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International Journal of Nursing... Jan 2015This review examines women's risk perception of cervical cancer, the factors influencing this perception, and the relationship between risk perception of cervical cancer... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This review examines women's risk perception of cervical cancer, the factors influencing this perception, and the relationship between risk perception of cervical cancer and screening behavior.
METHODS
Integrative literature review method was used.
FINDINGS
The search procedure resulted in the identification of 42 studies, including 1 literature review and 41 primary studies. Trends and discrepancies in the literature are presented with interpretations and recommendations.
CONCLUSION
Existing theories of health behavior appear inadequate for understanding screening behavior, and further studies are recommended to enrich the knowledge base of nursing diagnoses in knowledge deficit and health-seeking behavior.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
Efforts would be made to improve nurses' understanding of risk perception of cervical cancer within specific cultural context.
Topics: Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Mass Screening; Risk Assessment; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 24673974
DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12028 -
The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics :... May 2020Testing asymptomatic individuals for unsuspected conditions is not new to the medical and public health communities. Protocols to develop screening tests are well... (Review)
Review
Testing asymptomatic individuals for unsuspected conditions is not new to the medical and public health communities. Protocols to develop screening tests are well established. However, the application of screening principles to inherited diseases presents unique challenges. Unlike most screening tests, the natural history and disease prevalence of most rare inherited diseases in an unselected population are unknown. It is difficult or impossible to obtain a truth set cohort for clinical validation studies. As a result, it is not possible to accurately calculate clinical positive and negative predictive values for likely pathogenic variants, which are commonly returned in genetic screening assays. In addition, many of the genetic conditions included in screening panels do not have clinical confirmatory tests. All these elements are typically required to justify the development of a screening test, according to the World Health Organization screening principles. Nevertheless, as the cost of DNA sequencing continues to fall, more individuals are opting to undergo genomic testing in the absence of a clinical indication. Despite the challenges, reasonable estimates can be deduced and used to inform test design strategies. Herein, we review basic test design principles and apply them to genetic screening.
Topics: Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Testing; Genetic Variation; Humans; Mass Screening; Research Design
PubMed: 32092541
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.01.014 -
Population Health Management Sep 2017Sexually Transmitted Infections: Compelling Case for an Improved Screening Strategy Stephen Hull, MHS, Seán Kelley, MD, MSc, and Janice L. Clarke, RN, BBA Editorial:... (Review)
Review
Sexually Transmitted Infections: Compelling Case for an Improved Screening Strategy Stephen Hull, MHS, Seán Kelley, MD, MSc, and Janice L. Clarke, RN, BBA Editorial: Sexually Transmitted Infections-A Fixable Problem: David B. Nash, MD, MBA S-3 Introduction S-3 Rising Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STIs) S-4 Current Screening Rates for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea S-4 The Human Toll and Economic Burden of STI-Related Illness S-5 Current Screening Guidelines for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea S-5 Factors Contributing to Inadequate Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment for STIs S-6 Methods Used to Improve Screening Rates S-7 Benefits of Opt-Out Screening Strategies for STIs S-8 Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for STIs S-8 Discussion S-9 Conclusion S-10.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Young Adult
PubMed: 28920768
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Medicine Jun 2019
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Humans; Mass Screening
PubMed: 30658086
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.12.027 -
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &... Dec 2017Mobile screening units (MSUs) provide cancer screening services outside of fixed clinical sites, thereby increasing access to early detection services. We conducted a... (Review)
Review
Mobile screening units (MSUs) provide cancer screening services outside of fixed clinical sites, thereby increasing access to early detection services. We conducted a systematic review of the performance of MSUs for the early detection of cancer. Databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WHO Global Health Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO) were searched up to July 2015. Studies describing screening for breast, cervical, and colon cancer using MSUs were included. Data were collected for operational aspects including the performance of exams, screening tests used, and outcomes of case detection. Of 268 identified studies, 78 were included. Studies investigated screening for cancers including breast ( = 55), cervical ( = 12), colon ( = 1), and multiphasic screening for multiple cancers ( = 10). The median number of screening exams performed per intervention was 1,767 (interquartile range 5,656-38,233). Programs operated in 20 countries, mostly in North America (36%) and Europe (36%); 52% served mixed rural/urban regions, while 35% and 13% served rural or urban regions, respectfully. We conclude that MSUs have served to expand access to screening in diverse contexts. However, further research on the implementation of MSUs in low-resource settings and health economic research on cost-effectiveness of MSUs compared with fixed clinics to inform policymakers is needed. .
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Mass Screening; Mobile Health Units; Neoplasms
PubMed: 28978564
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0454 -
BMC Public Health Jun 2017Systematic reviews of alcohol screening and brief interventions (ASBI) highlight the challenges of implementation in healthcare and community-based settings. Fewer... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Systematic reviews of alcohol screening and brief interventions (ASBI) highlight the challenges of implementation in healthcare and community-based settings. Fewer reviews have explored this through examination of qualitative literature and fewer still focus on interventions with younger people.
METHODS
This review aims to examine qualitative literature on the facilitators and barriers to implementation of ASBI both for adults and young people in healthcare and community-based settings. Searches using electronic data bases (Medline on Ovid SP, PsychInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science, and EMBASE), Google Scholar and citation searching were conducted, before analysis.
