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Journal of the American Dental... Jul 2015
Topics: Child; Humans; Immunization Programs; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Treatment Refusal; United States; Vaccines
PubMed: 26113088
DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.05.003 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2017Measles, a highly infectious viral disease is the next target for eradication following poliovirus. Decades of experience with highly effective vaccination has... (Review)
Review
Measles, a highly infectious viral disease is the next target for eradication following poliovirus. Decades of experience with highly effective vaccination has invigorated us to take on this virus. The task is not only Titanic but is laced with intricate issues. Recently, an outbreak of fever with rash occurred on a tertiary care teaching hospital campus and was confirmed serologically as measles outbreak by IgMELISA. Therefore, we searched the literature related to outbreaks, transmission of the measles virus, age groups involved, vaccination strategies, vaccination failure and epidemiological features of the disease and reviewed the possible reasons for such outbreaks and problems in the global eradication of the virus.
Topics: Age Distribution; Disease Eradication; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Global Health; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28303812
DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_16_233 -
Perspective on Global Measles Epidemiology and Control and the Role of Novel Vaccination Strategies.Viruses Jan 2017Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine preventable disease. Measles results in a systemic illness which causes profound immunosuppression often leading to severe... (Review)
Review
Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine preventable disease. Measles results in a systemic illness which causes profound immunosuppression often leading to severe complications. In 2010, the World Health Assembly declared that measles can and should be eradicated. Measles has been eliminated in the Region of the Americas, and the remaining five regions of the World Health Organization (WHO) have adopted measles elimination goals. Significant progress has been made through increased global coverage of first and second doses of measles-containing vaccine, leading to a decrease in global incidence of measles, and through improved case based surveillance supported by the WHO Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network. Improved vaccine delivery methods will likely play an important role in achieving measles elimination goals as these delivery methods circumvent many of the logistic issues associated with subcutaneous injection. This review highlights the status of global measles epidemiology, novel measles vaccination strategies, and describes the pathway toward measles elimination.
Topics: Animals; Disease Eradication; Global Health; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Vaccination; World Health Organization
PubMed: 28106841
DOI: 10.3390/v9010011 -
Annali Di Igiene : Medicina Preventiva... 2017Despite substantial progress towards measles and rubella control, outbreaks continue to threaten elimination goals worldwide. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Despite substantial progress towards measles and rubella control, outbreaks continue to threaten elimination goals worldwide.
STUDY DESIGN
This paper aims to document progress towards the global eradication of measles and rubella. In particular, it investigates the major challenges faced by Italy in reaching the elimination goals.
METHODS
A review of the most important literature was carried out. Furthermore, a systematic review of the scientific literature on measles and rubella in the Italian setting was performed for the period 2000-2016.
RESULTS
In the National Plan 2010-2015, Italy renewed its commitment to eliminate measles and rubella by 2015. However, Italy recently experienced a high measles burden (2,205 cases in 2013, 1,694 in 2014). Between June 2015 and May 2016, 515 cases were reported, accounting for 28% all cases in Europe. Immunization coverage decreased in recent years, with no Region reaching the 95% target. The systematic review included a total of 175 papers, with an upward trend in the number of published articles, which demonstrates an increasing interest in the field of measles and rubella. The review highlights the need to improve the commitment of the Italian Regions to the elimination goals; to promote Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIAs); to improve the communication skills of health care workers; to improve the health literacy of citizens; and to enhance integrated measles and rubella surveillance.
CONCLUSION
Elimination of measles and rubella in Italy will require a substantial improvement in both commitment of the 21 Regions and activity of the whole country towards the WHO goals.
Topics: Disease Eradication; Disease Outbreaks; Europe; Female; Health Policy; Humans; Italy; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Rubella; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital; Rubella Vaccine; Vaccination; World Health Organization
PubMed: 28067934
DOI: 10.7416/ai.2017.2128 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2019Increased measles immunization has led to a significant decline in measles incidence and mortality. During 2016 it is estimated that fewer than 100,000 died from measles... (Review)
Review
Increased measles immunization has led to a significant decline in measles incidence and mortality. During 2016 it is estimated that fewer than 100,000 died from measles for the first time in recorded history. In highly immunized countries measles epidemiology has changed. Threats to national elimination goals and public health include aging cohorts of naïve people that exist from imperfect vaccination rates during the early years of immunization programs. This may be complemented by some loss of immunity in vaccinated populations. While childhood immunization must remain a focus for control efforts, due to higher mortality in the very young, these naïve adolescents and adults also accumulate as they age and add to the pool of susceptible people, perhaps beyond the view of those that are focused on childhood immunization. Here, features of measles epidemiology and control in highly immunized populations are reviewed, providing global data where necessary, to highlight why countries with high immunization coverage are still threatened by measles outbreaks and how changing dynamics may alter disease control.
