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Inflammopharmacology Oct 2023To evaluate the effect of oral magnesium sulfate (MgSO) on the gene expression and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-18, IL-1β, IL-6, and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
To evaluate the effect of oral magnesium sulfate (MgSO) on the gene expression and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-18, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ in patients with moderate coronary artery disease (CAD).
METHODS
60 CAD patients were selected based on angiography findings and were randomly divided into two groups that received 300 mg/day MgSO (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 3 months. Gene expression and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were assessed.
RESULTS
After 3 months of intervention, gene expression and serum levels of IL-18 and TNF-α in the MgSOgroup were significantly less than the placebo group (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference in gene expression and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). In addition, within group analysis demonstrate that Mg-treatment significantly decrease serum level of TNF-α and IL-18 as compared to pretreatment.
CONCLUSION
The results of our study demonstrate that 3-month magnesium sulfate administration (300 mg/day) to CAD patients could significantly decrease serum concentration and gene expression levels of IL-18 and TNF-α. Our findings support the potential beneficial effect of magnesium supplementation on alleviating CAD complications through modulating inflammatory cytokines.
Topics: Humans; Cytokines; Interleukin-18; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Magnesium Sulfate; Coronary Artery Disease; Interleukin-6; Gene Expression
PubMed: 37665448
DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01328-4 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Jun 2019To evaluate whether antenatal MgSO is beneficial or harmful in very preterm and extremely preterm neonates. (Review)
Review
AIMS
To evaluate whether antenatal MgSO is beneficial or harmful in very preterm and extremely preterm neonates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrieved published literature through searches of PubMed or Medline, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Results were restricted to systematic reviews, meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and relevant observational studies.
RESULTS
Evidence revealed that antenatal MgSO has neuroprotective role in preterm neonates and it decreased the risk of cerebral palsy and gross motor dysfunction. Evidences regarding association of antenatal MgSO with feed intolerance, NEC and SIP were from cohort studies and controversial.
CONCLUSIONS
We should continue use antenatal MgSO to all eligible patients according to protocol till the more robust evidence will suggest association with gastrointestinal complications. In the meantime, we should have a high index of suspicion of gastrointestinal complications in extremely preterms particularly <26 weeks of gestation.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Infant, Extremely Premature; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Magnesium Sulfate; Pregnancy
PubMed: 29301419
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1424823 -
The use of intravenous magnesium in non-preeclamptic pregnant women: fetal/neonatal neuroprotection.Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics May 2015To review the effect of intravenous magnesium in obstetrics on fetal/neonatal neuroprotection. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To review the effect of intravenous magnesium in obstetrics on fetal/neonatal neuroprotection.
METHODS
A systematic review of published studies.
RESULTS
Five randomized trials and 4 meta-analyses have shown a significant 32% reduction of cerebral palsy when administering magnesium sulfate in case of preterm delivery. The pathophysiologic mechanism is not fully unraveled: modulation of the inflammatory process, both in the mother and the fetus, and downregulation of neuronal stimulation seem to be involved. After long-term high-dose intravenous administration of magnesium, maternal and neonatal adverse effects such as maternal and neonatal hypotonia and osteoporosis and specific fetal/neonatal cerebral lesions have been described. In case of administration for less than 48 h at 1 g/h and a loading dose of 4 g, these toxic amounts are not achieved. American, Canadian and Australian guidelines recommend the use of intravenous magnesium in any threatening delivery at less than 32 weeks. The "number needed to treat" to avoid 1 cerebral palsy is between 15 and 35.
CONCLUSIONS
Intravenous magnesium significantly reduces the risk for cerebral palsy in preterm birth. Open questions remain the optimal dosing schedule, whether or not repeating when delivery has been successfully postponed and a new episode of preterm labor occurs. Some concern has been raised on a too optimistic value for random error which might have led to over-optimistic conclusions in classic meta-analysis. Randomized trials comparing different doses and individual patient data meta-analysis might resolve these issues.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Australia; Canada; Cerebral Palsy; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Magnesium; Magnesium Sulfate; Neuroprotective Agents; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 25501980
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3581-1 -
Biological Trace Element Research Feb 2022The objective of this study is to determine the synergistic effects of an antioxidant ion Mg, combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline, in...
