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Missouri Medicine 2024The incidence of diabetes and hyperlipidemia are increasing at rapid rates in children. These conditions are associated with increased risk of macrovascular and... (Review)
Review
The incidence of diabetes and hyperlipidemia are increasing at rapid rates in children. These conditions are associated with increased risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications causing major morbidity and mortality later in life. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the lifelong risk of complications from these diseases, exemplifying the importance of screening in the pediatric population. The following article presents a summary of the current guidelines for diabetes and hyperlipidemia screening in pediatric patients.
Topics: Humans; Child; Dyslipidemias; Mass Screening; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus; Pediatrics; Hyperlipidemias; Adolescent
PubMed: 38854609
DOI: No ID Found -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Jul 2020Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy is strongly associated with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. The effects of treatment are less clear. There is ongoing discussion... (Review)
Review
Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy is strongly associated with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. The effects of treatment are less clear. There is ongoing discussion on whom to treat, when to treat and whether treatment is beneficial. Although universal screening for thyroid disease during pregnancy increases diagnosis and treatment of thyroid dysfunction, there is currently insufficient evidence demonstrating a positive effect of screening on maternal and foetal outcomes. We therefore, at present, recommend against universal screening for thyroid disease before and during pregnancy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Prevalence; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Function Tests
PubMed: 32622828
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101429 -
The British Journal of Radiology Oct 2018Health screening can only be applied to populations, not individuals. For it to be effective, the initial screening test must be acceptable and reasonably accurate, the...
Health screening can only be applied to populations, not individuals. For it to be effective, the initial screening test must be acceptable and reasonably accurate, the disease must be treatable with better outcomes when treated early and the harm and cost associated with screening must not outweigh its benefits. Robust evidence is therefore required before systematic screening is implemented. Surveillance implies the testing of people at high risk of disease and is therefore distinct from screening in both scale (smaller) and intensity (greater). In both cases, however, clear information must be provided to potential participants so that they can weigh up the balance of benefit and harm before deciding on whether or not to engage in the process.
Topics: Adult; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Humans; Mass Screening
PubMed: 29589964
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180200 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Aug 2019Since its original application, gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has undergone many innovative transformations aimed at expanding the scope, safety, accuracy,... (Review)
Review
Since its original application, gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has undergone many innovative transformations aimed at expanding the scope, safety, accuracy, acceptability and cost-effectiveness of this area of clinical practice. One method of achieving this has been to reduce the caliber of endoscopic devices. We propose the collective term "Miniature GI Endoscopy". In this Opinion Review, the innovations in this field are explored and discussed. The progress and clinical use of the three main areas of miniature GI endoscopy (ultrathin endoscopy, wireless endoscopy and scanning fiber endoscopy) are described. The opportunities presented by these technologies are set out in a clinical context, as are their current limitations. Many of the positive aspects of miniature endoscopy are clear, in that smaller devices provide access to potentially all of the alimentary canal, while conferring high patient acceptability. This must be balanced with the costs of new technologies and recognition of device specific challenges. Perspectives on future application are also considered and the efforts being made to bring new innovations to a clinical platform are outlined. Current devices demonstrate that miniature GI endoscopy has a valuable place in investigation of symptoms, therapeutic intervention and screening. Newer technologies give promise that the potential for enhancing the investigation and management of GI complaints is significant.
