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International Journal of Food... Jun 2022Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a tool capable of simultaneously providing in situ untargeted chemical information as well as the spatial distribution of vast... (Review)
Review
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a tool capable of simultaneously providing in situ untargeted chemical information as well as the spatial distribution of vast molecular species with high efficiency. Over decades, this technique has been proven quite solid in many life science disciplines including microbiology, yet few food microbiologists have been using it. This review briefly introduces MSI technology and covers some interesting topics regarding sample preparations. Successful applications of MSI in disciplines similar to food microbiology will be described and perspectives of how MSI could benefit food microbiology and how it may be challenged will be given. This review aims to draw more attention from food microbiologists to this developing technology and subsequently inspire more actual applications.
Topics: Food Microbiology; Mass Spectrometry; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 35427956
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109675 -
Mass Spectrometry Reviews Mar 2023Glycosylation is an important posttranslational modifier of proteins and lipid conjugates critical for the stability and function of these macromolecules. Particularly... (Review)
Review
Glycosylation is an important posttranslational modifier of proteins and lipid conjugates critical for the stability and function of these macromolecules. Particularly important are N-linked glycans attached to asparagine residues in proteins. N-glycans have well-defined roles in protein folding, cellular trafficking and signal transduction, and alterations to them are implicated in a variety of diseases. However, the non-template driven biosynthesis of these N-glycans leads to significant structural diversity, making it challenging to identify the most biologically and clinically relevant species using conventional analyses. Advances in mass spectrometry instrumentation and data acquisition, as well as in enzymatic and chemical sample preparation strategies, have positioned mass spectrometry approaches as powerful analytical tools for the characterization of glycosylation in health and disease. Imaging mass spectrometry expands upon these strategies by capturing the spatial component of a glycan's distribution in-situ, lending additional insight into the organization and function of these molecules. Herein we review the ongoing evolution of glycan imaging mass spectrometry beginning with widely adopted tissue imaging approaches and expanding to other matrices and sample types with potential research and clinical implications. Adaptations of these techniques, along with their applications to various states of disease, are discussed. Collectively, glycan imaging mass spectrometry analyses broaden our understanding of the biological and clinical relevance of N-glycosylation to human disease.
Topics: Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Glycosylation; Polysaccharides; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 34392557
DOI: 10.1002/mas.21725 -
Proteomics Dec 2022Mass spectrometry (MS) is an information rich analytical technique and plays a key role in various 'omics studies. Standard mass spectrometers are bulky and operate at... (Review)
Review
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an information rich analytical technique and plays a key role in various 'omics studies. Standard mass spectrometers are bulky and operate at high vacuum, which hinder their adoption by the broader community and utility in field applications. Developing portable mass spectrometers can significantly expand the application scope and user groups of MS analysis. This review discusses the basics and recent advancements in the development of key components of portable mass spectrometers including ionization source, mass analyzer, detector, and vacuum system. Further, major areas where portable mass spectrometers are applied are also discussed. Finally, a perspective on the further development of portable mass spectrometers including the potential benefits for 'omics analysis is provided.
