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JAMA Nov 2023
Topics: Aged; Humans; Fees, Medical; Medicare; Physicians; United States
PubMed: 37988093
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.18969 -
JAMA Nov 2023
Topics: Aged; Humans; Medicare; United States; Fees, Medical; Physicians
PubMed: 37988094
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.18966 -
Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics &... Aug 2018The importance of pharmacoeconomics and health economics has been augmented. It has the potential to provide evidence to aid in optimal decision-making in the funding of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The importance of pharmacoeconomics and health economics has been augmented. It has the potential to provide evidence to aid in optimal decision-making in the funding of cost-effective medicines and services in Gulf Cooperation Council countries (G.C.C).
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the quality and quantity of health economic researches published until the end of 2017 in G.C.C. and to identify the factors that affect the quality of studies.
METHOD
Studies were included according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quantity was recorded, and the quality was assessed using the Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument.
RESULTS
Forty-nine studies were included. The mean (SD) quality score of all studies was 57.83 (25.05), and a high number of reviewed studies (47%) were evaluated as either poor or extremely poor quality. The factors that affect the quality of studies with statistical significance were, the type and method of economic evaluation, the economic outcome was the objective of the research, author`s background, the perspective of the study, health intervention and source of funding.
CONCLUSION
The use of economic evaluation studies in G.C.C was limited. Different factors that affect the quality of articles such as performing a full economic evaluation and choosing societal perspective were identified. Strategies to improve the quality of future studies were recommended.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Decision Making; Economics, Medical; Economics, Pharmaceutical; Health Services Research; Humans; Middle East; Research Design
PubMed: 29779401
DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2018.1479254 -
Value in Health : the Journal of the... 2016Patient-centered care has become increasingly important and relevant for informed health care decision making. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Patient-centered care has become increasingly important and relevant for informed health care decision making.
OBJECTIVE
Our study aimed to perform a systematic review of health economic evaluation studies from the patient's perspective.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central databases were searched through May 2014 for cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and cost-benefit studies using the patient's perspective in their analysis. The reporting quality of the studies was evaluated on the basis of Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards.
RESULTS
We identified 30 health economic evaluations using the patient's perspective, of which 7 were conducted in the United States, 9 in Europe, and 14 in Asian or other countries. Seventeen of 23 health conditions evaluated were chronic in nature. Among 12 studies that justified the use of the patient's perspective, patient's financial burden associated with medical treatment was the most commonly cited rationale. A total of 29, 17, and 15 studies examined direct medical, direct nonmedical, and indirect costs, respectively. Seventeen studies also included societal, governmental or payer's, and/or provider's perspective(s) in their analyses. Based on Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards, more than 20% of the reporting items in these studies were either partially satisfied or not satisfied.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a paucity of health economic evaluations conducted from the patient's perspective in the literature. For those studies using the patient's perspective, the true patient costs were not fully explored and study reporting quality was not optimal. With the increasing focus on patient-centered outcomes in health policy research, more frequent use of the patient's perspective in economic studies should be advocated.
Topics: Economics, Medical; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Patient-Centered Care; Patients; Research
PubMed: 27712720
DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.05.010 -
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... 2017
Topics: Economics, Medical; Managed Care Programs
PubMed: 28548013
DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000865 -
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... 2017
Topics: Economics, Medical
PubMed: 28548018
DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000864 -
Value in Health Regional Issues Jan 2024Most refugees and internally displaced people (IDP) stay in low- and middle-income settings. A substantial proportion are hosted by countries in sub-Saharan African... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Most refugees and internally displaced people (IDP) stay in low- and middle-income settings. A substantial proportion are hosted by countries in sub-Saharan African (SSA), which puts significant pressure on limited government healthcare budgets. As health economics may guide more optimal healthcare decision making, we scope the health economics literature on forcibly displaced populations in SSA to identify the nature and range of health economics evidence.
METHODS
We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed and gray literature in English published from 2000 to 2021. Our search terms comprised a combination of keywords related to refugees, SSA, and health economics. We followed a stepwise methodology consisting of the identification and selection of studies, extraction and charting of data.
