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The World Journal of Biological... Feb 2017
Topics: Consensus; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans
PubMed: 28079489
DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1273447 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jan 2019Differentiating melancholic and non-melancholic depressive disorders and evaluating whether they differ categorically or dimensionally has had a lengthy history, but has... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Differentiating melancholic and non-melancholic depressive disorders and evaluating whether they differ categorically or dimensionally has had a lengthy history, but has not previously been evaluated in a non-clinical adolescent sample.
METHODS
We studied a sample of 1579 senior high school students and evaluated the capacity of the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index (SMPI) to differentiate melancholic from non-melancholic depression, both using a 'top down' strategy of imposing a pre-established cut-off score and a 'bottom up' strategy of employing latent class analyses.
RESULTS
The two strategies respectively generated prevalence figures of 3.4% and 8.1% of the students having experienced a melancholic depressive episode and with the difference reflecting the LCA assigning some students who did not reach the pre-established cut-off score for the SMPI in the putative melancholic class. The principal latent class analysis failed to generate pristine melancholic and non-melancholic depressive classes, in that it also generated an 'intermediate' as well as a non-clinical depressive class. Both SMPI strategies identified similar symptoms-such as anhedonia and anergia-and several illness correlates that best differentiated those assigned melancholia status, and both strategies confirmed melancholia assignment being associated with factors indicative of more severe depressive disorders and of likely melancholic depression.
LIMITATIONS
Data were assessed by self-report only, only lifetime depression was assessed, and no other depressive diagnostic validating measure was administered.
CONCLUSIONS
The SMPI appears capable of identifying and differentiating melancholic from non-melancholic depression in a non-clinical adolescent sample.
Topics: Adolescent; Australia; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Latent Class Analysis; Male; Prevalence; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Self Report
PubMed: 30245251
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.024 -
Psychopathology 2020Since the introduction of DSM-III anhedonia has become a core depressive criterion and is defined as the loss of interest or pleasure. Although the origin of the word... (Review)
Review
Since the introduction of DSM-III anhedonia has become a core depressive criterion and is defined as the loss of interest or pleasure. Although the origin of the word goes back to the end of the 19th century and numerous anhedonic symptoms are described in classic texts on depression, this centrality in the diagnosis of depression is only recent. Anhedonia is best described as a symptom complex with unclear boundaries cutting across the tripartite model of the mind (affect, volition, and cognition). Popular concepts of anhedonia pertain to the pleasure cycle and positive affectivity. These concepts partially overlap and are often mixed up, but clearly stem from different theoretical backgrounds: the affective science of reward processing versus more general, dimensional modelling of affect. The former concept seems more suitable to understand anhedonic emotions, the latter more suitable to understand anhedonic mood or trait. This narrative review covers the history of "anhedonia," the different anhedonic phenomena, and psychopathological concepts. An attempt is made to go beyond a merely descriptive psychopathology. Neurobiological and psychological insights shed a light on how symptoms are made and interconnected; these insights possibly call for a new psychopathological language.
Topics: Adult; Anhedonia; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 32668436
DOI: 10.1159/000508773 -
Biological Psychiatry Feb 2015Depression is a multifactorial disorder with clinically heterogeneous features involving disturbances of mood and cognitive function. Noninvasive neuroimaging studies... (Review)
Review
Depression is a multifactorial disorder with clinically heterogeneous features involving disturbances of mood and cognitive function. Noninvasive neuroimaging studies have provided rich evidence that these behavioral deficits in depression are associated with structural and functional abnormalities in specific regions and connections. Recent advances in brain connectomics through the use of graph theory highlight disrupted topological organization of large-scale functional and structural brain networks in depression, involving global topology (e.g., local clustering, shortest-path lengths, and global and local efficiencies), modular structure, and network hubs. These system-level disruptions show important correlates with genetic and environmental factors, which provide an integrative perspective on mood and cognitive deficits in depressive syndrome. Moreover, research suggests that the pathologic networks associated with depression represent potentially valuable biomarkers for early detection of this disorder and they are likely to be regulated and recalibrated by using pharmacologic, psychological, and brain stimulation therapies. These connectome-based imaging studies present new opportunities to reconceptualize the pathogenesis of depression, improve our knowledge of the biological mechanisms of therapeutic effects, and identify appropriate stimulation targets to optimize the clinical response in depression treatment. Here, we summarize the current findings and historical understanding of structural and functional connectomes in depression, focusing on graph analyses of depressive brain networks. We also consider methodological factors such as sample heterogeneity and poor test-retest reliability of recordings due to physiological, head motion, and imaging artifacts to discuss result inconsistencies among studies. We conclude with suggestions for future research directions on the emerging field of imaging connectomics in depression.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Connectome; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Neural Pathways; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 25444171
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.08.009 -
BMC Surgery Feb 2016The interaction of depression and anesthesia and surgery may result in significant increases in morbidity and mortality of patients. Major depressive disorder is a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The interaction of depression and anesthesia and surgery may result in significant increases in morbidity and mortality of patients. Major depressive disorder is a frequent complication of surgery, which may lead to further morbidity and mortality.