The objective of this study is to determine the synergistic effects of an antioxidant ion Mg, combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline, in treatment or prevention of major depression and regulation of inotropic effect in the early postoperative period. Adult male 40 Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Three to 4-mm long atrium strips were placed in organ bath, tension was adjusted to 2 g. Isometric contractions were induced with 10 M adrenaline. Group 1 was the control group, cumulative sertraline was given to group 2, cumulative MgSO to group 3, combined cumulative sertraline and MgSO to group 4, intraperitoneal sertraline injection for 29 days to group 5, and intraperitoneal MgSO injection for 14 days to group 6. Changes in weight, tensions, bleeding/clotting time, and biochemical findings were evaluated statistically. Isometric tension relationship between groups 1 and 3 was statistically significant after 4 mmol/L MgSO (p < 0.05). A rapid inhibition of contraction was observed in group 4. Inhibition of spontaneous contractions of groups 5 and 6 was found to be statistically significant at close values, p < 0.05. When blood clotting times were compared, a statistically marked decrease was found in group 6, p < 0.05. Compared to control group, there was a significant decrease in blood lipids in group 4. While LDH and CK-MB increased from plasma enzymes in groups 5 and 6, no significant change was observed in NT-proBNP. Combined treatment of high dose MgSO with antidepressants for pre or post-operative depression may cause fatal risks. Shortening clotting time may increase the risk of embolism and stroke. In order to reduce the risk of post-operative depression preoperatively, care should be taken when using magnesium combined with antidepressants and more studies are needed to be considered.
Topics: Animals; Magnesium; Magnesium Sulfate; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sertraline
PubMed: 33774751
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02669-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Mast cell degranulation impacts the development of pain and inflammation during tissue injury. We investigated the antinociceptive effect of a combination of...
Mast cell degranulation impacts the development of pain and inflammation during tissue injury. We investigated the antinociceptive effect of a combination of cromoglycate and magnesium in the orofacial model of pain and the histological profile of the effect of magnesium in orofacial pain. In male Wistar rats, formalin (1.5%, 100 µL) was injected subcutaneously into the right upper lip of rats after cromoglycate and/or magnesium. Pain was measured as the total time spent on pain-related behavior. Toluidine blue staining was used to visualize mast cells under the light microscope. In the formalin test, in phase 1, magnesium antagonized the antinociceptive effect of cromoglycate, while in phase 2, it potentiated or inhibited its effect. Magnesium significantly reduced mast cell degranulation in the acute phase by about 23% and in the second phase by about 40%. Pearson's coefficient did not show a significant correlation between mast cell degranulation and pain under treatment with magnesium. The cromoglycate-magnesium sulfate combination may prevent the development of inflammatory orofacial pain. The effect of a combination of cromoglycate-magnesium sulfate depends on the nature of the pain and the individual effects of the drugs. Magnesium reduced orofacial inflammation in the periphery, and this effect did not significantly contribute to its analgesic effect.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Male; Magnesium Sulfate; Magnesium; Cromolyn Sodium; Rats, Wistar; Cell Degranulation; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Mast Cells; Facial Pain; Inflammation; Analgesics
PubMed: 37047214
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076241 -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Jul 2023Tremors involve involuntary muscle contractions that can occur at rest or during movement. Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common form of resting tremor, is...
INTRODUCTION
Tremors involve involuntary muscle contractions that can occur at rest or during movement. Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common form of resting tremor, is conventionally treated with dopamine agonists, a therapy with a limited window of efficacy as the disease progresses due to levodopa tachyphylaxis. Complementary and Integrative Health (CIH) interventions represent low-cost options for a disease which is expected to double in prevalence in the next decade. Based on its use in many conditions, magnesium sulfate may have therapeutic potential for patients with tremors. This case series presents findings on the use of intravenous magnesium sulfate for the management of four patients with tremors.
METHODS
All four patients were seen at the National University of Natural Medicine clinic and screened for contraindications and safety considerations prior to each treatment using the acronym, ATHUMB: allergies, treatment response, health history, urinalysis, medications, and breakfast/meal timing. Magnesium sulfate is given in an initial dose of 2000 mg increasing in increments of 500 mg over the next one-to-two office visits up to a 3500 mg maximum.
RESULTS
Reductions in tremor severity were noticed for each patient during and following treatment. All patients reported a 24-48-hour window of relief and improvement in activities of daily living after each IV; 3 of 4 patients reported that window extended to 5-7 days.
CONCLUSION
IV magnesium sulfate was effective in decreasing tremor severity. Future research should explore the impact of IV magnesium sulfate on tremors using objective and self-reported measures to quantify the size and duration of its effect.
