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Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia :... Jul 2019
Topics: Adult; Barotrauma; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Humans; Male; Mediastinal Emphysema; Radiography, Thoracic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31365685
DOI: 10.1590/1806-3713/e20190169 -
Pediatric Pulmonology Aug 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema
PubMed: 37161903
DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26466 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2016Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema, also known as spontaneous pneumomediastinum, is defined as radiologically detected free air in the mediastinum, without preceding... (Review)
Review
Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema, also known as spontaneous pneumomediastinum, is defined as radiologically detected free air in the mediastinum, without preceding trauma. It is a rare condition, mainly affecting young adults. It can be caused by coughing, strenuous sports or cocaine inhalation, however, 40% are idiopatic. Common symptoms are chest pain and dyspnoea. 75-90% can be diagnosed with a chest X-ray, and 100% with a computed tomography. Treatment is symptomatic and complications are rare, however, pneumothorax and pneumorrachis have been reported.
Topics: Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema; Radiography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 26750190
DOI: No ID Found -
Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires Mar 2022Pneumomediastinum, which can be spontaneous or secondary, is defined by the presence of free air in the mediastinum as shown on a chest X-ray and/or chest CT, with or... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Pneumomediastinum, which can be spontaneous or secondary, is defined by the presence of free air in the mediastinum as shown on a chest X-ray and/or chest CT, with or without subcutaneous emphysema. Secondary pneumomediastinum develops in various contexts (thoracic traumatism, perforation of central airway or digestive tract, pneumothorax, barotraumatism complicating mechanical ventilation…). Spontaneous pneumomediastinum , which will be the focus of this review, develops without any of the above-mentioned conditions.
STATE OF ART
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare entity which usually occurs in young people either without medical history or with an history of asthma. A trigger event is detected in 40% to 60% of cases. Positive diagnosis is made on chest radiographt but thoracic CT is more sensitive. Distinction between spontaneous pneumomediastinum and secondary pneumomediastinum is in general easy but may sometimes be more difficult, particularly in case of oesophageal perforation. The evolution of spontaneous pneumomediastinum is most often benign but, rare complications may occur. Management is most often conservative.
PERSPECTIVES
There is no consensual management of spontaneous pneumediastinum because of the lack of randomized prospective studies. This may be explained by the rarity of the disease. The actual trend is to offer to the patients a conservative treatment, which could be ambulatory in some cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare entity developing mainly in young subjects. The evolution is in general benign, justifying a conservative approach.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema; Mediastinum; Pneumothorax; Prospective Studies; Subcutaneous Emphysema
PubMed: 35331625
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2021.12.004 -
Pulmonology 2020
Topics: Barotrauma; Cannula; Diving; Humans; Incidence; Male; Mediastinal Emphysema; Mediastinum; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Pressure; Radiography, Thoracic; Subcutaneous Emphysema; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 31735688
DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2019.09.010 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Jul 2020A case is presented highlighting the emerging association of COVID-19 with pneumomediastinum, even in patients who have never received mechanical ventilation or positive...
A case is presented highlighting the emerging association of COVID-19 with pneumomediastinum, even in patients who have never received mechanical ventilation or positive airway pressure.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Computed Tomography Angiography; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Male; Mediastinal Emphysema; Middle Aged; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32628129
DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0247 -
Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 202074 year-old-man, former smoker, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease GOLD grade 4, group D, with emphysema component, treated in a pulmonary rehabilitation...
74 year-old-man, former smoker, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease GOLD grade 4, group D, with emphysema component, treated in a pulmonary rehabilitation program, on oxygen therapy and nocturnal bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation. During the night he had a traumatic rib fracture (5-11th right ribs) but still he used BiPAP ventilation during the sleep. In the morning after he presented with a diffuse and massive emphysema in the face, thorax and abdominal regions. On physical examination, the patient presented with massive swelling and crepitus on palpation. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed a diffuse subcutaneous emphysema and revealed a mediastinal emphysema and bilateral small pneumothorax. A fast resolution of the emphysema was of paramount importance as the patient was severely agitated due to his inability to open both eyes, and the need to reintroduce BiPAP ventilation as soon as possible. It was placed a fenestrated subcutaneous catheter on left hemithorax and a subcutaneous ostomy on right hemithorax for comparative purpose. It was also performed a confluent centripetal massage towards drainage orifices, with immediate and substantial improvement of emphysema, especially in left hemithorax, and progressive ocular opening. Further emphysema absorption occurred during hospitalization.
Topics: Aged; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Humans; Male; Mediastinal Emphysema; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Rib Fractures; Subcutaneous Emphysema; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33355081
DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2020.63 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Feb 2022
Topics: Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema; Skin; Subcutaneous Emphysema
PubMed: 35438627
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0016 -
Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging Sep 2022
Topics: Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema; Neck; Subcutaneous Emphysema; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 35760727
DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2022.06.005 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Jun 2018
Topics: Adult; Chest Pain; Humans; Male; Mediastinal Emphysema; Radiography, Thoracic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 29947201
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0132