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Journal of Tissue Engineering 2020Spinal fusion has become a common surgical technique to join two or more vertebrae to stabilize a damaged spine; however, the rate of pseudarthrosis (failure of fusion)...
Spinal fusion has become a common surgical technique to join two or more vertebrae to stabilize a damaged spine; however, the rate of pseudarthrosis (failure of fusion) is still high. To minimize pseudarthrosis, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) has been approved for use in humans. In this study, we developed a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) composite incorporated with magnesium hydroxide (MH) nanoparticles for the delivery of BMP2. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of released BMP2 from BMP2-immobilized PLGA/MH composite scaffold in an in vitro test and an in vivo mice spinal fusion model. The PLGA/MH composite films were fabricated via solvent casting technique. The surface of the PLGA/MH composite scaffold was modified with polydopamine (PDA) to effectively immobilize BMP2 on the PLGA/MH composite scaffold. Analyzes of the scaffold revealed that using PLGA/MH-PDA improved hydrophilicity, degradation performance, neutralization effects, and increased BMP2 loading efficiency. In addition, releasing BMP2 from the PLGA/MH scaffold significantly promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, the pH neutralization effect significantly increased in MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the BMP2-immobilized PLGA/MH scaffold. In our animal study, the PLGA/MH scaffold as a BMP2 carrier attenuates inflammatory responses and promotes BMP2-induced bone formation in posterolateral spinal fusion model. These results collectively demonstrate that the BMP2-immobilized PLGA/MH scaffold offers great potential in effectively inducing bone formation in spinal fusion surgery.
PubMed: 33178410
DOI: 10.1177/2041731420967591 -
Microorganisms Jun 2021Recently, metal oxides and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) with high surface-to-volume ratios were shown to possess antibacterial properties with applications in...
Recently, metal oxides and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) with high surface-to-volume ratios were shown to possess antibacterial properties with applications in biomedicine and agriculture. To assess recent observations from field trials on tomatoes showing resistance to pathogen attacks, porous micron-scale particles composed of nano-grains of MgO were hydrated and sprayed on the leaves of healthy tomato () plants in a 20-day program. The results showed that the spray induced (a) a modest and selective stress gene response that was consistent with the absence of phytotoxicity and the production of salicylic acid as a signalling response to pathogens; (b) a shift of the phylloplane microbiota from near 100% dominance by Gram (-) bacteria, leaving extremophiles and cyanobacteria to cover the void; and (c) a response of the fungal leaf phylloplane that showed that the leaf epiphytome was unchanged but the fungal load was reduced by about 70%. The direct microbiome changes together with the low level priming of the plant's immune system may explain the previously observed resistance to pathogen assaults in field tomato plants sprayed with the same hydrated porous micron-scale particles.
PubMed: 34199815
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061217 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023The amount of waste heat generated annually in the UK exceeds the total annual electricity demand. Hence, it is crucial to effectively harness all available sources of...
The amount of waste heat generated annually in the UK exceeds the total annual electricity demand. Hence, it is crucial to effectively harness all available sources of waste heat based on their varying temperatures. Through suitable technologies, a substantial portion of this waste heat has the potential to be recovered for reutilization. Thermochemical energy storage (TCES) provides the best opportunities to recover waste heat at various temperatures for long-term storage and application. The potential of TCES with magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH), has been established, but it has a relatively high dehydration temperature, thus limiting its potential for medium-temperature heat storage applications, which account for a vast proportion of industrial waste heat. To this end, samples of doped Mg(OH) with varying proportions (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) of potassium nitrate (KNO) have been developed and characterized for evaluation. The results showed that the Mg(OH) sample with 5 wt% KNO achieved the best outcome and was able to lower the dehydration temperature of the pure Mg(OH) from about 317 °C to 293 °C with an increase in the energy storage capacity from 1246 J/g to 1317 J/g. It also showed a monodisperse surface topology and thermal stability in the non-isothermal test conducted on the sample and therefore appears to have the potential for medium heat storage applications ranging from 293 °C to 400 °C.
