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Seminars in Oncology Nursing May 2017To present an overview of current practices in the screening and early detection of gastrointestinal cancers. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To present an overview of current practices in the screening and early detection of gastrointestinal cancers.
DATA SOURCES
Literature reviews.
CONCLUSION
Screening for gastrointestinal cancers is less than desirable, particularly in underserved populations. There are inadequate methods of screening for early detection of esophageal and gastric cancers.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
Education of patients is needed to reinforce the importance of screening for gastrointestinal cancers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Nurse's Role; Oncology Nursing
PubMed: 28343837
DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2017.02.004 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2018In this chapter, the nuance of body temperature is explored in the context of contemporary clinical medicine and technology. It takes the reader through the concept of... (Review)
Review
In this chapter, the nuance of body temperature is explored in the context of contemporary clinical medicine and technology. It takes the reader through the concept of body and shell as a route to explain the variety of temperature measurements that are observed in health and disease and the interdependence between skin and core temperature in maintaining thermal stability and thermal comfort perception. Methods for the measurement of temperature using different thermometer devices are discussed from the perspective of fundamental clinical assessment and vital signs, temperature monitoring and measurement for life-critical decision making, thermometry in mass screening, and to the future with advances in thermometry and thermography in new applications for diagnosis.
Topics: Adult; Body Temperature; Clinical Decision-Making; Female; Fever; Humans; Infrared Rays; Male; Mass Screening; Skin; Thermography; Thermometry
PubMed: 30459021
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64074-1.00029-X -
Revue Medicale Suisse Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Mass Screening; Adult; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 38665110
DOI: 10.53738/REVMED.2024.20.871.859 -
Internal and Emergency Medicine Aug 2021Despite considerable improvement in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge and treatment in the last 3 decades, the overall number of people living with HIV... (Review)
Review
Despite considerable improvement in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge and treatment in the last 3 decades, the overall number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) is still rising with up to one quarter being unaware of their HIV status. Early HIV diagnosis and treatment prolongs life, reduces transmission, improves quality of life, and is a cost-effective public health intervention. The emergency department (ED) sees a large number of patients from marginalized and traditionally underserved populations in whom HIV is known to be more prevalent and who may not attend traditional services because of either cultural reasons or because of a chaotic lifestyle. This article discusses the two main approaches to screening; 'Opt-out' screening offers testing routinely in all clinical settings, and 'Targeted' screening offers testing to individuals presenting with indicator conditions. There are many studies of 'Opt-out' ED HIV screening in urban areas of high-HIV prevalence. However, little is known about the effectiveness of 'targeted' HIV screening, especially in areas of low prevalence. This review discusses the background to HIV screening in the ED and reviews the evidence around 'targeted' HIV screening in adult EDs in different HIV prevalence settings, concluding that targeted HIV screening at the ED can be impactful, cost-effective, and well accepted in the ED population, but its long-term implementation requires extra funding and increased staffing resource limiting its application in low resource setting. Despite most evidence being from areas of high-HIV prevalence, targeted screening might also be appropriate in low-HIV prevalence areas.
Topics: Emergency Service, Hospital; HIV Infections; Humans; Mass Screening; Prevalence; Public Opinion
PubMed: 33550535
DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02648-5 -
Seminars in Oncology Nursing May 2017To review current risk factors for lung cancer, identify screening and early detection guidelines while describing new approaches that use genomic technologies. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review current risk factors for lung cancer, identify screening and early detection guidelines while describing new approaches that use genomic technologies.
DATA SOURCES
Published scientific literature, clinical literature, and published lung cancer screening guidelines from the United States and Canada.
