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Clinics in Liver Disease Aug 2021Malnutrition is common in alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH); almost all patients with severe AH have some component of malnutrition. The classic phenotype of... (Review)
Review
Malnutrition is common in alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH); almost all patients with severe AH have some component of malnutrition. The classic phenotype of malnutrition in AH is sarcopenia, but this has become more difficult to discern clinically as patients have become more obese. Patients with AH are often drinking 10 to 15 standard drinks per day. This substantial alcohol consumption becomes a major source of calories, but these are considered "empty" calories that contain little nutritional value. Malnutrition is associated with liver complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy, and worse liver outcomes. Nutrition support can improve nutrition status and reduce complications.
Topics: Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis, Alcoholic; Humans; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Nutritional Support
PubMed: 34229839
DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2021.03.002 -
Salud Publica de Mexico May 2021No disponible.
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The Medical Clinics of North America Sep 2022There are many misconceptions surrounding the diagnosing and treatment of malnutrition and around feeding people with enteral nutrition (EN). Often the decisions made by... (Review)
Review
There are many misconceptions surrounding the diagnosing and treatment of malnutrition and around feeding people with enteral nutrition (EN). Often the decisions made by clinicians are made from anecdote or guidelines that may be out of date or supported by low-quality evidence. In this article, we will discuss different aspects of diagnosing malnutrition and delve deeper into the science and evidence behind certain recommendations. Our goal is to better equip the reader with the most current data-supported recommendation, such as indications, contraindications, complications of EN, tube and ostomy complications, types and use of specialized enteral formulas, and home management.
Topics: Humans; Enteral Nutrition; Gastrostomy; Jejunostomy; Malnutrition
PubMed: 36697116
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.10.002 -
JAMA May 2020
Topics: Diet; History, 20th Century; Humans; Malnutrition; Pellagra
PubMed: 32453356
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.13455 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Oct 2017Malnutrition is a health problem which affects a high percentage of old people since the physical and psychosocial changes common to this period of life favor it in this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Malnutrition is a health problem which affects a high percentage of old people since the physical and psychosocial changes common to this period of life favor it in this group. In addition, aging population has a high prevalence of chronic illnesses and acute pathologies which can affect their nutritional state negatively, leading to malnutrition related to illness.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic revision was to analyze the economic costs related to malnutrition in old people and to discover whether there were differences between economic costs of pre-existing malnutrition prior to illness and malnutrition because of disease.
METHOD
A bibliographic search was carried out in the databases of Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus, for the period between 2000 and 2016.
RESULTS
A total of 1,001 articles were found and 19 were selected using inclusion criteria. Of these, eleven analyzed the costs of pre-existing malnutrition prior to illness, seven analyzed the costs of malnutrition related to illness and one, both situations.
CONCLUSIONS
In general, malnutrition increased health costs as a result of hospital admissions, greater number of readmissions and greater demand on health resources. Moreover, in the studies analyzed, pre-existing malnutrition prior to illness implied greater costs than those related to the actual illness; therefore, it would be convenient to establish selection and preventive policies on malnutrition in old people.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Health Care Costs; Humans; Malnutrition
PubMed: 29130722
DOI: 10.20960/nh.1058 -
La Revue de Medecine Interne May 2021Refeeding syndrome (RS) is a rare but severe condition that is poorly understood, often under-diagnosed and can lead to death. It occurs within 5 days after refeeding in...
Refeeding syndrome (RS) is a rare but severe condition that is poorly understood, often under-diagnosed and can lead to death. It occurs within 5 days after refeeding in patients after prolonged fasting or in a context of undernutrition. As a consequence of the abrupt transition from catabolism to anabolism, RS is defined as a decrease in plasma levels of phosphorus, potassium and/or magnesium, whether or not associated with organ dysfunction resulting from a decrease in one of the electrolytes or a thiamine deficiency, after refeeding. The clinical symptoms are varied and non-specific and are related to hydro electrolyte disorders, sodium-hydroxide retention or failure of one or more organs. Patient management should be appropriate with regular clinical examination and careful biological monitoring, including hydro electrolyte monitoring. The correction of hydroelectrolytic disorders and systematic thiamine supplementation are essential during refeeding, that must be done carefully and very progressively, whatever its form (oral, enteral or parenteral). The severity of the refeeding syndrome indicates that its prevention and screening are the corners of its management in at-risk patients.
Topics: Humans; Hypophosphatemia; Malnutrition; Parenteral Nutrition; Refeeding Syndrome; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency
PubMed: 33549330
DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.12.012 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Dec 2019The domestic donkey is a unique equid species with specific nutritional requirements. This article examines the importance of feeding strategies that mimic the donkey's... (Review)
Review
The domestic donkey is a unique equid species with specific nutritional requirements. This article examines the importance of feeding strategies that mimic the donkey's natural environment using poor nutritional quality fibers and access to browsing materials. The relationship between nutrition and health is examined and practical approaches to the healthy and sick donkey are discussed.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Equidae; Horse Diseases; Horses; Malnutrition; Nutritional Requirements
PubMed: 31587972
DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.08.004 -
Nutrition in Clinical Practice :... Apr 2021The purpose of this article is to provide an updated review of the definition, prevalence, causes, and clinical management of malnutrition in inflammatory bowel disease... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this article is to provide an updated review of the definition, prevalence, causes, and clinical management of malnutrition in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Prevalence of malnutrition in IBD is estimated to be between 6.1% and 69.7% depending on the definition used, the type of IBD, the clinical setting, and whether the IBD is active or in remission. Whereas older definitions of malnutrition have been found to be correlated with mortality and length of hospital stay, the more recent European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) 2015 and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) definitions provide significantly different prevalence estimates of malnutrition when applied to the same patient population, and further work is needed to validate these two definitions against clinical outcomes. In patients with IBD with identified malnutrition, oral nutrition supplementation, enteral nutrition, or parenteral nutrition should be started. In malnourished patients with Crohn's disease undergoing surgery, preoperative enteral nutrition has been demonstrated to reduce the rate of postoperative complications. Overall, patients with IBD are at significant risk for malnutrition and should be screened for malnutrition by using a validated screening tool. The management of malnutrition in IBD is complex, and studies are often limited in their size or their ability to demonstrate an improvement in clinical outcomes based on specific nutrition-related interventions. Future studies particularly regarding the validation of new screening tools and perioperative management of malnutrition may provide insight into the standardization of diagnosis and management of malnutrition in IBD.
Topics: Colitis; Enteral Nutrition; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Malnutrition; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 33651912
DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10628 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Sep 2023Malnutrition and need for nutritive support are both very common in exotic animals requiring critical care. Assessment and monitoring of body condition, weight, protein... (Review)
Review
Malnutrition and need for nutritive support are both very common in exotic animals requiring critical care. Assessment and monitoring of body condition, weight, protein absorption, and catabolic loss is recommended to help guide restorative therapy. Several critical care diets are available based on digestive strategy. Fluid requirements and evaporative water loss can vary based on taxa; ectoderms suffer evaporative losses at a greater magnitude than endotherms. Enteral and parenteral nutrition strategies can be appropriate for patients, with natural history and anatomic and physiologic differences considered as much as possible.
Topics: Animals; Nutritional Requirements; Malnutrition; Parenteral Nutrition; Critical Illness
PubMed: 37516460
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2023.05.009 -
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Sep 2018
Review
Topics: Humans; Malnutrition; Neoplasms; Nutrition Therapy; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 30185853
DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0245-4