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Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice... Jun 2015
Topics: Canada; Food Services; Humans; Long-Term Care; Malnutrition; Menu Planning; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Nutritionists
PubMed: 26067411
DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2015-012 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Oct 2019
Review
Topics: Humans; Malnutrition; Neoplasms; Parenteral Nutrition
PubMed: 31254948
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.03.013 -
Gastroenterology Clinics of North... Mar 2021Malnutrition and issues of nutrition are common in hospitalized patients. Identifying patients at nutritional risk can help to improve hospital-related outcomes.... (Review)
Review
Malnutrition and issues of nutrition are common in hospitalized patients. Identifying patients at nutritional risk can help to improve hospital-related outcomes. Specialized nutritional support in the form of oral nutritional supplementation, enteral nutrition, and parenteral nutrition is essential to meeting the nutritional needs of many patients. Disease-specific nutritional considerations are fundamental to the quality care of hospitalized patients. Many vitamin, macronutrient, and micronutrient deficiencies are relevant in hospital setting.
Topics: Enteral Nutrition; Hospitals; Humans; Malnutrition; Nutritional Support; Parenteral Nutrition
PubMed: 33518161
DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2020.10.015 -
Medicina Clinica Apr 2017
Topics: Hospitalization; Humans; Malnutrition; Nutrition Assessment; Nutrition Therapy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28173948
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.01.002 -
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition... Mar 2018Disruption of metabolic homeostasis is universal in the critically ill. Macronutrients and micronutrients are major environmental regulators of metabolite production... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Disruption of metabolic homeostasis is universal in the critically ill. Macronutrients and micronutrients are major environmental regulators of metabolite production through their gene regulation effects. The study of large numbers of circulating metabolites is beginning to emerge through the comprehensive profiling of the critically ill. In the critically ill, metabolomic studies consistently show that changes in fatty acids, lipids and tryptophan metabolite pathways are common and are associated with disease state and outcomes.
RECENT FINDINGS
Metabolomics is now being applied in research studies to determine the critical illness response to nutrient deficiency and delivery. Nutritional metabolomics approaches in nutrient deficiency, malnutrition and nutrient delivery have included single time point studies and dynamic studies of critically ill patients over time. Integration of metabolomics and clinical outcome data may create a more complete understanding of the control of metabolism in critical illness.
SUMMARY
The integration of metabolomic profiling with transcription and genomic data may allow for a unique window into the mechanism of how nutrient deficiency and delivery alters cellular homeostasis during critical illness and modulates the regain of cellular homeostasis during recovery. The progress and the challenges of the study of nutritional metabolomics are reviewed here.
Topics: Critical Illness; Humans; Malnutrition; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Transcriptome
PubMed: 29251691
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000451 -
Nutrition in Clinical Practice :... Feb 2022Professionals responsible for the nutrition care of hospitalized patients should understand the prevalence of malnutrition, how to accurately and consistently identify... (Review)
Review
Professionals responsible for the nutrition care of hospitalized patients should understand the prevalence of malnutrition, how to accurately and consistently identify and communicate a diagnosis of malnutrition in the medical record, and the sophisticated payment systems used to reimburse hospitals for patient care. Insight into healthcare payment systems and the requirements for clarity, consistency, and accuracy can improve identification, coding, and billing for malnutrition. Hospitals receive reimbursement for services based on anticipated costs for diagnosis-based groups, and documenting the presence of a comorbidity, such as malnutrition, can increase the payment for a diagnosis. It is important to accurately document not only the supporting criteria used to diagnose malnutrition, but also the interventions used to address it during a patient's stay.
Topics: Comorbidity; Hospitals; Humans; Malnutrition; Medical Records
PubMed: 34587310
DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10779 -
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition... Jan 2015Malnutrition in the nursing home is increasingly recognized as a major international research priority, given the expanding geriatric populations, serious consequences,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Malnutrition in the nursing home is increasingly recognized as a major international research priority, given the expanding geriatric populations, serious consequences, and challenges conducting research in nursing homes. This review examines the recent literature and suggests implications for research and practice.
RECENT FINDINGS
Across the recent studies, approximately 20% of nursing home residents had some form of malnutrition. However, malnutrition definitions were variable and prevalence ranged from 1.5 to 66.5%. Depression, cognitive impairment, functional impairment, and swallowing difficulty were consistently associated with malnutrition. Mortality was the major consequence of malnutrition among nursing home residents, whereas higher BMIs had lower risks of mortality. Beneficial interventions to reduce malnutrition in the nursing home included dietary supplements, greater resident role in food choice, and staff training programs.
SUMMARY
To truly tackle the issue of malnutrition in the nursing home setting, a consistent definition is needed. We strongly recommend that an expert consensus panel identify a standard set of measures to more accurately compare the prevalence across countries. Given the mortality consequences of malnutrition and the paucity of intervention studies, research on interventions for malnutrition in the nursing home needs to be a higher priority for facilities, researchers, and funding agencies.
Topics: Aged; Geriatric Assessment; Homes for the Aged; Humans; Malnutrition; Nursing Homes; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 25394167
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000130 -
Nutrition in Clinical Practice :... Feb 2022Despite the prevalence of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) in acute-care hospitals and long-term care centers, a national and global consensus on nutrition screening... (Review)
Review
Despite the prevalence of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) in acute-care hospitals and long-term care centers, a national and global consensus on nutrition screening and malnutrition diagnosis is lacking. PCM is associated with various acute and chronic complications, such as impaired wound healing, increased risk for infection, debility, and increased risk for rehospitalization. The consequences of PCM are also incredibly costly to both the patient and the healthcare facility. The purpose of this paper is to identify nutrition screening tools and malnutrition diagnosis tools currently being utilized in acute-care healthcare centers across the United States.
Topics: Humans; Malnutrition; Mass Screening; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; United States
PubMed: 34897800
DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10801 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Nov 2022Nutritional management for children with neurodisability can be challenging and there are an increasing number of children at risk of malnutrition. Management involves... (Review)
Review
Nutritional management for children with neurodisability can be challenging and there are an increasing number of children at risk of malnutrition. Management involves healthcare professionals in community and hospital working together with the family with the aim of optimising nutrition and quality of life. Feeding difficulties can be the result of physical causes like lack of oromotor coordination, discomfort associated with reflux oesophagitis or gastrointestinal dysmotility. Non-physical causes include parental/professional views towards feeding, altered perception of pain and discomfort, extreme sensitivity to certain textures and rigidity of feeding schedule associated with artificial feeding. Estimating nutritional needs can be difficult and is affected by comorbidities including epilepsy and abnormal movements, severity of disability and mobility. Defining malnutrition is difficult as children with neurodisability reflect a wide spectrum with disparate growth patterns and body composition and auxology is less reliable and less reproducible. Management involves selecting the type and method of feeding best suited for the patient. As artificial feeding can place a significant burden of care any decision-making should be, as much as possible, in concurrence with the family. Symptom management sometimes requires pharmacological interventions, but polypharmacy is best avoided. The article aims to discuss the pathways of identifying children at risk of malnutrition and available management options with a strong emphasis on working as a clinical team with the child and family.
Topics: Child; Humans; Quality of Life; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Parents; Body Composition
PubMed: 35105542
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322102 -
British Journal of Community Nursing Oct 2014
Topics: Community Health Nursing; Humans; Malnutrition; Nutrition Assessment; United Kingdom
PubMed: 25381926
DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2014.19.Sup11.S5