the vertical distance from the ignition point (IP) to P (the temperature point at 300 °C farthest from IP), are measured using a compact temperature distribution measurement platform. For MDH/PB, APP + MEL + DPE/PB, and ALHP/PB samples, the respective D values of 145.79 mm, 117.81 mm, and 118.57 mm indicate reductions of 11.11%, 28.17%, and 27.71%, compared to the untreated sample's value of 164.02 mm. The particle boards treated with ALHP, IFR, and MDH demonstrated distinct flame-retardant mechanisms. MDH/PB relied on the thermal decomposition of MDH to produce MgO and HO for flame retardancy, while APP + MEL + DPE/PB achieved flame retardancy through a cross-linked structure with char expansion, polyphosphate, and pyrophosphate during combustion. On the other hand, ALHP/PB attained flame retardancy by reacting with wood materials and adhesives, forming a stable condensed P-N-C structure. This study serves as a performance reference for the production of cost-effective flame-resistant particleboards and offers a practical method for assessing its fire-resistant properties when used as a decorative finishing material on facades in real fire situations.
PubMed: 38231928
DOI: 10.3390/polym15234479 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Apr 2023Tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide (TBP-PI-HBr) is a novel oral carbapenem prodrug being developed for the treatment of serious bacterial infections. This open-label,... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Effect of an Antacid (Aluminum Hydroxide/Magnesium Hydroxide/Simethicone) or a Proton Pump Inhibitor (Omeprazole) on the Pharmacokinetics of Tebipenem Pivoxil Hydrobromide (TBP-PI-HBr) in Healthy Adult Subjects.
Tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide (TBP-PI-HBr) is a novel oral carbapenem prodrug being developed for the treatment of serious bacterial infections. This open-label, 3-period, fixed sequence study evaluated the effect of gastric acid-reducing agents, aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide/simethicone, and omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tebipenem (TBP), the active moiety, following coadministration with immediate release TBP-PI-HBr during fasting. In Period 1, subjects received a single oral dose of TBP-PI-HBr 600 mg (2 × 300 mg tablets). In Period 2, subjects received a single oral dose of aluminum hydroxide 800 mg/magnesium hydroxide 800 mg/simethicone 80 mg suspension co-administered with a single dose of TBP-PI-HBr 600 mg. In Period 3, subjects received a single oral dose of omeprazole 40 mg once daily over 5 days, followed by single dose administration of TBP-PI-HBr 600 mg on day 5. In each period, whole blood samples were obtained prior to, and up to 24 h, following TBP-PI-HBr dose administration in order to characterize TBP PK. A 7-day washout was required between periods. Twenty subjects were enrolled and completed the study. Following co-administration of TBP-PI-HBr with either aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide/simethicone or omeprazole, total TBP exposure (area under the curve [AUC]) was approximately 11% (geometric mean ratio 89.2, 90% confidence interval: 83,2, 95.7) lower, and Cmax was 22% (geometric mean ratio 78.4, 90% confidence interval: 67.9, 90.6) and 43% (geometric mean ratio 56.9, 90% confidence interval: 49.2, 65.8) lower, respectively, compared to administration of TBP-PI-HBr alone. Mean TBP elimination half-life (t) was generally comparable across treatments (range: 1.0 to 1.5 h). Concomitant administration of TBP-PI-HBr with omeprazole or aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide/simethicone is not expected to impact the efficacy of TBP-PI-HBr, as there is minimal impact on TBP plasma AUC, which is the pharmacodynamic driver of efficacy. Co-administration was generally safe and well tolerated.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Administration, Oral; Aluminum Hydroxide; Antacids; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Drug Interactions; Magnesium Hydroxide; Omeprazole; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Simethicone
PubMed: 36943038
DOI: 10.1128/aac.01495-22