Topics: Communicable Disease Control; Developed Countries; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Immunization Programs; Incidence; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Vaccination; Vaccination Coverage
PubMed: 30156949
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1517074 -
Journal of the Pediatric Infectious... Sep 2019
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Genotype; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Vaccination; Young Adult
PubMed: 31282536
DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piz043 -
Vaccine Jan 20181. Measles eradication is the ultimate goal but it is premature to set a date for its accomplishment. Existing regional elimination goals should be vigorously pursued to... (Review)
Review
1. Measles eradication is the ultimate goal but it is premature to set a date for its accomplishment. Existing regional elimination goals should be vigorously pursued to enable setting a global target by 2020. 2. The basic strategic approaches articulated in the Global Measles and Rubella Strategic Plan 2012-2020 are valid to achieve the goals but have not been fully implemented (or not appropriately adapted to local situations). 3. The report recommends a shift from primary reliance on supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) to assure two doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) are delivered to the target population to primary reliance on ongoing services to assure administration of two doses of MCV. Regular high quality SIAs will still be necessary while ongoing services are being strengthened. 4. The report recommends a shift from primary reliance on coverage to measure progress to incorporating disease incidence as a major indicator. 5. The report recommends that the measles/rubella vaccination program be considered an indicator for the quality of the overall immunization program and that measles/rubella incidence and measles and rubella vaccination coverage be considered as primary indicators of immunization program performance. 6. Polio transition presents both risks and opportunities: risks should be minimized and opportunities maximized. 7. A school entry immunization check could contribute significantly to strengthening overall immunization services with assurance that recommended doses of measles and rubella vaccines as well as other vaccines have been delivered and providing those vaccines at that time if the child is un- or under-vaccinated. 8. Program decisions should increasingly be based on good quality data and appropriate analysis. 9. The incorporation of rubella vaccination into the immunization program needs to be accelerated - it should be accorded equivalent emphasis as measles. 10. Outbreak investigation and response are critical but the most important thing is to prevent outbreaks.
Topics: Disease Eradication; Global Health; Health Planning; History, 21st Century; Humans; Immunization Programs; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Prevalence; Rubella; Rubella Vaccine
PubMed: 29307367
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.026 -
Trends in Molecular Medicine Dec 2015Despite the existence of an effective measles vaccine, resurgence in measles cases in the USA and across Europe has occurred, including in individuals vaccinated with... (Review)
Review
Despite the existence of an effective measles vaccine, resurgence in measles cases in the USA and across Europe has occurred, including in individuals vaccinated with two doses of the vaccine. Host genetic factors result in inter-individual variation in measles vaccine-induced antibodies, and play a role in vaccine failure. Studies have identified HLA (human leukocyte antigen) and non-HLA genetic influences that individually or jointly contribute to the observed variability in the humoral response to vaccination among healthy individuals. In this exciting era, new high-dimensional approaches and techniques including vaccinomics, systems biology, GWAS, epitope prediction and sophisticated bioinformatics/statistical algorithms provide powerful tools to investigate immune response mechanisms to the measles vaccine. These might predict, on an individual basis, outcomes of acquired immunity post measles vaccination.
Topics: Developed Countries; Genetic Association Studies; HLA Antigens; Humans; Immunity, Humoral; Measles Vaccine; Vaccination
PubMed: 26602762
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.10.005 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Apr 2023There is limited information on vaccine responses in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV). We studied diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps and...
There is limited information on vaccine responses in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV). We studied diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps and rubella vaccine responses in 6-year-old children with cCMV and controls. Protective antibody levels and geometric mean concentrations did not differ significantly between the study groups. Therefore, immunizations for children with cCMV should be administrated according to established national schedules.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; Measles; Immunization; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Antibodies, Viral; Rubella; Measles Vaccine
PubMed: 36728664
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003819 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Infant; Measles Vaccine; Rubella Vaccine; Rubella; Measles; Immunization Schedule; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Vaccination; Antibodies, Viral
PubMed: 37282389
DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_79_23