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CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine
PubMed: 38649173
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.240415 -
Journal of the Chinese Medical... Jan 2020Measles is a highly infectious viral illness and is one of the world's most contagious diseases that can affect all people if they have not been vaccinated or have not... (Review)
Review
Measles is a highly infectious viral illness and is one of the world's most contagious diseases that can affect all people if they have not been vaccinated or have not had it before. Before measles vaccine became available in 1963, major epidemic occurred approximately every 2 to 3 years and thus 99% of the people were thought to have been infected naturally with measles virus and got immune for life. In 2000, measles was declared eliminated from the United States, and yet 1215 cases have been reported from 30 states as of August 22, 2019. Currently, there are several large measles outbreaks universally, and some people who were not immune and they need to get their measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine to prevent measles outbreaks. As vaccination coverage increases, the average age of measles infection can change to adolescents and young adults. In addition, the protective antibodies derived from vaccination might decrease gradually, and the risk of measles infection in young adults is increasing regardless of international travelling.
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Vaccination
PubMed: 31569091
DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000210 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Jul 2019
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Communicable Disease Control; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Measles; Measles Vaccine; United States; Vitamin A; Vitamins
PubMed: 31184814
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp1905181 -
JAMA Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine
PubMed: 36374512
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.21363 -
The Journal of Infection Jun 2017The measles virus is among the most transmissible viruses known to infect humans. Prior to measles vaccination programs, measles infected over 95% of all children and... (Review)
Review
The measles virus is among the most transmissible viruses known to infect humans. Prior to measles vaccination programs, measles infected over 95% of all children and was responsible for over 4 million deaths each year. Measles vaccination programs have been among the greatest public health achievements reducing, eliminating endemic measles in the whole of the Americas and across much of the globe. Where measles vaccines are introduced, unexpectedly large reductions in all-cause childhood mortality have been observed. These gains appear to derive in part from direct heterologous benefits of measles vaccines that enhance innate and adaptive immune responses. Additionally, by preventing measles infections, vaccination prevents measles-associated short- and long-term immunomodulating effects. Before vaccination, these invisible hallmarks of measles infections increased vulnerability to non-measles infections in nearly all children for weeks, months, or years following acute infections. By depleting measles incidence, vaccination has had important indirect benefits to reduce non-measles mortality. Delineating the relative importance of these two modes of survival benefits following measles vaccine introduction is of critical public health importance. While both support continued unwavering global commitments to measles vaccination programs until measles eradication is complete, direct heterologous benefits of measles vaccination further support continued commitment to measles vaccination programs indefinitely. We discuss what is known about direct and indirect nonspecific measles vaccine benefits, and their implications for continued measles vaccination programs.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Global Health; Humans; Immunity, Heterologous; Immunity, Innate; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Vaccination
PubMed: 28646947
DOI: 10.1016/S0163-4453(17)30185-8 -
Journal of Special Operations Medicine... 2020Measles is a significant concern with approximately 10 million people infected annually causing over 100,000 deaths worldwide. In the US before use of the measles...
Measles is a significant concern with approximately 10 million people infected annually causing over 100,000 deaths worldwide. In the US before use of the measles vaccine, there were estimated to be 3 to 4 million people infected with measles annually, causing 400 to 500 deaths. Complications of measles include otitis media, diarrhea, pneumonia, and acute encephalitis. Measles is a leading cause of blindness in the developing world, especially in those who are vitamin A deficient. Malnourished children with measles are also at higher risk of developing noma (or cancrum oris), a rapidly progressive gangrenous infection of the mouth and face. Most deaths due to measles are caused by pneumonia, diarrhea, or neurological complications in young children, severely malnourished or immunocompromised individuals, and pregnant women. A rare sequela of measles is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Global Health; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Pregnancy
PubMed: 32573751
DOI: 10.55460/3NFC-341T -
European Journal of Epidemiology Oct 2019Measles vaccination schedules and targets of herd immunity have been designed according to the paradigm that the vaccine is as protective as natural infection, and the... (Review)
Review
Measles vaccination schedules and targets of herd immunity have been designed according to the paradigm that the vaccine is as protective as natural infection, and the virus has remained of a single serotype over many decades. As a result, ongoing measles resurgence is mostly attributed to gaps in immunization. Using official data, we investigated the correlation between the rate of vaccine coverage reported and aggregated at the national level, and the incidence of cases. We discussed the limits of this indicator considered in isolation. We provide a literature overview of measles vaccine efficacy and failures. We questioned whether measles strains could escape the vaccine. Immunization tools and strategies for measles control deserve to be optimized in the current context.
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Genotype; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Measles virus; Vaccination
PubMed: 31624970
DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00569-4 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Apr 2019
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Global Health; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Vaccination
PubMed: 30938290
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30128-8 -
The Nurse Practitioner May 2022Measles is a vaccine-preventable, highly contagious virus once considered eradicated in the US. It is still a significant source of morbidity and mortality for children...
Measles is a vaccine-preventable, highly contagious virus once considered eradicated in the US. It is still a significant source of morbidity and mortality for children under 5 years of age worldwide. Advanced practice registered nurses are on the frontlines of reducing the spread of disease and educating the community on measles prevention.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine
PubMed: 35470329
DOI: 10.1097/01.NPR.0000827116.22104.60 -
Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ May 2019Infection with the measles virus causes an unpleasant disease with many potentially serious complications. It is predominantly a childhood illness but can affect any...
Infection with the measles virus causes an unpleasant disease with many potentially serious complications. It is predominantly a childhood illness but can affect any age. Measles is extraordinarily contagious, but immunisation with measles containing vaccine provides comprehensive protection. An international programme of universal immunisation from the mid-1980s has been very effective; measles was declared eliminated in the USA nearly two decades ago and became a rarity in other countries with high rates of vaccine uptake. Until recently, this was a forgotten disease in high-income countries, but paediatricians, emergency and primary care physicians worldwide are now encountering measles with increased frequency. Attributed to international travel and pockets of vaccine hesitancy locally, new outbreaks of measles have been recorded in many regions thought to have been free of the disease. Because it was previously so uncommon, measles presents a diagnostic challenge and an unrecognised case may cause infection to spread among communities. The present article presents a case of confirmed measles infection and discusses the epidemiology, clinical features, investigation, management and prevention of measles.
Topics: Child; Cough; Fever; Humans; Male; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Morbillivirus
PubMed: 30944113
DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2019-208490