-
European Journal of Pain (London,... Nov 2022Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly known as a disorder that affects the smooth performance of body movements. In addition to the motor impairments, patients with PD... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly known as a disorder that affects the smooth performance of body movements. In addition to the motor impairments, patients with PD often experience pain. Both motor impairments and pain can occur throughout the body, hence including the orofacial region. However, currently, there is a lack of knowledge on the orofacial manifestations. Since orofacial pain and dysfunction can, amongst others, reduce the quality of life of patients with PD, it is important to explore the prevalence of these symptoms in the PD population.
OBJECTIVE
To provide a broad overview of the relevant literature on orofacial pain and dysfunction in patients with PD. Furthermore, we aim to generate hypotheses for future research on this topic.
DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT
A literature search (in PubMed, Embase.com, Web of Science [Core collection], and Cochrane Library) was performed on 20 January 2022, in collaboration with a medical librarian. In total, 7180 articles were found, of which 50 were finally included in this scoping review.
RESULTS
In the included studies, pain (e.g. orofacial pain (N = 2) and temporomandibular disorder pain (N = 2)), orofacial motor dysfunction (e.g. limited jaw movements (N = 10), reduced maximum muscle output (N = 3), chewing difficulties (N = 9), unspecified TMD (N = 3), sensory disturbances (N = 1)), and bruxism (N = 3) were observed more often in patients with PD than in healthy controls.
CONCLUSION
Patients with PD experience more pain in the orofacial area and more dysfunction of the masticatory system than their healthy peers.
SIGNIFICANCE
This scoping review can increase health care providers' awareness of the problems that can be encountered in the orofacial area of PD patients, especially pain syndromes also occur in the orofacial region and not only in the extremities. Besides, dysfunction of the orofacial area is elaborated in this scoping review, which helps to understand that this limits PD patients' quality of life. Further, the outcomes of this scoping review can assist in encouraging collaboration between medicine and dentistry. Finally, this scoping review suggests new research areas, based on the gaps identified in the current literature on this topic. Ultimately, this will improve individualized strategies for reducing orofacial pain and/or dysfunction in PD patients.
Topics: Facial Pain; Humans; Mastication; Parkinson Disease; Quality of Life; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 36063442
DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2031 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Sep 2022Studies determining the main predictors of masticatory performance by using mixing ability tests are sparse.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Studies determining the main predictors of masticatory performance by using mixing ability tests are sparse.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this clinical study was to identify potential determinants of masticatory performance assessed by analyzing a patient's masticatory ability using bicolored chewing gum and visual, quantitative, and interactive methods.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Nondental participants attending healthcare centers were consecutively recruited in Granada, Spain. The inclusion criteria were older than18 years and resident in the coverage area of the reference healthcare centers for at least the previous 6 months. The participants were excluded if they had received dental treatment in the previous 6 months or they were unable to communicate. The masticatory performance was determined by using 2-colored chewing gum (Kiss 3 white and blue; Smint) that was masticated for a total of 20 strokes. The masticated gum was crushed between 2 transparent glass slides, creating a 1-mm-thick specimen that was subsequently scanned. The mixed-color area was calculated as a percentage by using Photoshop as described by Schimmel et al and designated as the standard method. In addition, all images made were analyzed by using the Web application the Chewing Performance Calculator. In addition, the masticated bolus was inspected visually, and mastication performance was classified as being poor, moderate, or good. Sociodemographic data, as well as data on behaviors, medical and nutritional status, health-related quality of life, saliva, and general oral health, were collected for all participants to identify the main determinants of masticatory performance.
RESULTS
One hundred thirty-seven participants were enrolled. The masticatory performance values obtained using both methods (standard method and Chewing Performance Calculator) were significantly greater for well masticated gum (P<.001), which had been visually classified as being poorly masticated (69.1% for standard method and 43.5% for Chewing Performance Calculator), moderately masticated (89.7% for standard method and 67.3% for Chewing Performance Calculator), and well masticated (97.3% for standard method and 80.3% for Chewing Performance Calculator). The bivariate analyses revealed that masticatory performance was significantly higher in younger people (<65 years) (P=.008), who also had a higher basal salivary flow rate (P<.001), were nondenture users (P=.002), and had more standing teeth and occlusal units (P<.001). However, the multiple regression analyses showed that the number of occlusal units was the only significant predictor of masticatory performance. In addition, the mean masticatory performance (95% confidence interval: 47.7% to 56.8%) was found to be greatly improved (by 1.2% to 2.2%), with each occlusal unit, in accordance with the Chewing Performance Calculator and between 0.8% and 1.8% according to the standard method; the basal masticatory performance was calculated as 72.1% to 81.2% (95% confidence interval).
CONCLUSIONS
The number of occlusal units is one of the main predictors of masticatory performance when a 2-color bolus is used to test mixing ability.