Topics: Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 36349734
DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200112 -
Mass Spectrometry Reviews Sep 2018Mass spectrometry is a highly complex analytical technique and mass spectrometry-based proteomics experiments can be subject to a large variability, which forms an... (Review)
Review
Mass spectrometry is a highly complex analytical technique and mass spectrometry-based proteomics experiments can be subject to a large variability, which forms an obstacle to obtaining accurate and reproducible results. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic approach to quality control is an essential requirement to inspire confidence in the generated results. A typical mass spectrometry experiment consists of multiple different phases including the sample preparation, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics stages. We review potential sources of variability that can impact the results of a mass spectrometry experiment occurring in all of these steps, and we discuss how to monitor and remedy the negative influences on the experimental results. Furthermore, we describe how specialized quality control samples of varying sample complexity can be incorporated into the experimental workflow and how they can be used to rigorously assess detailed aspects of the instrument performance.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Computational Biology; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Proteomics; Quality Control; Workflow
PubMed: 28802010
DOI: 10.1002/mas.21544 -
Chemical Reviews Apr 2022Nucleic acids have been among the first targets for antitumor drugs and antibiotics. With the unveiling of new biological roles in regulation of gene expression,... (Review)
Review
Nucleic acids have been among the first targets for antitumor drugs and antibiotics. With the unveiling of new biological roles in regulation of gene expression, specific DNA and RNA structures have become very attractive targets, especially when the corresponding proteins are undruggable. Biophysical assays to assess target structure as well as ligand binding stoichiometry, affinity, specificity, and binding modes are part of the drug development process. Mass spectrometry offers unique advantages as a biophysical method owing to its ability to distinguish each stoichiometry present in a mixture. In addition, advanced mass spectrometry approaches (reactive probing, fragmentation techniques, ion mobility spectrometry, ion spectroscopy) provide more detailed information on the complexes. Here, we review the fundamentals of mass spectrometry and all its particularities when studying noncovalent nucleic acid structures, and then review what has been learned thanks to mass spectrometry on nucleic acid structures, self-assemblies (e.g., duplexes or G-quadruplexes), and their complexes with ligands.
Topics: G-Quadruplexes; Ligands; Mass Spectrometry; Nucleic Acids; Proteins; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
PubMed: 34587741
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00386 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Proteins... Jan 2022Native mass spectrometry (MS), the analysis of proteins and protein complexes from solutions that stabilize native solution structures, is a rapidly expanding area.... (Review)
Review
Native mass spectrometry (MS), the analysis of proteins and protein complexes from solutions that stabilize native solution structures, is a rapidly expanding area. There is strong evidence supporting the retention of proteins' native folds in the absence of solvent under the experimental timescales of MS experiments. Therefore, instrumentation has been developed to use gas-phase native-like protein ions to exploit the speed, sensitivity, and selectivity of mass spectrometry approaches to solve emerging problems in structural biology. This article reviews some of the recent advances and applications in gas-phase instrumentation for structural proteomics.
Topics: Mass Spectrometry; Multiprotein Complexes
PubMed: 34653668
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140732 -
Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica 2016Mass spectrometry is a highly sensitive high-throughput instrumental analytical technique. It is used to determine the molecular mass, but also gives information on... (Review)
Review
Mass spectrometry is a highly sensitive high-throughput instrumental analytical technique. It is used to determine the molecular mass, but also gives information on molecular structure amd is used for quantitation as well. Although it was developed over 100 years ago, it continues to evolve, both with respect to figures of merit (like sensitivity) and with respect to applications in various novel fields of science and technology. Mass spectrometry is capable of studying macromolecules (like proteins and protein complexes), and has very high sensitivity, now compounds at the atto- or zeptomol level can also be studied. Mass spectrometry can be coupled to separation techniques, and can be used to analyze complex mixtures, trace level compounds in biological matrices like active pharmaceutical ingredients or metabolites. In recent years in proteomics research has become a major new direction. In the present review we briefly introduce basic mass spectrometry techniques (ion surces, analyzers), combinations with chromatography (GC/MS, HPLC/MS), CEI MS) and tandem mass spectrometry. We also introduce two novel methods, mass spectrometry "imaging" and "lab-on-a-chip" technology.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; Proteins; Proteomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 27295872
DOI: No ID Found -
Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory... Jun 2019This manuscript offers a broad overview of the state of emergency toxicology testing in clinical laboratories. We summarize the specific challenges of performing... (Review)
Review