PubMed: 37763573
DOI: 10.3390/ma16186296 -
Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy Nov 2023Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease marked by mitochondrial dysfunction, amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, and neuronal cell loss. G-protein-coupled...
Gelatin/polyethylene glycol-loaded magnesium hydroxide nanocomposite to attenuate acetylcholinesterase, neurotoxicity, and activation of GPR55 protein in rat models of Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease marked by mitochondrial dysfunction, amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, and neuronal cell loss. G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) has been used as a promising target for insulin receptors in diabetes therapy, but GPR55's role in AD is still unidentified. Gelatin (GE) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymeric hydrogels are commonly used in the drug delivery system. Therefore, the aim of the present study was the preparation of magnesium hydroxide nanocomposite using Clitoria ternatea (CT) flower extract, GE, and PEG (GE/PEG/Mg(OH)NCs) by the green precipitation method. The synthesized GE/PEG/Mg(OH)NCs were used to determine the effect of GPR55 activation of intracerebroventricular administration on streptozotocin (ICV-STC)-induced cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits. The GE/PEG/Mg(OH)NCs were administered following bilateral ICV-STC administration (3 mg/kg) in experimental rats. Neurobehavioral assessments were performed using a Morris water maze (MWM) and a passive avoidance test (PA). Cholinergic and antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial complex activity were estimated in the cortex and hippocampus through biochemical analysis. Inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) were determined using the ELISA method. Our study results demonstrated that the GE/PEG/Mg(OH)NCs treatment significantly improved spatial and non-spatial memory functions in behavioral studies. Moreover, the treatment with GE/PEG/Mg(OH)NCs group significantly attenuated cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers, and also highly improved anti-oxidant activity (GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPx) in the cortex and hippocampus regions. The western blot results suggest the activation of the GPR55 protein expression through GE/PEG/Mg(OH)NCs. The histopathological studies showed clear cytoplasm and healthy neurons, effectively promoting neuronal activity. Furthermore, the molecular docking results demonstrated the binding affinity and potential interactions of the compounds with the AChE enzyme. In conclusion, the GE/PEG/Mg(OH)NCs treated groups showed reduced neurotoxicity and have the potential as a therapeutic agent to effectively target AD.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Antioxidants; Cholinergic Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Gelatin; Hippocampus; Magnesium Hydroxide; Molecular Docking Simulation; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Polyethylene Glycols; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37708946
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102337 -
ACS Omega Nov 2022The removal of hazardous pollutants from water is becoming an increasingly interesting topic of research considering their impact on the environment and the ecosystem....
The removal of hazardous pollutants from water is becoming an increasingly interesting topic of research considering their impact on the environment and the ecosystem. This work was carried out to synthesize graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) and starch-doped magnesium hydroxide (g-CN/St-Mg(OH)) nanostructures via a facile co-precipitation process. The focus of this study is to treat polluted water and bactericidal behavior with a ternary system (doping-dependent Mg(OH)). Different concentrations (2 and 4 wt %) of g-CN were doped in a fixed amount of starch and Mg(OH) to degrade methylene blue dye from an aqueous solution with bactericidal potential against () and () pathogens. The textural structures, morphological evolutions, and optical characteristics of the as-prepared samples were analyzed using advanced characterization techniques. X-ray diffraction confirmed the hexagonal phase of Mg(OH) with improved crystallinity upon doping. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed Mg(OH) stretching vibrations and other functional groups. UV-visible spectroscopy exhibited a red shift (bathochromic effect) in absorption spectra representing the decrease in energy band gap ( ). Photoluminescence patterns were recorded to study recombination of charge carriers (e and h). A significant enhancement in photodegradation efficiency (97.62%) and efficient bactericidal actions against (14.10 mm inhibition zone) and (7.45 mm inhibition zone) were observed for higher doped specimen 4% g-CN/St-Mg(OH)
PubMed: 36385836
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04650 -
Current Microbiology Apr 2023In this paper, we synthesized graphene quantum dots magnesium hydroxide nanocomposites (GQDs/Mg(OH)). The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by UV-Vis...
