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Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Jun 2018Although screening mammography has delivered many benefits since its introduction in Canada in 1988, questions about perceived harms warrant an up-to-date review. To... (Review)
Review
Although screening mammography has delivered many benefits since its introduction in Canada in 1988, questions about perceived harms warrant an up-to-date review. To help oncologists and physicians provide optimal patient recommendations, the literature was reviewed to find the latest guidelines for screening mammography, including benefits and perceived harms of overdiagnosis, false positives, false negatives, and technologic advances. For women 40-74 years of age who actually participate in screening every 1-2 years, breast cancer mortality is reduced by 40%. With appropriate corrections, overdiagnosis accounts for 10% or fewer breast cancers. False positives occur in about 10% of screened women, 80% of which are resolved with additional imaging, and 10%, with breast biopsy. An important limitation of screening is the false negatives (15%-20%). The technologic advances of digital breast tomosynthesis, breast ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging counter the false negatives of screening mammography, particularly in women with dense breast tissue.
Topics: Biopsy; Breast Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; False Positive Reactions; Female; History, 21st Century; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mammography; Mass Screening; Medical Oncology; Ultrasonography, Mammary
PubMed: 29910654
DOI: 10.3747/co.25.3770 -
La Tunisie Medicale Jan 2020To report the conlcusions of articles and reviews assessing the benefit and harms of breast cancer screening in the world and in Tunisia. (Review)
Review
AIM
To report the conlcusions of articles and reviews assessing the benefit and harms of breast cancer screening in the world and in Tunisia.
METHODS
This is a review of articles searched through specialized medical data bases (Pubmud, Science Direct) using the following key-words: Dépistage / Screening,Cancer du sein/ Breast Cancer, Surdiagnostic/ Overdiagnosis,Mammographie/ Mammography,Controverse/ controversy,Tumeur in Situ/ In Situ Tumour.
RESULTS
We reviewed 36 articles published between 2001 and 2018 assessing the benefit of breast cancer screening. The mortality reduction due to breast cancer screening is estimated between 15-30% by the randomized trials. However, overdiagnosis is estimated between 0-50%.
CONCLUSION
Breast cancer screening has been useful in the fight against cancer. In the era of innovative and efficient therapies, breast cancer screening remains controversial due to the potential overdiagnosis. However, this concept still need to be defined more precisely and estimated more accuratly.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Mammography; Mass Screening; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tunisia
PubMed: 32395774
DOI: No ID Found -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Oct 2015Cancer screening has long been an important component of the struggle to reduce the burden of morbidity and mortality from cancer. Notwithstanding this history, many... (Review)
Review
Cancer screening has long been an important component of the struggle to reduce the burden of morbidity and mortality from cancer. Notwithstanding this history, many aspects of cancer screening remain poorly understood. This article presents a summary of basic principles of cancer screening that are relevant for researchers, clinicians, and public health officials alike.
Topics: Canada; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Early Detection of Cancer; False Positive Reactions; Humans; Mass Screening; Neoplasms; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity; United States
PubMed: 26315516
DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2015.05.009 -
JAMA Dec 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Postpartum Period; Prenatal Care; Mass Screening
PubMed: 38010647
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.21311 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Jul 2016This paper addresses if and how a periodic health examination to screen for risk factors for injury can be used to mitigate injury risk. The key question asked is... (Review)
Review
This paper addresses if and how a periodic health examination to screen for risk factors for injury can be used to mitigate injury risk. The key question asked is whether it is possible to use screening tests to identify who is at risk for a sports injury-in order to address the deficit through a targeted intervention programme. The paper demonstrates that to validate a screening test to predict and prevent sports injuries, at least 3 steps are needed. First, a strong relationship needs to be demonstrated in prospective studies between a marker from a screening test and injury risk (step 1). Second, the test properties need to be examined in relevant populations, using appropriate statistical tools (step 2). Unfortunately, there is currently no example of a screening test for sports injuries with adequate test properties. Given the nature of potential screening tests (where test performance is usually measured on a continuous scale from low to high), substantial overlap is to be expected between players with high and low risk of injury. Therefore, although there are a number of tests demonstrating a statistically significant association with injury risk, and therefore help the understanding of causative factors, such tests are unlikely to be able to predict injury with sufficient accuracy. The final step needed is to document that an intervention programme targeting athletes identified as being at high risk through a screening programme is more beneficial than the same intervention programme given to all athletes (step 3). To date, there is no intervention study providing support for screening for injury risk.
