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Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Jun 2018
Topics: Adult; Chest Pain; Humans; Male; Mediastinal Emphysema; Radiography, Thoracic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 29947201
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0132 -
Lakartidningen Jan 2018A previously healthy 21-year old man presented to the emergency department with sudden onset central chest pain exacerbated by breathing. A plain chest X-ray showed air...
A previously healthy 21-year old man presented to the emergency department with sudden onset central chest pain exacerbated by breathing. A plain chest X-ray showed air within the mediastinum and pericardium confirmed by a CT scan with contrast. The patient history did not raise suspicion of any concomitant disease and the diagnosis of spontaneous pneumomediastinum with pneumopericardium was made. The patient recovered completely over the next few days with bed rest and analgesics. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon disease caused by rupture of perivascular alveoli causing air leakage to the mediastinum. The condition is benign and self-resolving in most cases. Pneumopericardium, a rare complication to spontaneous pneumomediastinum, is also usually self-resolving but may cause cardiac tamponade requiring intervention. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum must be differentiated from secondary pneumomediastinum caused by an underlying condition, such as esofageal rupture, trauma or infection, which may require specific treatment.
Topics: Acute Pain; Algorithms; Chest Pain; Humans; Male; Mediastinal Emphysema; Pneumopericardium; Radiography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 29319833
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicina Clinica Oct 2017
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Male; Mediastinal Emphysema; Radiography, Thoracic
PubMed: 28040241
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.11.013 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema
PubMed: 37721139
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0394 -
The American Journal of Emergency... Dec 2016
Topics: Female; Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema; Pneumorrhachis; Subcutaneous Emphysema; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 27321940
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.06.034 -
The American Journal of Medicine Aug 2021
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Mediastinal Emphysema
PubMed: 33812861
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.02.025 -
La Revue Du Praticien Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema
PubMed: 38354011
DOI: No ID Found -
Current HIV Research 2022Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a chronic infectious disease with high mortality and is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Pneumonia caused by HIV...
BACKGROUND
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a chronic infectious disease with high mortality and is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Pneumonia caused by HIV is common, but it rarely causes spontaneous mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 21-year-old man with severe pneumonia was hospitalized owing to dyspnea that had been persisting for 1 day; blood test results confirmed HIV infection. Initial chest Computed Tomography (CT) did not reveal mediastinal or subcutaneous emphysema. However, after 21 days of treatment, the patient experienced discomfort in the neck region and experienced the feeling of snowflakes on applying pressure. Chest CT showed mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema, located in the bilateral cervical roots, anterior upper chest wall, left axillary chest wall, mediastinum, and other parts. Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) of the sputum and blood samples suggested multiple pathogenic infections. Antiinfection treatment was initiated, and changes in the patient's condition were monitored. The patient's subcutaneous emphysema improved during the follow-up.
CONCLUSION
In HIV-infected patients with sudden mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema, mNGS can be used to determine the etiological agent during symptomatic treatment. Targeted antipathogen therapy is helpful in improving the condition of patients with subcutaneous emphysema.
Topics: Male; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Mediastinal Emphysema; Mediastinum; HIV; HIV Infections; Subcutaneous Emphysema
PubMed: 36043739
DOI: 10.2174/1570162X20666220829143802 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... Oct 2021
Review
Topics: Facial Bones; Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema; Orthognathic Surgery; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Orthopedic Procedures
PubMed: 34620424
DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.06.027 -
Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983) Mar 2017In France, cocaine is the second most commonly used illicit drug after cannabis. It can be responsible for many respiratory disorders among which pneumomediastinum. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
In France, cocaine is the second most commonly used illicit drug after cannabis. It can be responsible for many respiratory disorders among which pneumomediastinum.
OBJECTIVES
Systematic literature review of data on pneumediastinum in cocaine users. Documentary sources. Medline, on the period 1980-2016 with the keywords "pneumomediastinum" and "cocaine" or "free-base" or "freebasing" or "crack"; limits "title/abstract"; the selected languages were English or French. Among 72 articles, 48 abstracts have given use to a dual reading to select 37 studies.
RESULTS
Thirty-five selected articles related 44 subjects (sex-ratio: 5.2) whose age ranged from 15 to 36 years. Fourteen subjects used cocaine nasally and 30 others smoked it (12 as free-base and 18 in the form of crack). Thirty-two subjects had an isolated pneumomediastinum and 12 others had a pneumomediastinum combined with other gaseous effusions (pneumothorax, pneumopericardium, pneumoperitoneum or pneumorachis). Chest pain of sudden onset in the most common symptom which is often associated with tightness or swelling of the neck; more rarely there are dyspnea and/or a dry cough. The time between taking cocaine and the onset of the symptoms varies from a few minutes to 3 days. The course is usually good with healing in 1 to 4 days.
CONCLUSION
Cocaine use may be responsible for spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Practitioners must seek cocaine use in case of pneumomediastinum in a young person and consider the diagnosis in the case of sudden chest pain in cocaine users; they must help them to stop their consumption.
Topics: Cocaine-Related Disorders; Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema
PubMed: 28189373
DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2017.01.002