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Nursing Children and Young People Mar 2023Malnutrition can be defined as 'a state in which a deficiency of nutrients such as energy, protein, vitamins and minerals cause measurable adverse effects on body...
Malnutrition can be defined as 'a state in which a deficiency of nutrients such as energy, protein, vitamins and minerals cause measurable adverse effects on body composition, function or clinical outcome'. Identification of malnutrition in children, therefore, requires an understanding of their growth. Faltering growth is the failure to achieve the expected rate of weight gain, linear and brain growth at a normal rate for age, which is a known consequence of inadequate nutrition. There are many medical, social and behavioural factors that can place a child at risk of malnutrition and faltering growth. This article examines malnutrition and faltering growth in children. It discusses monitoring and measurement of child growth, the aetiology and consequences of malnutrition, some risk factors and malnutrition screening. The article also considers some prevention strategies and the role of the nurse in the prevention of malnutrition.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Adolescent; Malnutrition; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36124701
DOI: 10.7748/ncyp.2022.e1436 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Sep 2022In industrialized countries, nutritional dermatoses are likely underdiagnosed and result in increased disease morbidity and utilization of hospital resources. These... (Review)
Review
In industrialized countries, nutritional dermatoses are likely underdiagnosed and result in increased disease morbidity and utilization of hospital resources. These findings underscore the need for physicians to be able to correctly identify these deficiencies. Nutritional dermatoses may be split into micronutrient deficiencies and macronutrient deficiencies. This article is intended to serve as a supplement to a 2-part review of micronutrient deficiency dermatoses and highlights cutaneous findings in patients with protein-energy malnutrition and essential fatty acid deficiency. This article reviews the evaluation, cutaneous manifestations, and management of macronutrient deficiencies.
Topics: Dietary Supplements; Humans; Malnutrition; Micronutrients; Nutrients; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 35427683
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.04.007 -
The American Journal of Medicine Dec 2017Nosocomial malnutrition in hospitalized adults is a morbid, costly, and potentially preventable and treatable problem. Although recognized as contributing to many... (Review)
Review
Nosocomial malnutrition in hospitalized adults is a morbid, costly, and potentially preventable and treatable problem. Although recognized as contributing to many serious complications of hospitalization, malnutrition is often missed when present on admission and rarely diagnosed if it occurs during hospital stay. Many routine clinical practices such as holding nutrition for testing or failing to address poor intake, when added to acute inflammatory disease states, cause rapid deterioration in nutritional status in up to 70% of inpatients. Malnutrition during hospitalization is associated with increased mortality for years after discharge. In addition, unrecognized (and under-coded) malnutrition is associated with potential lost revenues for hospital systems. Low-cost interventions of recognizing at-risk patients and providing adequate nutrition have the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce health care costs. Physicians must champion implementation of these interventions, using guidance from national organizations.
Topics: Hospitalization; Humans; Malnutrition
PubMed: 28843651
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.07.034 -
Nutrients Jul 2022Malnutrition in older adults impacts health status, increased mortality, and morbidity. Malnutrition may increase the development of geriatric syndromes and contribute... (Review)
Review
Malnutrition in older adults impacts health status, increased mortality, and morbidity. Malnutrition may increase the development of geriatric syndromes and contribute to a higher prevalence of falls and osteoporotic fractures that lead to loss of independence and an increased rate of institutionalization. The role of malnutrition in the pathogenesis of other geriatric syndromes seems to be well established. However, the data concerning nutritional interventions are confounding. Moreover, long-term undernutrition seems to be one of the factors that strongly influences the efficacy of interventions. This review outlines the current literature on this topic, and aims to guide physicians to make proper decisions to prevent the vicious cycle of falls, fractures, and their negative outcomes in patients with malnutrition.
Topics: Aged; Fractures, Bone; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Institutionalization; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Prevalence; Syndrome
PubMed: 35956299
DOI: 10.3390/nu14153123 -
Journal of Renal Nutrition : the... Nov 2023Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is a key cause of functional impairment and poor health outcomes in people with chronic kidney disease. While PEW can be mitigated with... (Review)
Review
Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is a key cause of functional impairment and poor health outcomes in people with chronic kidney disease. While PEW can be mitigated with nutrition therapy, it is a complex myriad of disorders with numerous interacting etiologies and corresponding presentations, which make it difficult to diagnose and manage in practice. A variety of scoring rubrics have been developed to facilitate malnutrition assessment. Although these tools have greatly benefited the recognition and treatment of PEW, the typical format of grading specified PEW indicators has the potential to overlook or overstate highly relevant individual-specific factors. This review presents a simple framework for malnutrition assessment that can be used to complement and evaluate conventional assessment tools. Unlike standard tools, which are designed to identify and rate malnutrition risk and severity, the malnutrition framework is conceptual model that organizes PEW assessment into three distinct, but interacting facets of PEW risk: nutrient balance, nutrition status, and malnutrition risk. The new framework encourages critical thinking about PEW risk that may help clinicians plan and interpret assessments to efficiently and effectively manage this condition.