CONCLUSION
Nurses are caring for lung cancer patients who, historically, do not live for long periods after diagnosis. Research is revealing promising screening methodologies that can detect lung cancer 1 to 4 years earlier than the current approaches.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
Current knowledge about screening for lung cancer is a vital tool for nurses working with persons at high risk for this potentially aggressive and life-threatening malignancy. While old methods remain the standard of care, new detection methods use a variety of genomic-based technologies. These developing approaches emphasize the need for nurses at all levels of practice to have a working knowledge of genetics to educate patients and conference with colleagues.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Canada; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Nurse's Role; Risk Factors; United States
PubMed: 28390841
DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2017.03.001 -
The Lancet. Psychiatry Feb 2022
Topics: Adolescent; Child; China; Depression; Humans; Mass Screening
PubMed: 35065719
DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00479-X -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Jul 2020Thyroid disease can significantly impact the pregnant woman and her child. Human and animal studies have firmly linked overt hypothyroidism and overt hyperthyroidism to... (Review)
Review
Thyroid disease can significantly impact the pregnant woman and her child. Human and animal studies have firmly linked overt hypothyroidism and overt hyperthyroidism to miscarriage, preterm delivery and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Overt hypothyroidism and overt hyperthyroidism affect 1% of all pregnancies. Treatment is widely available, and if detected early, results in decreased rates of adverse outcomes. Universal screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy can identify patients with thyroid disease requiring treatment, and ultimately decrease rates of complications. Universal screening is cost-effective compared to the currently accepted practice of targeted screening and may even be cost-saving in some healthcare systems. Targeted screening, which is recommended by most professional associations, fails to detect a large proportion of pregnant women with thyroid disease. In fact, an increasing number of providers are performing universal screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy, contrary to society guidelines. Limited evidence concerning the impact of untreated and treated subclinical disease and thyroid autoimmunity has distracted from the core rationale for universal screening - the beneficial impact of detecting and treating overt thyroid disease. Evidence supporting universal screening for overt disease stands independently from that of subclinical and autoimmune disease. The time to initiate universal screening is now.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mass Screening; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Prenatal Diagnosis; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Function Tests
PubMed: 31530447
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101320 -
Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi = Chinese... Nov 2020Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world. The five-year survival rate is 19.7%, which seriously threatens human health. Lung cancer screening is an... (Review)
Review
Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world. The five-year survival rate is 19.7%, which seriously threatens human health. Lung cancer screening is an effective measure to reduce lung cancer mortality. Existing studies have shown that screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) can reduce lung cancer deaths by 20%. Currently, lung cancer screening is recommended internationally and nationally. Studying the development status of lung cancer screening helps us to identify the high-risk groups of lung cancer, explore reasonable screening programs, improve the cost-effectiveness of screening and reduce the economic burden. Therefore, this article summarizes the current status of lung cancer screening, the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening and the existing problems as follows. .
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mass Screening; Risk Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32819054
DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.101.37 -
Journal of Forensic Nursing 2017Child abuse and neglect occur in epidemic numbers in the United States and around the world, resulting in major physical and mental health consequences for abused... (Review)
Review
Child abuse and neglect occur in epidemic numbers in the United States and around the world, resulting in major physical and mental health consequences for abused children in the present and future. A vast amount of information is available on the signs and symptoms and short- and long-term consequences of abuse. A limited number of instruments have been empirically developed to screen for child abuse, with most focused on physical abuse in the context of the emergency department, which have been found to be minimally effective and lacking rigor. This literature review focuses on physical, sexual, and psychological abuse and neglect, occurring in one or multiple forms (polyabuse). A systematic, in-depth analysis of the literature was conducted. This literature review provides information for identifying children who have been abused and neglected but exposes the need for a comprehensive screening instrument or protocol that will capture all forms of child abuse and neglect. Screening needs to be succinct, user-friendly, and amenable for use with children at every point of care in the healthcare system.
Topics: Algorithms; Child; Child Abuse; Humans; Mass Screening; Physical Examination
PubMed: 28212197
DOI: 10.1097/JFN.0000000000000136 -
Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics Mar 2021Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major, preventable cause of stroke, whose prevalence is increasing with the aging of the population. There are safe and effective... (Review)
Review
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major, preventable cause of stroke, whose prevalence is increasing with the aging of the population. There are safe and effective anticoagulation therapies to prevent stroke and new technologies that can identify AF in asymptomatic individuals. Ongoing research will determine if AF screening is cost-effective and will define the best screening strategies. The effectiveness of AF screening can be enhanced by simultaneously screening for the cardiovascular conditions that predispose to the development and progression of AF and its complications. Future studies evaluating an integrated screening program on outcomes, health care utilization, and cost are needed.
Topics: Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Humans; Mass Screening; Middle Aged
PubMed: 33516401
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2020.10.009