In this paper, we synthesized graphene quantum dots magnesium hydroxide nanocomposites (GQDs/Mg(OH)). The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Malvern Zetasizer. The antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the obtained GQDs/Mg(OH) nanocomposites were investigated. GQDs/Mg(OH) nanocomposites have MIC values of 15.625 μg/mL against fungi (C. metapsilosis and C. parapsilosis) and 62.5 μg/mL against Gram (+) (S. pneumonia and E. faecalis) and Gram (-) (E. coli). The synthesized GQDs/Mg(OH) nanocomposites showed moderate antioxidant activity. The results showed that at 100-µg/mL GQDs/Mg(OH) nanocomposite concentration, the HO scavenging activity was 62.18%.
Topics: Quantum Dots; Antioxidants; Graphite; Magnesium Hydroxide; Hydrogen Peroxide; Escherichia coli; Anti-Infective Agents; Nanocomposites
PubMed: 37046124
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03286-0 -
International Journal of Biological... Nov 2020In this study, a nanobiocomposite scaffold was fabricated by combining sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, silk fibroin and magnesium hydroxide nanorods. The structural...
Alginate hydrogel-polyvinyl alcohol/silk fibroin/magnesium hydroxide nanorods: A novel scaffold with biological and antibacterial activity and improved mechanical properties.
In this study, a nanobiocomposite scaffold was fabricated by combining sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, silk fibroin and magnesium hydroxide nanorods. The structural characteristics and properties of the scaffold were identified by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) and energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analyses. To introduce the application, biocompatibility, mechanical properties and biological activity of the scaffold were obtained. The composite was found to have high porosity, no cytotoxicity, excellent cellular adaptation, and most importantly Mg(OH) nanorod had antibacterial activity and inhibited the growth of bacteria. In addition, silk fibroin and alginate increased the scaffold strength due to mechanical tests. Hemolytic assay and cell metabolic activity of this novel nanobiocomposite showed that the hemolytic effect was less than 8% and about 92% of cells survived. Due to considerable biological activities and acceptable mechanical properties, the mentioned nanobiocomposite can be considered as a scaffold for possible use in wound dressing, tissue engineering and drug delivery systems.
Topics: Alginates; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bandages; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Line; Fibroins; Humans; Magnesium Hydroxide; Mechanical Phenomena; Nanotubes; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 32814101
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.090 -
Medicine and Pharmacy Reports Jan 2022The aim of this study was to evaluate the acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) and other properties of antacid drugs marketed in Morocco.
AIM
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) and other properties of antacid drugs marketed in Morocco.
METHODS
Samples of 12 antacids were collected from pharmacies and were subjected to the test described in the US Pharmacopoeia in order to measure their ANC. Other properties such as price and sodium content were also studied.
RESULTS
All the tested brands met the minimal requirement of 5 mEq. However, Aluminum hydroxide/Magnesium hydroxide combinations showed a superior acid-neutralizing capacity over other products and oral suspensions showed better results compared to other pharmaceutical forms. Regarding the cost of antacids, Aluminum hydroxide/Magnesium hydroxide combinations and calcium carbonate/magnesium carbonate combinations showed the most favorable ANC/price ratio. Some of the antacids studied contain a high amount of sodium.
CONCLUSION
All the antacids marketed in Morocco meet the USP requirement regarding their ANC. However, the ANC value should be included in the antacids' labels so that both patients and physicians can choose the most appropriate product. The ANC value should be evaluated according to the dose of the active substance instead of the minimum labeled dosage in order to allow a better result interpretation.