This manuscript offers a broad overview of the state of emergency toxicology testing in clinical laboratories. We summarize the specific challenges of performing emergency toxicology testing, introduce a variety of currently used methods including mass spectrometry, and compare and contrast the utility of different types of mass spectrometers for this purpose. Finally, we examine evidence on the utility of toxicological testing in the treatment of poisoned patients, with special emphasis on the demonstrated utility of mass spectrometry-based tests. This review included primary literature indexed in the NCBI PubMed Database. Search terms included "emergency toxicology", "emergency mass spectrometry", "mass spectrometry toxicology", "utility of toxicology testing", and "toxicology surveillance". There are relatively few clinical trials on the utility of toxicology testing in overdosed or poisoned patients, and those studies that exist have a number of limitations. One of the most significant is that nearly all were conducted with immunoassay-based tests, which can only detect a limited number of compounds and are known to have a high false-positive rate. In addition, few are prospective. The overwhelming majority of studies of immunoassay-based tests concluded that results rarely changed patient management, regardless of the patient's clinical presentation. Many of these studies suggest that results could still be useful in other contexts, including identification of opportunities to refer a patient to substance abuse treatment or avoidance of drug-drug interactions. Mass spectrometry-based testing has several advantages over immunoassays, including the breadth of compounds that can be detected and substantially higher specificity, yet many questions remain about utility in emergency toxicology. The utility of mass spectrometry-based testing has not been assessed in a prospective clinical trial, rather the literature is overwhelmingly case-based, and a small number of laboratories are responsible for the majority of the case reports. The limited evidence that exists suggests that mass spectrometry can be useful in emergency situations, provided that results are available rapidly, interpreted by a knowledgeable physician, and that the scope of the method includes the compound implicated in the poisoning. Like results from immunoassays, many authors report using mass spectrometry-based testing for purposes other than direct patient care, namely surveillance of emerging drugs and trends in local drug use. A number of case reports and larger case series present evidence in support of this use. Despite the potential advantages of mass spectrometry, the quantity and quality of published evidence are not sufficient to adequately assess the utility of mass spectrometry-based emergency toxicology results. This is a field that is ripe for investigation, particularly as mass spectrometers become less expensive and the technology is adopted by an increasing number of clinical laboratories. There is a strong need for prospective studies on implementation of STAT mass spectrometry-based tests in emergency toxicology and larger scale assessments of impact on acute patient care as well as public health.
Topics: Animals; Cooperative Behavior; Emergencies; Humans; Immunoassay; Mass Spectrometry; Public Health; Toxicology
PubMed: 30931660
DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1585415 -
Food Chemistry Dec 2021The ever-growing use of mass spectrometry (MS) methodologies in food authentication and traceability originates from their unrivalled specificity, accuracy and... (Review)
Review
The ever-growing use of mass spectrometry (MS) methodologies in food authentication and traceability originates from their unrivalled specificity, accuracy and sensitivity. Such features are crucial for setting up analytical strategies for detecting food frauds and adulterations by monitoring selected components within food matrices. Among MS approaches, protein and peptide profiling has become increasingly consolidated. This review explores the current knowledge on recent MS techniques using protein and peptide biomarkers for assessing food traceability and authenticity, with a specific focus on their use for unmasking potential frauds and adulterations. We provide a survey of the current state-of-the-art instrumentation including the most reliable and sensitive acquisition modes highlighting advantages and limitations. Finally, we summarize the recent applications of MS to protein/peptide analyses in food matrices and examine their potential in ensuring the quality of agro-food products.
Topics: Drug Contamination; Peptides; Proteins; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 34243122
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130456 -
Trends in Biotechnology Oct 2017Interfacing mass spectrometry (MS) with microfluidic chips (μchip-MS) holds considerable potential to transform a clinician's toolbox, providing translatable methods... (Review)
Review
Interfacing mass spectrometry (MS) with microfluidic chips (μchip-MS) holds considerable potential to transform a clinician's toolbox, providing translatable methods for the early detection, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of noncommunicable diseases by streamlining and integrating laborious sample preparation workflows on high-throughput, user-friendly platforms. Overcoming the limitations of competitive immunoassays - currently the gold standard in clinical proteomics - μchip-MS can provide unprecedented access to complex proteomic assays having high sensitivity and specificity, but without the labor, costs, and complexities associated with conventional MS sample processing. This review surveys recent μchip-MS systems for clinical applications and examines their emerging role in streamlining the development and translation of MS-based proteomic assays by alleviating many of the challenges that currently inhibit widespread clinical adoption.
Topics: Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Mass Spectrometry; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Proteomics
PubMed: 28755975
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.06.006