Topics: Chewing Gum; Color; Humans; Mastication; Oral Health; Quality of Life; Software
PubMed: 33597078
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.08.003 -
Journal of Morphology Feb 2023The evolution of mammals is characterized, amongst other developments, by an increasing relevance of effective food processing in form of an increasingly durable... (Review)
Review
The evolution of mammals is characterized, amongst other developments, by an increasing relevance of effective food processing in form of an increasingly durable dentition, complex occlusal surfaces, and transverse chewing movements. Some factors have received increasing attention for the facilitation of the latter, such as the configuration of the jaw joint, the chewing muscle arrangement and lever arms, or the reduction of interlocking cusps on the cheek teeth occlusal surface. By contrast, the constraining effect of the anterior dentition (incisors and canines) on transverse chewing motions, though known, has received less comprehensive attention. Here, we give examples of this constraint in extant mammals and outline a variety of morphological solutions to this constraint, including a reduction of the anterior dentition, special arrangements of canines and incisors, the nesting of the mandibular cheek teeth within the maxillary ones, and the use of different jaw positions for different dental functions (cropping vs. grinding). We suggest that hypselodont anterior canines or incisors in some taxa might represent a compensatory mechanism for self-induced wear during a grinding chewing motion. We propose that the diversity in anterior dentition among mammalian herbivores, and the evolutionary trend towards a reduction of the anterior dentition in many taxa, indicates that the constraining effect of the anterior dentition, which is rigidly linked to the cheek teeth by the osseous jaws, represents a relevant selective pressure in mammalian evolution.
Topics: Animals; Mastication; Mammals; Movement; Incisor; Musculoskeletal System
PubMed: 36645378
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21554 -
Behavioural Processes May 2024In this short communication, we describe chewing behaviour in sows with no apparent edible substrate in their mouth as a potential social behaviour. Chewing in sows...
In this short communication, we describe chewing behaviour in sows with no apparent edible substrate in their mouth as a potential social behaviour. Chewing in sows during interaction with unfamiliar sows was unexpectedly observed in a study assessing social abilities and damaging behaviours in group-housed dry sows. Such chewing was observed frequently and performed by almost all sows. To our knowledge, this behaviour has not been described previously in a social context in pigs, but rather as an oral stereotypic behaviour related to chronic hunger. We describe the behaviour in its social context and speculate on reasons for its occurrence in that context.
Topics: Animals; Female; Mastication; Swine; Social Behavior; Behavior, Animal
PubMed: 38679342
DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105042 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Dec 2021Lip-seal strength, which represents the muscle strength of the lips, appears to chiefly contribute to mastication and pronunciation. However, the functional...
OBJECTIVES
Lip-seal strength, which represents the muscle strength of the lips, appears to chiefly contribute to mastication and pronunciation. However, the functional characteristics of lip-seal strength in adults are still undefined. The present study aimed to understand not only the distribution of lip-seal strength in adult men and women but also the effect of age on this strength and identify oral motor functions correlated with lip-seal strength.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The subjects included 339 participants (men: 170, age 39.2 ± 18.2 years; women: 169, age 43.1 ± 19.7 years). Oral motor function was evaluated for lip-seal strength, oral diadochokinesis (ODK), tongue pressure, occlusal force, and masticatory performance. Statistical analyses included the Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests, in addition to the Spearman's correlation analysis and curvilinear regression analysis.
RESULTS
Lip-seal strength did not have a normal distribution (p < 0.001). The mean ± standard deviation and median (first quartile, third quartile) of lip-seal strength were 11.2 ± 3.4 and 10.9 (8.7, 13.2)N for the whole sample, 12.3 ± 3.4 and 11.9 (9.4, 14.4)N for men, and 10.2 ± 3.0 and 9.9 (8.0, 12.0)N for women. A significant difference was observed in lip-seal strength between men and women (p < 0.001). Oral motor functions showed a marked correlation with lip-seal strength, including tongue pressure, occlusal force, and masticatory performance and ODK (/pa/ and /ta/), tongue pressure, and masticatory ability in men and women, respectively. In women, lip-seal strength declined with increase in age.
CONCLUSIONS
Lip-seal strength was non-normally distributed in both men and women, and lip-seal strength was affected by age only in women. Lip-seal strength and multiple oral motor functions were significantly correlated. Because the indicators of perioral muscle strength and performance were correlated with lip-seal strength, lip-seal strength may also partially reflect the condition of the perioral muscles.
Topics: Adult; Bite Force; Female; Humans; Lip; Male; Mastication; Middle Aged; Pressure; Tongue; Young Adult
PubMed: 33963687
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.440 -
Anticancer Research Aug 2020We investigated whether mastication affects microglia, whose activity is thought to be associated with cognition and brain tumor progression.
BACKGROUND/AIM
We investigated whether mastication affects microglia, whose activity is thought to be associated with cognition and brain tumor progression.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We kept mice by feeding either a hard or soft diet for 2, 4 or 8 months. After each period, we removed the whole brains and isolated microglia. The total RNA extracted from each brain's microglia was subjected to DNA microarray analysis.
RESULTS
Many genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed between hard- and soft-diet-fed mice in each group of the same feeding period. The expression of several genes involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton was down-regulated in the soft-diet-fed mice.
