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Journal of Chromatography. A Mar 2016Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has seen spectacular growth over the last two decades. Increasing IMS sensitivity and capacity with... (Review)
Review
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has seen spectacular growth over the last two decades. Increasing IMS sensitivity and capacity with improvements in MS instrumentation have driven this growth. As a result, a diverse new set of techniques for separating ions by their mobility have arisen, each with characteristics that make them favorable for some experiments and some mass spectrometers. Ion mobility techniques can be broken down into dispersive and selective techniques based upon whether they pass through all mobilities for later analysis by mass spectrometry or select ions by mobility or a related characteristic. How ion mobility techniques fit within a more complicated separation including mass spectrometry and other techniques such as liquid chromatography is of fundamental interest to separations scientists. In this review we explore the multitude of ion mobility techniques hybridized to different mass spectrometers, detailing current challenges and opportunities for each ion mobility technique and for what experiments one technique might be chosen over another. The underlying principles of ion mobility separations, including: considerations regarding separation capabilities, ion transmission, signal intensity and sensitivity, and the impact that the separation has upon the ion structure (i.e., the possibility of configurational changes due to ion heating) are discussed.
Topics: Ions; Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 26592562
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.080 -
Talanta Nov 2023Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a novel molecular imaging technology that collects molecular information from the surface of samples in situ. The spatial distribution... (Review)
Review
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a novel molecular imaging technology that collects molecular information from the surface of samples in situ. The spatial distribution and relative content of various compounds can be visualized simultaneously with high spatial resolution. The prominent advantages of MSI promote the active development of ionization technology and its broader applications in diverse fields. This article first gives a brief introduction to the vital parts of the processes during MSI. On this basis, provides a comprehensive overview of the most relevant MS-based imaging techniques from their mechanisms, pros and cons, and applications. In addition, a critical issue in MSI, matrix effects is also discussed. Then, the representative applications of MSI in biological, forensic, and environmental fields in the past 5 years have been summarized, with a focus on various types of analytes (e.g., proteins, lipids, polymers, etc.) Finally, the challenges and further perspectives of MSI are proposed and concluded.
Topics: Mass Spectrometry; Proteins; Molecular Imaging; Forensic Medicine; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 37271004
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124721 -
Rapid Communications in Mass... Jul 2019Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) is a core scientific discipline within drug discovery and development as well as post-marketing. It helps to design and... (Review)
Review
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) is a core scientific discipline within drug discovery and development as well as post-marketing. It helps to design and select the most promising drug candidate and obtain advanced insights on the processes that control absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of the final drug candidate. Mass spectrometry is one of the key technologies applied in DMPK. Therefore, the continuous advances made in the field of mass spectrometry also directly impact the way in which we investigate the ADME properties of a compound, providing us with new tools to gather more information or improve our efficiency. An overview will be given of some important current trends and future perspectives in the field.
Topics: Drug Discovery; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics
PubMed: 30019507
DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8235 -
Philosophical Transactions. Series A,... Oct 2016Mass spectrometry (MS) is a mainstream chemical analysis technique in the twenty-first century. It has contributed to numerous discoveries in chemistry, physics and... (Review)
Review
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a mainstream chemical analysis technique in the twenty-first century. It has contributed to numerous discoveries in chemistry, physics and biochemistry. Hundreds of research laboratories scattered all over the world use MS every day to investigate fundamental phenomena on the molecular level. MS is also widely used by industry-especially in drug discovery, quality control and food safety protocols. In some cases, mass spectrometers are indispensable and irreplaceable by any other metrological tools. The uniqueness of MS is due to the fact that it enables direct identification of molecules based on the mass-to-charge ratios as well as fragmentation patterns. Thus, for several decades now, MS has been used in qualitative chemical analysis. To address the pressing need for quantitative molecular measurements, a number of laboratories focused on technological and methodological improvements that could render MS a fully quantitative metrological platform. In this theme issue, the experts working for some of those laboratories share their knowledge and enthusiasm about quantitative MS. I hope this theme issue will benefit readers, and foster fundamental and applied research based on quantitative MS measurements.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantitative mass spectrometry'.
Topics: Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 27644965
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0382 -
Nature Methods May 2020
Topics: History, 21st Century; Humans; Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 32371965
DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0824-x -
Expert Review of Proteomics 2020: Imaging is a technique used for direct visualization of the internal structure or distribution of biomolecules of a living system in a two-dimensional or...
: Imaging is a technique used for direct visualization of the internal structure or distribution of biomolecules of a living system in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional fashion. Phospholipids are important structural components of biological membranes and have been reported to be associated with various human diseases. Therefore, the visualization of phospholipids is crucial to understand the underlying mechanism of cellular and molecular processes in normal and diseased conditions. : Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has enabled the label-free imaging of individual phospholipids in biological tissues and cells. The commonly used MSI techniques include matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-MSI (MALDI-MSI), desorption electrospray ionization-MSI (DESI-MSI), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imaging. This special report described those methods, summarized the findings, and discussed the future development for the imaging of phospholipids. : Phospholipids imaging in complex biological samples has been significantly benefited from the development of MSI methods. In MALDI-MSI, novel matrix that produces homogenous crystals exclusively with polar lipids is important for phospholipids imaging with greater efficiency and higher spatial resolution. DESI-MSI has the potential of live imaging of the biological surface while SIMS is expected to image at the subcellular level in the near future.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Phospholipids; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion
PubMed: 33504247
DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1880897 -
Journal of the American Society For... Oct 2022Supercritical fluids are typically electrosprayed using an organic solvent makeup flow to facilitate continuous electrical connection and enhancement of electrospray...