LITERATURE SEARCH
Several electronic data bases, including PubMed, were searched pairing "depression" with surgery, postoperative complications, postoperative cognitive impairment, cognition disorder, intensive care unit, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
The suppression of the immune system in depressive disorders may expose the patients to increased rates of postoperative infections and increased mortality from cancer. Depression is commonly associated with cognitive impairment, which may be exacerbated postoperatively. There is evidence that acute postoperative pain causes depression and depression lowers the threshold for pain. Depression is also a strong predictor and correlate of chronic post-surgical pain. Many studies have identified depression as an independent risk factor for development of postoperative delirium, which may be a cause for a long and incomplete recovery after surgery. Depression is also frequent in intensive care unit patients and is associated with a lower health-related quality of life and increased mortality. Depression and anxiety have been widely reported soon after coronary artery bypass surgery and remain evident one year after surgery. They may increase the likelihood for new coronary artery events, further hospitalizations and increased mortality. Morbidly obese patients who undergo bariatric surgery have an increased risk of depression. Postoperative depression may also be associated with less weight loss at one year and longer. The extent of preoperative depression in patients scheduled for lumbar discectomy is a predictor of functional outcome and patient's dissatisfaction, especially after revision surgery. General postoperative mortality is increased.
CONCLUSIONS
Depression is a frequent cause of morbidity in surgery patients suffering from a wide range of conditions. Depression may be identified through the use of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 or similar instruments. Counseling interventions may be useful in ameliorating depression, but should be subject to clinical trials.
Topics: Critical Care; Delirium; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Pain, Postoperative; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26830195
DOI: 10.1186/s12893-016-0120-y -
JAMA Feb 2017
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans
PubMed: 28241337
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.0233 -
The World Journal of Biological... Sep 2018
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 30175952
DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1499274 -
Nature Nov 2014
Topics: Depressive Disorder; Humans; Male; Public Opinion; Quality of Life; Shame; Social Stigma; Suicide
PubMed: 25391922
DOI: 10.1038/515163a -
The British Journal of Psychiatry : the... Feb 2017Childhood maltreatment has been discussed as a risk factor for the development and maintenance of depression. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Childhood maltreatment has been discussed as a risk factor for the development and maintenance of depression.
AIMS
To examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult depression with regard to depression incidence, severity, age at onset, course of illness and treatment response.
METHOD
We conducted meta-analyses of original articles reporting an association between childhood maltreatment and depression outcomes in adult populations.
RESULTS
In total, 184 studies met inclusion criteria. Nearly half of patients with depression reported a history of childhood maltreatment. Maltreated individuals were 2.66 (95% CI 2.38-2.98) to 3.73 (95% CI 2.88-4.83) times more likely to develop depression in adulthood, had an earlier depression onset and were twice as likely to develop chronic or treatment-resistant depression. Depression severity was most prominently linked to childhood emotional maltreatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Childhood maltreatment, especially emotional abuse and neglect, represents a risk factor for severe, early-onset, treatment-resistant depression with a chronic course.
Topics: Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Depressive Disorder; Humans
PubMed: 27908895
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.180752 -
Psychological Medicine Apr 2017Cognitive dysfunction in depression is associated with poorer clinical outcomes and impaired psychosocial functioning. However, most treatments for depression do not...
Cognitive dysfunction in depression is associated with poorer clinical outcomes and impaired psychosocial functioning. However, most treatments for depression do not specifically target cognition. Neurocognitive deficits such as memory and concentration problems tend to persist after mood symptoms recover. Improving cognition in depression requires a better understanding of brain systems implicated in depression. A comprehensive approach is warranted for refined methods of assessing and treating cognitive dysfunction in depression.
Topics: Cognitive Dysfunction; Depressive Disorder; Humans
PubMed: 27938430
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291716003123