Topics: Humans; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Cachexia; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 37116625
DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.04.002 -
Clinical Lung Cancer Jul 2021Lung cancer (LC) represents the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm worldwide for both sexes and is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Malnutrition is a comorbidity... (Review)
Review
Lung cancer (LC) represents the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm worldwide for both sexes and is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Malnutrition is a comorbidity frequently found in neoplastic patients, but it remains often underestimated and thus undertreated. In this review, we aimed to investigate the incidence of malnutrition among LC patients according to different screening and assessment tools, to evaluate the impact of weight loss and body composition on survival, and to analyze the efficacy of different nutritional interventions in this setting. Although malnutrition, weight loss, and body composition changes can affect survival and other clinical outcomes in LC patients, the role of nutritional interventions is not yet strongly proven, and further studies are recommended. Nevertheless, screening, assessing, and eventually treating malnutrition in LC patients are strongly recommended, according to the most recent nutritional intervention guidelines for oncology patients.
Topics: Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Malnutrition; Mass Screening; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Support; Survival
PubMed: 33303399
DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2020.10.008 -
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology... Nov 2017Malnutrition contributes significantly to death and illness worldwide and especially to the deaths of children younger than 5 years. The relation between intestinal... (Review)
Review
Malnutrition contributes significantly to death and illness worldwide and especially to the deaths of children younger than 5 years. The relation between intestinal changes in malnutrition and morbidity and mortality has not been well characterized; however, recent research indicates that the functional and morphologic changes of the intestine secondary to malnutrition itself contribute significantly to these negative clinical outcomes and may be potent targets of intervention. The aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge of experimental and clinically observed changes in the intestine from malnutrition preclinical models and human studies. Limited clinical studies have shown villous blunting, intestinal inflammation, and changes in the intestinal microbiome of malnourished children. In addition to these findings, experimental data using various animal models of malnutrition have found evidence of increased intestinal permeability, upregulated intestinal inflammation, and loss of goblet cells. More mechanistic studies are urgently needed to improve our understanding of malnutrition-related intestinal dysfunction and to identify potential novel targets for intervention.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammation; Intestines; Malnutrition
PubMed: 28489672
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001629 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jul 2023This communication discusses the concept of hidden hunger, or micro- nutrient deficiency, and its link with diabetes care. It provides simple tools to help diabetes care...
This communication discusses the concept of hidden hunger, or micro- nutrient deficiency, and its link with diabetes care. It provides simple tools to help diabetes care providers suspect and identify micronutrient deficiency in their clinic. The authors highlight the need to tackle the third frontier of malnutrition - micronutrient deficiency, and add a third component -electrolyte and fluid balance, to the definition of hidden hunger.
Topics: Humans; Hunger; Micronutrients; Malnutrition; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37469079
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.23-49 -
The Journal of Arthroplasty Aug 2016Patient optimization is receiving increasing attention as outcomes monitoring and bundled payments have been introduced in joint arthroplasty. Optimization of nutrition... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Patient optimization is receiving increasing attention as outcomes monitoring and bundled payments have been introduced in joint arthroplasty. Optimization of nutrition is an important aspect of perioperative management.
METHODS
This manuscript is a review of previously published material related to nutrition and the impact of malnutrition on surgical outcomes, with guidance for surgeons preparing patients for elective joint arthroplasty.
RESULTS
Patients with optimized nutritional parameters have fewer complications, especially related to wound healing and infection.
CONCLUSION
Nutritional assessment and optimization should be a part of the perioperative management of patients undergoing lower extremity arthroplasty.
Topics: Arthroplasty, Replacement; Elective Surgical Procedures; Humans; Joint Diseases; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Postoperative Complications; Wound Healing
PubMed: 27118349
DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2016.03.027 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Aug 2018This review, intended for both researchers and clinicians, provides a history of the definition of clinical malnutrition. Despite global efforts, we remain without one... (Review)
Review
This review, intended for both researchers and clinicians, provides a history of the definition of clinical malnutrition. Despite global efforts, we remain without one clear, objective, internationally accepted definition; clarity in this regard will ultimately improve our evaluation and monitoring of nutritional status to achieve optimal patient outcomes. In this review we explore the development of the term malnutrition and its diagnosis and application in the setting of acute and chronic disease. We begin in the second century A.D. with the work of the Greek physician Galen who is credited as the first to apply the term marasmus to characterize three categories of malnutrition, which are surprisingly similar to components of current international definitions. We then highlight significant developments over the next 2000 years culminating in our current application of the clinical diagnosis of malnutrition. A perspective on historical practices may inform current efforts toward a global definition and diagnosis of malnutrition.
Topics: Consensus; Diffusion of Innovation; Forecasting; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Humans; Malnutrition; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Sciences; Nutritional Status; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 29908677
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.05.006