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Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Feb 2022Persistent memory complaints following concussion often do not coincide with evidence of objective memory impairment. To the extent this clinical presentation represents...
INTRODUCTION
Persistent memory complaints following concussion often do not coincide with evidence of objective memory impairment. To the extent this clinical presentation represents Functional Cognitive Disorder (FCD), we would expect preservation or even enhancement of memory for instances of forgetting, based on two lines of prior evidence. First, emotional arousal enhances autobiographical memory. People who experience memory lapses as worrisome may better remember them. Second, individuals with FCD can paradoxically provide detailed accounts of memory lapses compared to patients with neurodegenerative disease, who tend to provide vague examples. The current study aimed to better characterize the recall of forgetting events in people with subjective memory problems following concussion.
METHODS
The study sample consisted of adults with chronic post-concussion symptoms (N = 37, M = 42.7 years old; 70.27% women; M = 24.9 months post-injury) and normal-range performance on conventional neuropsychological tests. Participants completed a measure of memory complaint severity and the Autobiographical Interview (AI). The AI was used to quantify the richness of narrative recollections of recent instances when they forgot something and (control) personal events that did not involve forgetting. Linear regression modeling assessed the relationship between memory complaint severity and AI variables, including narrative details, valence, arousal, and rehearsal of memories.
RESULTS
There was no association between memory complaint severity and memory for forgetting vs. control events. We further found no association between memory complaint severity and AI performance overall (collapsing across forgetting and control events). Participants with greater memory complaints experienced past memory lapses as more negative than control memories, but did not consistently differ on other AI phenomenological variables.
CONCLUSION
Autobiographical recall of memory lapses appears preserved but not selectively heightened in people who report experiencing severe memory problems long after concussion. This inconsistency supports conceptualization of persistent memory complaints after concussion as FCD.
Topics: Adult; Brain Concussion; Female; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders; Memory, Episodic; Mental Recall; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuropsychological Tests; Post-Concussion Syndrome
PubMed: 35536243
DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2067326 -
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Jan 2019Cognitive and emotional impairment are a serious consequence of stress exposure and are core features of neurological and psychiatric conditions that involve memory... (Review)
Review
Cognitive and emotional impairment are a serious consequence of stress exposure and are core features of neurological and psychiatric conditions that involve memory disorders. Indeed, acute and chronic stress are high-risk factors for the onset of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), two devastating brain disorders associated with memory dysfunction. Besides the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, stress response also involves the activation of the opioid system in brain regions associated with stress regulation and memory processing. In this context, it is possible that stress-induced memory disorders may be attributed to alterations in the interaction between the neuroendocrine stress system and the opioid system. In this review, we: (1) describe the effects of acute and chronic stress on memory, and the modulatory role of the opioid system, (2) discuss the contribution of the opioid system to the pathophysiology of PTSD and AD, and (3) present evidence of current and potential therapies that target the opioid receptors to treat PTSD- and AD-associated symptoms.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Humans; Limbic System; Memory Disorders; Opioid Peptides; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 30118823
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.011 -
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology :... May 2018The rationale for and factors related to embedding a neuropsychologist in the midst of a neurology-based memory disorder clinic are discussed. Common conditions... (Review)
Review
The rationale for and factors related to embedding a neuropsychologist in the midst of a neurology-based memory disorder clinic are discussed. Common conditions encountered are briefly reviewed, along with an evaluation aimed at assisting with differential diagnosis. Advice for neuropsychologists is offered in terms of creating and refining a working model in a neurology clinic and strategies to improve communication and effectiveness are presented.
Topics: Humans; Memory Disorders; Neurology; Neuropsychology; Patient Care Team
PubMed: 29718078
DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx128 -
Clinical Rehabilitation Jul 2016To establish what aspects of group-based cognitive rehabilitation for memory problems are reported, and to develop a checklist for authors, which may to improve... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To establish what aspects of group-based cognitive rehabilitation for memory problems are reported, and to develop a checklist for authors, which may to improve reporting of these interventions in future studies.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic search was conducted on Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE and PsycINFO electronic databases (last search: 01/05/2015).