CONCLUSION
Mastication may affect microglia's roles in cognition as well as their neuroimmune activity through their activity of patrolling the brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Male; Mastication; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Microglia; Transcriptome
PubMed: 32727798
DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14473 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... Mar 2021The bite force of the piranha (Serrasalmidae) has drawn considerable attention due to its ability to effectively capture and masticate prey. Herein, we analyze...
The bite force of the piranha (Serrasalmidae) has drawn considerable attention due to its ability to effectively capture and masticate prey. Herein, we analyze theoretical anterior bite forces using a lever approach and compare them to in-vivo maximum bite forces. We provide a mechanics analysis that explains the scaling allometry of the bite force (F) with the length of the fish (l), Fαl.
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bite Force; Characiformes; Feeding Behavior; Mastication
PubMed: 33465750
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104296 -
Physiology & Behavior Sep 2018As mastication is the major component of the oral processing of solid foods a better understanding of its influence on ingestion, digestion and metabolism may lead to... (Review)
Review
As mastication is the major component of the oral processing of solid foods a better understanding of its influence on ingestion, digestion and metabolism may lead to new approaches to improve health. A growing number of studies provide evidence that mastication may influence energy balance through several routes: activation of histaminergic neurons, reducing eating rate, altered digestion kinetics, and changes in macronutrient availability. Indeed, accumulating evidence indicates that increasing the number of masticatory cycles before swallowing reduces food intake and increases satiety. However, while slowing eating rate has been shown to limit weight gain in children and adolescents it is not clear that slowing eating rate by increasing the number of masticatory cycles or slowing mastication rate is a viable method to aid weight management ([10], [15]). Further research is required to determine the influence of mastication on energy balance and how it could be manipulated to aid weight management. This narrative review will provide a brief overview of the effect of mastication on food intake, satiety and body weight.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Mastication; Satiation
PubMed: 29684415
DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.027 -
International Journal For Numerical... Jul 2023Long-term excessive forces loading from muscles of mastication during mandibular motions may result in disorders of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), myofascial pain, and...
Long-term excessive forces loading from muscles of mastication during mandibular motions may result in disorders of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), myofascial pain, and restriction of jaw opening and closing. Current analysis of mandibular movements is generally conducted with a single opening, protrusive and lateral movements rather than composite motions that the three can be combined arbitrarily. The objective of this study was to construct theoretical equations reflecting the correlation between composite motions and muscle forces, and consequently to analyze the mandibular composite motions and the tensions of muscles of mastication in multiple dimensions. The muscle performances such as strength, power, and endurance of mandibular motions were analyzed and the effective motion range of each muscle was derived. The mandibular composite motion model was simplified by calculating muscle forces. An orthogonal rotation matrix based on muscle forces was established. A 3D printed mandible was used for in vitro simulation of mandibular motions on a robot and measurements of force were conducted. The theoretical model and forces were verified through a trajectory tracing experiment of mandibular motions driven by a 6-axis robot with force/torque sensors. Through the analysis of the mandibular composite motion model, the motion form was obtained and transferred to guide the motions of the robot. The error between the experimental data obtained by the 6-axis force/torque sensors and the theoretical data was within 0.6 N. Our system provides excellent visualization for analyzing the changes of muscle forces and locations during various mandibular movements. It is useful for clinicians to diagnose and formulate treatment for patients who suffer from (temporomandibular joint disorders) TMDs and restrict jaw movements. The system can potentially offer the comparison before and after treatment of TMDs or jaw surgery.
Topics: Humans; Mandible; Temporomandibular Joint; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Movement; Mastication; Range of Motion, Articular
PubMed: 37096732
DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3716 -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Oct 2023With the ageing process changes in the musculature of oro-facial structures take place, consequently there is a reduction in the strength and mobility of the lips,... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
With the ageing process changes in the musculature of oro-facial structures take place, consequently there is a reduction in the strength and mobility of the lips, tongue and cheeks.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to correlate oro-facial structures and chewing and swallowing functions among a group of senior citizens and young adults and check the influence of lip and tongue pressure of these functions.
METHODS
This is an observational, cross-sectional and analytical study. Thirty seniors with an average age of 67.13 years and 30 young adults with an average age of 22.03 years participated in the study. The Oro-facial Myofunctional Assessment Protocol with Scores for the Elderly and the Oro-facial Myofunctional Assessment Protocol with Expanded Scores were also used. The evaluation of the force of pressure of the lips and tip and dorsum of the tongue was carried out using the Biofeedback device Pró-Fono: Lip and Tongue Pressure.
RESULTS
Young adults had a higher evaluation score for the aspect/posture of the face, cheeks, lips, mentalis muscle, tongue, mobility of lips, tongue, jaw and cheeks, chewing and swallowing functions, total time and chewing strokes, and tip pressure and dorsum of tongue. According to the Structural Equation Modelling, a direct relationship was found between the tongue dorsum pressure force and the swallowing function.
CONCLUSION
With healthy ageing changes occurring in the appearance, posture and mobility of the lips, tongue, jaw and cheeks, with the seniors and reduced performance of chewing and swallowing functions.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Aged; Adult; Tongue; Lip; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pressure; Deglutition; Mastication
PubMed: 37282365
DOI: 10.1111/joor.13531