Supercritical fluids are typically electrosprayed using an organic solvent makeup flow to facilitate continuous electrical connection and enhancement of electrospray stability. This results in sample dilution, loss in sensitivity, and potential phase separation. Premixing the supercritical fluid with organic solvent has shown substantial benefits to electrospray efficiency and increased analyte charge state. Presented here is a nanospray mass spectrometry system for supercritical fluids (nSF-MS). This split flow system used small i.d. capillaries, heated interface, inline frit, and submicron emitter tips to electrospray quaternary alkyl amines solvated in supercritical CO with a 10% methanol modifier. Analyte signal response was evaluated as a function of total system flow rate (0.5-1.5 mL/min) that is split to nanospray a supercritical fluid with linear flow rates between 0.07 and 0.42 cm/sec and pressure ranges (15-25 MPa). The nSF system showed mass-sensitive detection based on increased signal intensity for increasing capillary i.d. and analyte injection volume. These effects indicate efficient solvent evaporation for the analysis of quaternary amines. Carrier additives generally decreased signal intensity. Comparison of the nSF-MS system to the conventional SF makeup flow ESI showed 10-fold signal intensity enhancement across all the capillary i.d.s. The nSF-MS system likely achieves rapid solvent evaporation of the SF at the emitter point. The developed system combined the benefits of the nanoemitters, sCO, and the low modifier percentage which gave rise to enhancement in MS detection sensitivity.
Topics: Amines; Carbon Dioxide; Mass Spectrometry; Methanol; Solvents; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
PubMed: 36049155
DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00134 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2017Amongst all omics sciences, there is no doubt that metabolomics is undergoing the most important growth in the last decade. The advances in analytical techniques and... (Review)
Review
Amongst all omics sciences, there is no doubt that metabolomics is undergoing the most important growth in the last decade. The advances in analytical techniques and data analysis tools are the main factors that make possible the development and establishment of metabolomics as a significant research field in systems biology. As metabolomic analysis demands high sensitivity for detecting metabolites present in low concentrations in biological samples, high-resolution power for identifying the metabolites and wide dynamic range to detect metabolites with variable concentrations in complex matrices, mass spectrometry is being the most extensively used analytical technique for fulfilling these requirements. Mass spectrometry alone can be used in a metabolomic analysis; however, some issues such as ion suppression may difficultate the quantification/identification of metabolites with lower concentrations or some metabolite classes that do not ionise as well as others. The best choice is coupling separation techniques, such as gas or liquid chromatography, to mass spectrometry, in order to improve the sensitivity and resolution power of the analysis, besides obtaining extra information (retention time) that facilitates the identification of the metabolites, especially when considering untargeted metabolomic strategies. In this chapter, the main aspects of mass spectrometry (MS), liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) are discussed, and recent clinical applications of LC-MS and GC-MS are also presented.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolomics
PubMed: 28132177
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47656-8_4 -
Electrophoresis Jan 2019Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers fast and high-resolution separation of charged analytes from small injection volumes. Coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), it... (Review)
Review
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers fast and high-resolution separation of charged analytes from small injection volumes. Coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), it represents a powerful analytical technique providing (exact) mass information and enables molecular characterization based on fragmentation. Although hyphenation of CE and MS is not straightforward, much emphasis has been placed on enabling efficient ionization and user-friendly coupling. Though several interfaces are now commercially available, research on more efficient and robust interfacing with nano-electrospray ionization (ESI), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP) continues with considerable results. At the same time, CE-MS has been used in many fields, predominantly for the analysis of proteins, peptides and metabolites. This review belongs to a series of regularly published articles, summarizing 248 articles covering the time between June 2016 and May 2018. Latest developments on hyphenation of CE with MS as well as instrumental developments such as two-dimensional separation systems with MS detection are mentioned. Furthermore, applications of various CE-modes including capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE), capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) and capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) coupled to MS in biological, pharmaceutical and environmental research are summarized.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolomics; Mice
PubMed: 30260009
DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800331 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) coupling is a powerful analytical solution bringing together the separation power of CE and the wealth of chemical...
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) coupling is a powerful analytical solution bringing together the separation power of CE and the wealth of chemical information afforded by MS. Nevertheless, interfaces making the hyphenation of both techniques possible have always been the subject of a quest for improvement by their users in search for more sensitive and robust setups. This fact has led to numerous technical developments and new interface designs claiming to outrival existing approaches in different aspects. Nevertheless, the task of evaluating and comparing a new interface to previous solutions is not always straightforward. Issued from our own experience in the field, we herein propose a protocol to optimize the operation parameters of a new CE-MS interface design, assess its analytical performance, and compare it to a reference interface if desired. Electrospray stability, sensitivity, reproducibility, and robustness are practically evaluated as key elements of the process.
Topics: Electrophoresis, Capillary; Mass Spectrometry; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
PubMed: 35941475
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2493-7_1