RESULTS
We identified 29 health economics studies on refugees and IDPs in SSA covering different providers, interventions, and delivery platforms. Twenty-one articles studied the determinants of health, followed by 5 on the supply of healthcare and 2 concerned with economic evaluation and the demand for healthcare, respectively. We found an equal division of articles focusing on refugees and IDPs, as well as by settlement type. Mental health was the most frequently studied health area and Uganda was the most studied destination country.
CONCLUSIONS
The health economics literature on refugees in SSA remains limited. Our scoping review encourages future research to study a larger variety of healthcare systems and health economic topics such as economic evaluations, health financing and whole health systems to support resource allocation decisions and sustainable long-term solutions.
Topics: Humans; Refugees; Africa South of the Sahara; Delivery of Health Care; Economics, Medical; Mental Health
PubMed: 38064761
DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2023.10.008 -
Value in Health : the Journal of the... Apr 2022Health economic (HE) models are routinely used to support health policy and resource allocation decisions but are often considered "black boxes" that may be prone to...
OBJECTIVES
Health economic (HE) models are routinely used to support health policy and resource allocation decisions but are often considered "black boxes" that may be prone to error and bias. Open source models (OSMs) have been advocated to increase the transparency, credibility, and reuse of HE models. Previous studies have demonstrated interest in OSMs among the health economics and outcomes research community, but the number of OSMs remains low.
METHODS
We conducted an online survey of ISPOR (the leading professional society for health economics and outcomes research) members' perspectives on the usefulness of OSMs and barriers to their development and implementation.
RESULTS
Respondents (N = 230) included academics (27%), pharmaceutical (or related) industry representatives (23%), health research or consulting representatives (21%), governmental or nonprofit agency representatives (10%), and others (19%). Respondents were generally not familiar with barriers to the development and adoption of OSMs. Most agreed that OSMs would improve transparency (92%), efficiency (76%), and HE model reuse (86%) and promote confidence in using HE models (75%). The use of OSMs by health technology assessment authorities was considered a very important indicator of the usefulness of OSMs by 49% of respondents. Three-quarters of respondents perceived legal concerns and the ability to transfer data as important barriers to the development and use of OSMs.
CONCLUSIONS
Respondents believe that OSMs could increase the transparency, efficiency, and credibility of HE models, but that several barriers hamper their widespread adoption. Our results suggest that fundamental changes may be needed across the health economics and outcomes research community if OSMs are to become widely adopted.
Topics: Economics, Medical; Health Policy; Humans; Models, Economic; Surveys and Questionnaires; Technology Assessment, Biomedical
PubMed: 35365297
DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.10.001 -
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Dec 2015Biomedicine has made enormous progress in the last half century in treating common diseases. However, we are becoming victims of our own success. Causes of death... (Review)
Review
Biomedicine has made enormous progress in the last half century in treating common diseases. However, we are becoming victims of our own success. Causes of death strongly associated with biological aging, such as heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke-cluster within individuals as they grow older. These conditions increase frailty and limit the benefits of continued, disease-specific improvements. Here, we show that a "delayed-aging" scenario, modeled on the biological benefits observed in the most promising animal models, could solve this problem of competing risks. The economic value of delayed aging is estimated to be $7.1 trillion over 50 years. Total government costs, including Social Security, rise substantially with delayed aging--mainly caused by longevity increases--but we show that these can be offset by modest policy changes. Expanded biomedical research to delay aging appears to be a highly efficient way to forestall disease and extend healthy life.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Cost of Illness; Economics, Medical; Forecasting; Health Expenditures; Humans; Insurance, Health; Life Expectancy; Longevity; Medicare; United States; Value of Life
PubMed: 26684333
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025072 -
Journal of Comparative Effectiveness... Jul 2016
Topics: Curriculum; Economics, Medical; Education, Medical
PubMed: 27331631
DOI: 10.2217/cer-2016-0028