REVIEW METHODS
Articles were included if the sample were adults with a neurological disorder, the intervention was group-based cognitive rehabilitation for memory problems, and if the study was a randomised controlled trial. Articles were independently screened for inclusion and data extracted by two researchers, with the third researcher arbitrating any disputes.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies were included in this review. The reporting of certain aspects of an intervention was found to be poor, particularly in relation to: duration of the programme (6 of 14 studies did not report), the development of the intervention (7 of 14 studies did not discuss), and the content and structure of intervention (7 of the 14 studies did not provide details).
CONCLUSION
This review found that the overall reporting of memory rehabilitation content and format is poor. Refinement and adaption of pre-existing checklists to capture aspects of cognitive rehabilitation programmes may help authors when reporting complex interventions. A draft checklist is provided that could be refined and validated in further research.
Topics: Humans; Memory Disorders; Psychotherapy, Group
PubMed: 26229110
DOI: 10.1177/0269215515595273 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jan 2023Learning and memory play a fundamental role on brain cognitive functions which are crucial for human life. Nonylphenol (NP), a serious environmental pollutant over the... (Review)
Review
Learning and memory play a fundamental role on brain cognitive functions which are crucial for human life. Nonylphenol (NP), a serious environmental pollutant over the world, is proven to be harmful for learning and memory mainly via diet exposure. Currently, besides the administrative restrictions for the use of NP, there are rarely other effective approaches against learning and memory impairment caused by NP. This review summarized the mechanisms underlying NP-induced learning and memory impairment according to in vivo and in vitro experiments. Based on the studies involved in behavior tests, these mechanisms were classified as oxidative stress, neurotransmitter disorder, synaptic plasticity impairment, and neuron injury. In addition, according to the studies which did not conduct behavior tests, the possible mechanisms underlying NP-induced learning and memory impairment were proposed as chronic inflammation and gut permeability increment. Furthermore, this review also revealed the demanding questions for the mechanism investigations and therapeutic methods. Notably, the summarized mechanisms might accelerate the prevention and remediation of NP-induced learning and memory impairment.
Topics: Humans; Learning; Memory Disorders; Brain; Phenols; Hippocampus
PubMed: 36434456
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24278-w -
Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No... Apr 2016Endocrine diseases affecting various organs, such as the pituitary gland, the thyroid, the parathyroid, the adrenal glands and the pancreas, occasionally cause dementia.... (Review)
Review
Endocrine diseases affecting various organs, such as the pituitary gland, the thyroid, the parathyroid, the adrenal glands and the pancreas, occasionally cause dementia. While Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia in the elderly and is untreatable, dementia caused by endocrine diseases is treatable in most cases. However, patients with dementia associated with endocrine diseases show memory impairments similar to those found in AD, often leading to misdiagnoses. Patients with endocrine diseases often present with other characteristic systemic and neuropsychiatric symptoms caused by altered hormone levels. Such neuropsychiatric symptoms include involuntary movements, depression, seizures, and muscle weakness. In these cases, abnormalities in imaging and blood or urine tests are helpful in making a differential diagnosis. As delays in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients may cause irreversible brain damage, it is imperative for clinicians to carefully exclude the possibility of latent endocrine diseases when treating patients with dementia.
Topics: Dementia; Depressive Disorder; Diagnosis, Differential; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Memory Disorders; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 27056858
DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416200412 -
Food & Function Nov 2020In this study, the effects of 6-paradol (6P) and 6-paradol-β-glucoside (6PG) on neuritogenesis were investigated using PC12 cells. Treatment with 200 μM 6P or 6PG and...
In this study, the effects of 6-paradol (6P) and 6-paradol-β-glucoside (6PG) on neuritogenesis were investigated using PC12 cells. Treatment with 200 μM 6P or 6PG and nerve growth factor (NGF) (5 ng mL-1) increased the number of elongated dendritic cells 8.7 and 5.4 times, respectively, compared to that with NGF (5 ng mL-1) treatment alone. 6P and 6PG did not stimulate the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)1/2 and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) pathway as their activities were suppressed by the pathway inhibitor, k252a. 6P enhanced Ca2+ influx into the cells, whereas 6PG had no effect on Ca2+ influx, although it stimulated PC12 cell differentiation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of 6PG in PC12 culture medium suggested that 6PG was deglycosylated to generate 6P, which exhibited the effect. Furthermore, the bioactivities of 6P and 6PG were investigated in mice, and the results revealed that they ameliorated short-term memory loss in animals during behavioral testing.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Glucosides; Guaiacol; Humans; Ketones; Male; Memory; Memory Disorders; Mice; PC12 Cells; Phosphorylation; Plant Extracts; Rats; Receptor, trkA; Seeds; Signal Transduction; Zingiberaceae
PubMed: 33094793
DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01975e -
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Nov 2021
Topics: Brain; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Memory Disorders; Memory, Short-Term; Nerve Net
PubMed: 34231225
DOI: 10.1111/ane.13494 -
European Archives of Psychiatry and... Jun 2018Affective hyper-reactivity and impaired cognitive control of emotional material are core features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). A high percentage of...