Topics: Biomedical Technology; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Equipment Design; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Inventions; Mass Screening; Miniaturization
PubMed: 31435163
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4051 -
Health Informatics Journal Dec 2019Autism spectrum disorder is associated with significant healthcare costs, and early diagnosis can substantially reduce these. Unfortunately, waiting times for an autism... (Review)
Review
Autism spectrum disorder is associated with significant healthcare costs, and early diagnosis can substantially reduce these. Unfortunately, waiting times for an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis are lengthy due to the fact that current diagnostic procedures are time-consuming and not cost-effective. Overall, the economic impact of autism and the increase in the number of autism spectrum disorder cases across the world reveal an urgent need for the development of easily implemented and effective screening methods. This article proposes a new mobile application to overcome the problem by offering users and the health community a friendly, time-efficient and accessible mobile-based autism spectrum disorder screening tool called ASDTests. The proposed ASDTests app can be used by health professionals to assist their practice or to inform individuals whether they should pursue formal clinical diagnosis. Unlike existing autism screening apps being tested, the proposed app covers a larger audience since it contains four different tests, one each for toddlers, children, adolescents and adults as well as being available in 11 different languages. More importantly, the proposed app is a vital tool for data collection related to autism spectrum disorder for toddlers, children, adolescent and adults since initially over 1400 instances of cases and controls have been collected. Feature and predictive analyses demonstrate small groups of autistic traits improving the efficiency and accuracy of screening processes. In addition, classifiers derived using machine learning algorithms report promising results with respect to sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates.
Topics: Autistic Disorder; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Machine Learning; Mass Screening; Mobile Applications
PubMed: 30230414
DOI: 10.1177/1460458218796636 -
JACC. Heart Failure May 2024
Topics: Humans; Dementia; Mass Screening; Aged
PubMed: 38719384
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2024.03.002 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2019This review states the reasons for considering screening for intracranial aneurysms in Denmark: if patients have two first-degree relatives with intracranial aneurysms,... (Review)
Review
This review states the reasons for considering screening for intracranial aneurysms in Denmark: if patients have two first-degree relatives with intracranial aneurysms, are 30-70 years old, do not have competing disorders, which could significantly shorten life expectancy, and subsequently in patients with autosomal dominant kidney disease and a family history of subarachnoid haemorrhage. MR angiography should be the imaging study of choice, unless contraindicated. Generally, the ethical consequences ought to be considered before carrying out screening.
Topics: Denmark; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Mass Screening; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30618370
DOI: No ID Found -
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Jan 2015This article summarizes great efforts that Chinese scholars had made in fighting against cervical cancer from aspects of the epidemiology, etiology, population-based... (Review)
Review
This article summarizes great efforts that Chinese scholars had made in fighting against cervical cancer from aspects of the epidemiology, etiology, population-based screening studies, novel screening technology development, guideline, strategy and policy making and population delivery. After decades of continuous efforts, Chinese scientists successfully translated their scientific discovery to appropriate screening product development and eventually, delivered it to the whole population. We hope our experience could serve as a 'case-story' for cancer prevention in other low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, challenges confronted in the prevention and control of cervical cancer in China are reviewed as well to appeal for future multi-collaborations and potential solutions to acquire the final success of the campaign.
Topics: China; Developing Countries; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 25398583
DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyu188 -
The National Medical Journal of India 2016Healthcare provider institutions in India now offer structured health check-up 'packages' for routine screening of common diseases. While some tests included within... (Review)
Review
Healthcare provider institutions in India now offer structured health check-up 'packages' for routine screening of common diseases. While some tests included within their ambit are in keeping with international and Indian recommendations, some are entirely unwarranted. Unnecessary and inappropriate screening tests may cause more harm than benefit. Besides financial and resource burden, there may be over-diagnosis and over-treatment, psychological distress due to false-positive test results, harm from invasive follow-up tests, and false reassurance due to false-negative test results. Clinicians must ensure a net benefit from tests and interventions in order to efficiently deliver preventive services. We reviewed current screening guidelines for cardiovascular disease and common cancers, and surveyed multiple 'packages' provided at 8 centres in Mumbai, India. We put forth our recommendations for routine health screening in asymptomatic adults in India.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; India; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 27492031
DOI: 10.4103/0970-258x.186908 -
Medicina Clinica Feb 2017
Topics: Anxiety; Early Detection of Cancer; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Mass Screening; Medical Overuse; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Uncertainty
PubMed: 27989466
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.10.011