Topics: Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Humans; Mass Screening; Risk Factors
PubMed: 27095747
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096256 -
Psychiatry Research Apr 2019The Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) is a brief, valid, and reliable international instrument for assessing mental health in adults. The aim of the present study is to...
The Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) is a brief, valid, and reliable international instrument for assessing mental health in adults. The aim of the present study is to examine the psychometric properties of the MHI-5 in children and adolescents. A sample of 595 students (10-15 years old) completed the MHI-5 Spanish version adapted for this study, as well as another measure of anxiety and depression symptoms, and a clinical interview as a gold standard. The overall coefficient obtained indicate good internal consistency. A unique factor solution explaining a 53.70% and a two-factor structure explaining 69.20% of the total variance were obtained. The correlations with total and subscale scores of anxiety and depression were significant. A ROC analysis showed good properties as a screening test to predict anxiety and depressive diagnoses in children and adolescents. The Revised MHI-5 presents two essential changes: a simplified 4-point response format and a new factor solution including distress and well-being. These outcomes show that the Revised MHI-5 is a brief, valid, and reliable measure to bidimensionally assess mental health and screening emotional disorders in children and adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Mental Health; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Spain; Students
PubMed: 30818147
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.045 -
Primary Care Mar 2021The initial assessment of immigrant and refugee patients, including which health concerns to address and which infectious diseases may benefit from early screening, may... (Review)
Review
The initial assessment of immigrant and refugee patients, including which health concerns to address and which infectious diseases may benefit from early screening, may present challenges to clinicians. Evidence-based research suggests certain infectious diseases should be screened for and treated in refugees. Overseas refugee preemptive treatment programs have reduced the burden of some diseases but have not removed the value of in-country screening programs. This article provides discussion of a series of common tropical and infectious diseases providing refugee and geographic contexts and links to international resources that have been developed to improve the care of newly arriving immigrants and refugees.
Topics: Communicable Diseases; Emigrants and Immigrants; Humans; Mass Screening; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Refugees; United States
PubMed: 33516423
DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2020.11.002 -
Oncology Research and Treatment 2018
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Decision Making; Germany; Health Policy; Humans; Mass Screening; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms
PubMed: 30056448
DOI: 10.1159/000491683 -
The American Journal of the Medical... Nov 2016The primary goal of cancer screening is to reduce cancer-related mortality without incurring significant harm. Screening efforts for solid tumors, therefore, have... (Review)
Review
The primary goal of cancer screening is to reduce cancer-related mortality without incurring significant harm. Screening efforts for solid tumors, therefore, have targeted the precursors of the most common and the most deadly cancers-breast, cervical, colorectal, lung and prostate cancer. Balancing risk and benefit has led to controversy regarding the timing of cancer screening-when to begin, how often to screen and when to stop-and the nature of the modality of cancer screening-invasive or noninvasive, laboratory-centered or imaging-centered. Evidence-based guidelines published by general medical societies, subspecialty societies and publicly funded task forces on population-based screening aid healthcare providers in making individualized decisions with their patients.
Topics: Humans; Mass Screening; Neoplasms
PubMed: 27865297
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.06.001 -
Clinics in Geriatric Medicine Feb 2019Elder abuse is generally defined as the maltreatment of individuals over the age of 60, although no precise definition exists in the literature. Types of abuse include,... (Review)
Review
Elder abuse is generally defined as the maltreatment of individuals over the age of 60, although no precise definition exists in the literature. Types of abuse include, but are not limited to, psychological/emotional, physical, sexual abuse, and financial exploitation. Certain risk factors exist leaving an individual more susceptible to abuse, and many obstacles exist preventing the elimination of abuse. There are also identifiable risk factors that increase the likelihood of perpetration of abuse. This systematic review provides an overview of the scope of the problem, types of abuse, risk factors, characteristics of abusers, and key aspects of elder abuse prevention.
Topics: Aged; Elder Abuse; Humans; Mass Screening; Quality Improvement; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30390976
DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2018.08.009