Affective hyper-reactivity and impaired cognitive control of emotional material are core features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). A high percentage of individuals with BPD experience stress-related dissociation, including emotional numbing and memory disruptions. So far little is known about how dissociation influences the neural processing of emotional material in the context of a working memory task in BPD. We aimed to investigate whole-brain activity and amygdala functional connectivity (FC) during an Emotional Working Memory Task (EWMT) after dissociation induction in un-medicated BPD patients compared to healthy controls (HC). Using script-driven imagery, dissociation was induced in 17 patients ('BPD_D'), while 12 patients ('BPD_N') and 18 HC were exposed to neutral scripts during fMRI. Afterwards, participants performed the EWMT with neutral vs. negative IAPS pictures vs. no distractors. Main outcome measures were behavioral performance (reaction times, errors) and whole-brain activity during the EWMT. Psychophysiological interaction analysis was used to examine amygdala connectivity during emotional distraction. BPD patients after dissociation induction showed overall WM impairments, a deactivation in bilateral amygdala, and lower activity in left cuneus, lingual gyrus, and posterior cingulate than BPD_N, along with stronger left inferior frontal gyrus activity than HC. Furthermore, reduced amygdala FC with fusiform gyrus and stronger amygdala FC with right middle/superior temporal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule was observed in BPD_D. Findings suggest that dissociation affects reactivity to emotionally salient material and WM. Altered activity in areas associated with emotion processing, memory, and self-referential processes may contribute to dissociative states in BPD.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amygdala; Analysis of Variance; Borderline Personality Disorder; Dissociative Disorders; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Memory Disorders; Memory, Short-Term; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Young Adult
PubMed: 28526931
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0806-x -
Journal of the International... Aug 2016Neuropsychological studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have revealed deficits in attention/working memory, processing speed, executive functioning, and...
OBJECTIVES
Neuropsychological studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have revealed deficits in attention/working memory, processing speed, executive functioning, and retrospective memory. However, little is known about prospective memory (PM) in PTSD, a clinically relevant aspect of episodic memory that supports the encoding and retrieval of intentions for future actions.
METHODS
Here we examined PM performance in 40 veterans with PTSD compared to 38 trauma comparison (TC) veterans who were exposed to combat but did not develop PTSD. All participants were administered the Memory for Intentions Test (MIST; Raskin, Buckheit, & Sherrod, 2010), a standardized and validated measure of PM, alongside a comprehensive neurocognitive battery, structured diagnostic interviews for psychiatric conditions, and behavioral questionnaires.
RESULTS
Veterans with PTSD performed moderately lower than TC on time-based PM, with errors primarily characterized as PM failure errors (i.e., omissions). However, groups did not differ in event-based PM, ongoing task performance, or post-test recognition of PM intentions for each trial. Lower time-based PM performance was specifically related to hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD. Time-based-performance was also associated with neuropsychological measures of retrospective memory and executive functions in the PTSD group. Nevertheless, PTSD was significantly associated with poorer PM above and beyond age and performance in retrospective memory and executive functions.
DISCUSSION
Results provide initial evidence of PM dysfunction in PTSD, especially in strategic monitoring during time-based PM tasks. Findings have potential implications for everyday functioning and health behaviors in persons with PTSD, and deserve replication and future study. (JINS, 2016, 22, 724-734).
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders; Memory, Episodic; Middle Aged; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Veterans; Young Adult
PubMed: 27353125
DOI: 10.1017/S1355617716000564