RESULTS
From a total of 239 papers searched and screened, 15 were included in the final review; these were selected based on richness of content and relevance to the review question. Implementation of ASBI is facilitated by increasing knowledge and skills with ongoing follow-up support, and clarity of the intervention. Barriers to implementation include attitudes towards alcohol use, lack of structural and organisational support, unclear role definition as to responsibility in addressing alcohol use, fears of damaging professional/ patient relationships, and competition with other pressing healthcare needs.
CONCLUSIONS
There remain significant barriers to implementation of ASBI among health and community-based professionals. Improving the way health service institutions respond to and co-ordinate alcohol services, including who is most appropriate to address alcohol use, would assist in better implementation of ASBI. Finally, a dearth of qualitative studies looking at alcohol intervention and implementation among young people was noted and suggests a need for further qualitative research.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Humans; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 28599632
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4476-4 -
Intensive & Critical Care Nursing Feb 2018Delirium is described as 'acute brain failure' and constitutes a medical emergency which presents a hazard for people cared for in intensive care units. The Scottish... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Delirium is described as 'acute brain failure' and constitutes a medical emergency which presents a hazard for people cared for in intensive care units. The Scottish intensive care society audit group recommend that all people cared for in intensive care units be screened for signs of delirium so that treatment and management of complications can be implemented at an early stage.
CLINICAL IMPLICATION
There is inconsistent evidence about when and how the assessment of delirium is carried out by nursing staff in the intensive care setting.
AIM
This narrative review explores the pathophysiology and current practices of delirium screening in intensive care. Consideration is given to the role of the nurse in detecting and managing delirium and some barriers to routine daily delirium screening are critically debated.
CONCLUSION
It is argued that routine delirium screening is an essential element of safe, effective and person centred nursing care which has potential to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Topics: Delirium; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Mass Screening; Scotland
PubMed: 28587754
DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2017.04.014 -
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2018to identify the lifetime use of alcohol and other drugs among users of the Family Health Strategy and apply Brief Intervention to problems related to the use of these...
OBJECTIVE
to identify the lifetime use of alcohol and other drugs among users of the Family Health Strategy and apply Brief Intervention to problems related to the use of these substances.
METHOD
a descriptive cross-sectional study where 1,031 users of the Family Health Strategy of the city of Rio de Janeiro answered a form with socio-demographic information and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Statistical analysis with simple frequency distribution was performed.
RESULTS
the most commonly used drugs in lifetime were alcohol and tobacco; among the illegal drugs, marijuana, hypnotics and cocaine/crack stood out. Those who received most Brief Intervention were users of tobacco, hypnotics, marijuana, cocaine/crack and alcohol.
CONCLUSION
it is important to detect early problems associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs in Primary Care, since it has the promotion/protection of health and the prevention of diseases as priority health practices.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Primary Health Care; Psychometrics; Social Class; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 30365792
DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0444 -
MCN. the American Journal of Maternal... 2015The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) are commonly used screening tools for developmental delay and autism,...
OBJECTIVE
The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) are commonly used screening tools for developmental delay and autism, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing 18-month developmental and autism screening by mail, with a standardized follow-up process for abnormal screen results.
METHODS
Within a prospective cohort study design, parents of 892 children received by mail the 18-month ASQ and M-CHAT questionnaires between December 2008 and September 2009. A registered nurse scored the questionnaires and, if needed, administered follow-up screening or set up a referral to Early Intervention or subspecialty pediatrics. Medical record reviews determined clinical outcomes of children who required intervention after initial screening through September 2010. Additionally, demographic factors were evaluated for association with responding to the questionnaires.
RESULTS
The ASQ and M-CHAT questionnaires were returned by 529 (59.3%) of the parents. Parents of White children (390/575 [67.8%]) and those with private insurance (457/660 [69.2%]) were significantly more likely to return screening questionnaires than parents of non-White (64/171 [37.4%]; P < .001) and government-insured children (58/169 [34.3%]; P < .001), respectively. Of the 529 children with returned surveys, 109 (20.6%) did not pass at least 1 of the initial screens and 12 (2.3%) were referred after not passing the follow-up screening process.
CONCLUSIONS
Developmental and autism screening by mail is not a sufficient method to comprehensively screen a general pediatric population. A nurse-completed, standardized follow-up process after an initial failed developmental screen may increase the yield of appropriate Early Intervention or subspecialty referrals.
Topics: Autistic Disorder; Checklist; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Prospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 26488856
DOI: 10.1097/NMC.0000000000000179 -
Missouri Medicine 2020Malignant colon and rectal disorders must be identified and treated. Timing and indication for diagnostic and screening colonoscopy are extremely important. A high index... (Review)
Review
Malignant colon and rectal disorders must be identified and treated. Timing and indication for diagnostic and screening colonoscopy are extremely important. A high index of suspicion to exclude malignancy is imperative. This paper will focus on the screening for and treatment of colorectal and anal cancers.
Topics: Colonoscopy; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Mass Screening; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 32848278
DOI: No ID Found