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Journal of Medical Economics Nov 2021
Topics: Asia; Developing Countries; Economics, Medical; Humans; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 34859736
DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2021.2014164 -
Patient and Public Involvement in Health Economics Modelling Raises the Need for Normative Guidance.PharmacoEconomics Jul 2023Patient and public involvement in health economics research and health technology assessment has been increasing for some time; however, patient and public involvement...
Patient and public involvement in health economics research and health technology assessment has been increasing for some time; however, patient and public involvement in health economics modelling is a more recent development. One reason to advance this type of involvement is to help appropriately manage the social and ethical value judgements that are required throughout model development and interpretation. At the same time, patient and public involvement in health economics modelling raises numerous practical and philosophical issues that invite discussion and debate. Recently, we attended an engagement event which invited patients, members of the public, researchers and decision-makers to discuss some of these issues. One priority that emerged in the discussion was to develop normative guidance for patient and public involvement in health economics modelling. In this article, we reflect on this goal from our own perspective, focusing on why normative guidance is needed and what questions that guidance should answer.
Topics: Economics, Medical; Models, Economic
PubMed: 37106229
DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01274-7 -
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology Mar 2020Current recommendations for glaucoma screening are decidedly neutral. No studies have yet documented improved long-term outcomes for individuals who undergo glaucoma... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Current recommendations for glaucoma screening are decidedly neutral. No studies have yet documented improved long-term outcomes for individuals who undergo glaucoma screening versus those who do not. Given the long duration that would be required to detect a benefit, future studies that may answer this question definitively are unlikely. Nevertheless, advances in artificial intelligence and telemedicine will lead to more effective screening at lower cost. With these new technologies, additional research is needed to determine the costs and benefits of screening for glaucoma.
RECENT FINDINGS
Using optic disc photographs and/or optical coherence tomography, deep learning systems appear capable of diagnosing glaucoma more accurately than human graders. Eliminating the need for expert graders along with better technologies for remote imaging of the ocular fundus will allow for less expensive screening, which could enable screening of individuals with otherwise limited healthcare access. In India and China, where most glaucoma remains undiagnosed, glaucoma screening was recently found to be cost-effective.
SUMMARY
Recent advances in artificial intelligence and telemedicine have the potential to increase the accuracy, reduce the costs, and extend the reach of screening. Further research into implementing these technologies in glaucoma screening is required.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Deep Learning; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Economics, Medical; Glaucoma; Humans; Telemedicine; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 31904596
DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000649 -
Value in Health : the Journal of the... Jan 2021
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Age Factors; Chickenpox Vaccine; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Economics, Medical; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Vaccines
PubMed: 33431140
DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2020.11.006 -
PharmacoEconomics Feb 2016'Big data' is the collective name for the increasing capacity of information systems to collect and store large volumes of data, which are often unstructured and time... (Review)
Review
'Big data' is the collective name for the increasing capacity of information systems to collect and store large volumes of data, which are often unstructured and time stamped, and to analyse these data by using regression and other statistical techniques. This is a review of the potential applications of big data and health economics, using a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) approach. In health economics, large pseudonymized databases, such as the planned care.data programme in the UK, have the potential to increase understanding of how drugs work in the real world, taking into account adherence, co-morbidities, interactions and side effects. This 'real-world evidence' has applications in individualized medicine. More routine and larger-scale cost and outcomes data collection will make health economic analyses more disease specific and population specific but may require new skill sets. There is potential for biomonitoring and lifestyle data to inform health economic analyses and public health policy.
Topics: Data Collection; Databases, Factual; Economics, Medical; Health Policy; Humans; Information Storage and Retrieval; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Precision Medicine; United Kingdom
PubMed: 26093888
DOI: 10.1007/s40273-015-0306-7 -
PharmacoEconomics Feb 2016
Topics: Data Collection; Economics, Medical; Humans; Information Storage and Retrieval; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 26809339
DOI: 10.1007/s40273-015-0378-4 -
GMS Journal For Medical Education 2019Economic topics appear in the medical studies curriculum at different times. Despite socio-political relevance, there is hardly any information about the degree of...
Economic topics appear in the medical studies curriculum at different times. Despite socio-political relevance, there is hardly any information about the degree of understanding that medical students have of "economics in medicine". The present study addresses the questions: What understanding of "economics in medicine" do medical students have before the start of the Practical Year? To what extent is economic teaching content understood as "economization" from outside the profession? Magdeburg medical students in the 5 year of study, who participated in preparatory seminars for the Practical Year (PY) in 2014 and 2015 (60 participants each), assessed the relevance of various seminar topics four months prior to the start of the semester. On the basis of a three-stage qualitative-reconstructive partial evaluation, students' economic understanding is explored through secondary analysis: deductive derivation of the analysis units; integrative basic method ("segmentation", "micro-linguistic detailed analysis", "central theme"); development of a theoretical model by placing the central themes in context following Grounded Theory. Based on the theory, 19 free-text answers with economic reference were identified from the total of all free-text answers. Each answer was assigned to at least one of a total of six themes of the students' understanding of economics: de-professionalizing economization, deciding and working economically, ambivalent requirements for efficiency and equity, the doctor as an entrepreneur, economics as relevant learning content, PY as a conflict-laden setting for economized working and learning. The theoretical model contains social, praxeological and professional references, which can themselves be ambivalent and conflicting. Despite their critical attitude, the surveyed medical students are neither hostile to economics nor do they regard economics in medicine as a taboo subject. Economic learning content is recognized as relevant. Educational formats that tackle the tension between patient and system orientation in a problem-oriented manner can be a productive setting for economic reflection.
Topics: Curriculum; Economics, Medical; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Germany; Humans; Learning; Qualitative Research; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31544141
DOI: 10.3205/zma001249 -
Journal of the National Cancer... Jul 2022The National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Control and Population Science hosted a virtual conference on the Future of Cancer Health Economics Research and...
The National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Control and Population Science hosted a virtual conference on the Future of Cancer Health Economics Research and included a presentation from a workgroup that considered current challenges and future directions in health economics research centered on cancer treatment. The workgroup identified 3 broad categories of focus: data limitations, opportunities for training for clinicians and health economists interested in collaboration, and the need for prospective economic study of cancer treatment. Within these areas of focus, the workgroup recommended the following: improvement of the availability of key economic measures in data available to researchers, creation of more comprehensive datasets robust to insurance type or coverage, development of cancer care health economics research-focused symposia, instituting clear mechanisms to support integration of economic analyses alongside clinical trials, development of standardized methods to measure the cost of cancer care to health-care systems and patients, and development of standardized evaluations that include measures of social determinants of health.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Economics, Medical; Humans; Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Research Personnel
PubMed: 35788370
DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgac009 -
JAMA Nov 2023
Topics: Aged; Humans; Fees, Medical; Medicare; Physicians; United States
PubMed: 37988093
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.18969 -
JAMA Nov 2023
Topics: Aged; Humans; Fees, Medical; Medicare; Physicians; United States
PubMed: 37988096
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.18960