Topics: Humans; Tremor; Magnesium Sulfate; Activities of Daily Living; Parkinson Disease; Levodopa
PubMed: 37295004
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Emergency Medicine May 2023
Topics: Humans; Magnesium Sulfate; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Bronchodilator Agents; Disease Progression; Acute Disease
PubMed: 36210246
DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.004 -
Xenobiotica; the Fate of Foreign... 20161. Sulphonation is unusual amongst the common Phase II (condensation; synthetic) reactions experienced by xenobiotics, in that the availability of the conjugating... (Review)
Review
1. Sulphonation is unusual amongst the common Phase II (condensation; synthetic) reactions experienced by xenobiotics, in that the availability of the conjugating agent, sulphate, may become a rate-limiting factor. This sulphate is derived within the body via the oxygenation of sulphur moieties liberated from numerous ingested compounds including the sulphur-containing amino acids. Preformed inorganic sulphate also makes a considerable contribution to this pool. 2. There has been a divergence of opinion as to whether or not inorganic sulphate may be readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and this controversy still continues in some quarters. Even more so, is the vexing question of potential absorption of inorganic sulphate via the lungs and through the skin. 3. This review examines the relevant diverse literature and concludes that sulphate ions may move across biological membranes by means of specific transporters and, although the gastrointestinal tract is by far the major portal of entry, some absorption across the lungs and the skin may take place under appropriate circumstances.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Magnesium Sulfate; Models, Animal; Skin Absorption; Sulfates
PubMed: 26226518
DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1054921 -
Pregnancy Hypertension Jun 2024The role of magnesium sulfate for treatment of eclampsia is well established. The medication proved to be superior to other anticonvulsants to reduce the incidence of... (Review)
Review
The role of magnesium sulfate for treatment of eclampsia is well established. The medication proved to be superior to other anticonvulsants to reduce the incidence of recurrent convulsions among women with eclampsia. Additionally, magnesium sulfate has been indicated for women with preeclampsia with different severe features. However, despite these recommendations, many clinicians are still not confident with the use of magnesium sulfate, even in settings with high incidence of preeclampsia and unacceptable rates of maternal mortality. This review brings basic science and clinical information to endorse recommendations to encourage clinicians to use magnesium sulfate for patients with all severe features of preeclampsia, not only for women with neurological symptoms. Additionally, other benefits of magnesium sulfate in anesthesia and fetal neuroprotection are also presented. Finally, a comprehensive algorithm presents recommendations to manage patients with preeclampsia with severe features between 34 and 36 weeks.
Topics: Humans; Magnesium Sulfate; Female; Pregnancy; Pre-Eclampsia; Anticonvulsants
PubMed: 38669914
DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2024.101126 -
Revista Espanola de Anestesiologia Y... May 2024The main causes of maternal mortality are comorbidities, hypertensive pregnancy syndrome, obstetric haemorrhage, and maternal sepsis. For this reason, uterotonics,... (Review)
Review
The main causes of maternal mortality are comorbidities, hypertensive pregnancy syndrome, obstetric haemorrhage, and maternal sepsis. For this reason, uterotonics, magnesium sulphate, and antibiotics are essential tools in the management of obstetric patients during labour and in the peripartum period. These drugs are widely used by anaesthesiologists in all departments, and play a crucial role in treatment and patient safety. For the purpose of this narrative review, we performed a detailed search of medical databases and selected studies describing the use of these drugs in patients during pregnancy, delivery and the pospartum period. Uterotonics, above all oxytocin, play an important role in the prevention and treatment of pospartum haemorrhage, and various studies have shown that in obstetric procedures, such as scheduled and emergency caesarean section, they are effective at lower doses than those hitherto accepted. We also discuss the use of carbetocin as an effective alternative that has a therapeutic advantage in certain clinical circumstances. Magnesium sulphate is the gold standard in the prevention and treatment of eclampsia, and also plays a neuroprotective role in preterm infants. We describe the precautions to be taken during magnesium administration. Finally, we discuss the importance of understanding microbiology and the pharmacology of antibiotics in the management of obstetric infection and endometritis, and draw attention to the latest trends in antibiotic regimens in labour and caesarean section.
Topics: Humans; Magnesium Sulfate; Female; Pregnancy; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Oxytocics; Peripartum Period; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Delivery, Obstetric; Endometritis; Cesarean Section; Oxytocin
PubMed: 38428678
DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2024.02.031