PubMed: 35720246
DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2082 -
The Science of the Total Environment Nov 2023Coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (CFS) system has been identified as one of the favored treatment technique in water/wastewater treatment systems and hence, it is... (Review)
Review
Coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (CFS) system has been identified as one of the favored treatment technique in water/wastewater treatment systems and hence, it is crucial to comprehend the efficacy of different coagulants used in removing microplastics (MPs) from aqueous matrices. Henceforth, this study critically reviews the recent progress and efficacy of different coagulants used to date for MPs removal. This includes laboratory and field-scale studies on inorganic and organic coagulants, as well as laboratory-scale studies on natural coagulants. Inorganic and organic coagulants have varying MPs removal efficiencies such as: Fe/Al-salts (30 %-95 %), alum (99 %), and poly aluminum chloride (13 %-97 %), magnesium hydroxide (84 %), polyamine (99 %), organosilanes (>95 %), and polyacrylamide (85 %-98 %). Moreover, studies have highlighted the use of natural coagulants, such as chitosan, protein amyloid fibrils, and starch has shown promising results in MPs removal with sevral advantages over traditional coagulants. These natural coagulants have demonstrated high MPs removal efficiencies with chitosan-tannic acid (95 %), protein amyloid fibrils (98 %), and starch (>90 %). Moreover, the MPs removal efficiencies of natural coagulants are compared and their predominant removal mechanisms are determined. Plant-based natural coagulants can potentially remove MPs through mechanisms such as polymer bridging and charge neutralization. Further, a systematic analysis on the effect of operational parameters highlights that the pH affects particle surface charge and coagulation efficiency, while mixing speed affects particle aggregation and sedimentation. Also, the optimal mixing speed for effective MPs removal depends on coagulant type and concentration, water composition, and MPs characteristics. Moreover, this work highlights the advantages and limitations of using different coagulants for MPs removal and discusses the challenges and future prospects in scaling up these laboratory studies for real-time applications.
Topics: Microplastics; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Plastics; Chitosan; Amyloid; Flocculation; Water Purification; Water
PubMed: 37482362
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165723 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2015This article describes the second update of a Cochrane review on the effectiveness of laxatives for the management of constipation in people receiving palliative care.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This article describes the second update of a Cochrane review on the effectiveness of laxatives for the management of constipation in people receiving palliative care. Previous versions were published in 2006 and 2010 where we also evaluated trials of methylnaltrexone; these trials have been removed as they are included in another review in press. In these earlier versions, we drew no conclusions on individual effectiveness of different laxatives because of the limited number of evaluations. This is despite constipation being common in palliative care, generating considerable suffering due to the unpleasant physical symptoms and the availability of a wide range of laxatives with known differences in effect in other populations.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effectiveness and differential efficacy of laxatives used to manage constipation in people receiving palliative care.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science (SCI & CPCI-S) for trials to September 2014.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating laxatives for constipation in people receiving palliative care.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two authors assessed trial quality and extracted data. The appropriateness of combining data from the studies depended upon clinical and outcome measure homogeneity.
MAIN RESULTS
We identified five studies involving the laxatives lactulose, senna, co-danthramer, misrakasneham, docusate and magnesium hydroxide with liquid paraffin. Overall, the study findings were at an unclear risk of bias. As all five studies compared different laxatives or combinations of laxatives, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. There was no evidence on whether individual laxatives were more effective than others or caused fewer adverse effects.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
This second update found that laxatives were of similar effectiveness but the evidence remains limited due to insufficient data from a few small RCTs. None of the studies evaluated polyethylene glycol or any intervention given rectally. There is a need for more trials to evaluate the effectiveness of laxatives in palliative care populations. Extrapolating findings on the effectiveness of laxatives evaluated in other populations should proceed with caution. This is because of the differences inherent in people receiving palliative care that may impact, in a likely negative way, on the effect of a laxative.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anthraquinones; Cathartics; Constipation; Humans; Lactulose; Magnesium Hydroxide; Naltrexone; Palliative Care; Paraffin; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Senna Extract
PubMed: 25967924
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003448.pub4