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Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Dec 2023Self-reported memory difficulties (forgetting familiar names, misplacing objects) often persist long after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), despite normal...
INTRODUCTION
Self-reported memory difficulties (forgetting familiar names, misplacing objects) often persist long after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), despite normal neuropsychological test performance. This clinical presentation may be a manifestation of a functional cognitive disorder (FCD). Several mechanisms underlying FCD have been proposed, including metacognitive impairment, memory perfectionism, and misdirected attention, as well as depression or anxiety-related explanations. This study aims to explore these candidate perpetuating factors in mTBI, to advance our understanding of why memory symptoms frequently persist following mTBI.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study of 67 adults (n = 39 with mTBI mean = 25 months ago and n = 28 healthy controls). Participants completed standardized questionnaires (including the Functional Memory Disorder Inventory), a metacognitive task (to quantify discrepancies between their trial-by-trial accuracy and confidence), and a brief neuropsychological test battery. We assessed candidate mechanisms in two ways: (1) between-groups, comparing participants with mTBI to healthy controls, and (2) within-group, examining their associations with functional memory symptom severity (FMDI) in the mTBI group.
RESULTS
Participants with mTBI performed similarly to controls on objective measures of memory ability but reported experiencing much more frequent memory lapses in daily life. Contrary to expectations, metacognitive efficiency did not differentiate the mTBI and control groups and was not associated with functional memory symptoms. Memory perfectionism was strongly associated with greater functional memory symptoms among participants with mTBI but did not differ between groups when accounting for age. Depression and checking behaviors produced consistent results across between-groups and within-group analyses: these factors were greater in the mTBI group compared to the control group and were associated with greater functional memory symptoms within the mTBI group.
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights promising (e.g., depression, checking behaviors) and unlikely (e.g., metacognitive impairment) mechanisms underlying functional memory symptoms after mTBI, to guide future research and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle Aged; Brain Concussion; Neuropsychological Tests; Cognitive Dysfunction; Young Adult; Memory Disorders; Metacognition; Depression
PubMed: 37602857
DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2247601 -
Epilepsia Nov 2023Predicting memory morbidity after temporal lobectomy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) relies on indices of preoperative temporal lobe structural and...
OBJECTIVE
Predicting memory morbidity after temporal lobectomy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) relies on indices of preoperative temporal lobe structural and functional integrity. However, epilepsy is increasingly considered a network disorder, and memory a network phenomenon. We assessed the utility of functional network measures to predict postoperative memory changes.
METHODS
Seventy-two adults with TLE (37 left/35 right) underwent preoperative resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and pre- and postoperative neuropsychological assessment. We compared functional connectivity throughout the memory network of each patient to a healthy control template (n = 19) to identify differences in global organization. A second metric indicated the degree of integration of the to-be-resected temporal lobe with the rest of the memory network. We included these measures in a linear regression model alongside standard clinical variables as predictors of memory change after surgery.
RESULTS
Left TLE patients with more atypical memory networks, and with greater functional integration of the to-be-resected region with the rest of the memory network preoperatively, experienced the greatest decline in verbal memory after surgery. Together, these two measures explained 44% of variance in verbal memory change, outperforming standard clinical and demographic variables. None of the variables examined was associated with visuospatial memory change in patients with right TLE.
SIGNIFICANCE
Resting-state connectivity provides valuable information concerning both the integrity of to-be-resected tissue and functional reserve across memory-relevant regions outside of the to-be-resected tissue. Intrinsic functional connectivity has the potential to be useful for clinical decision-making regarding memory outcomes in left TLE, and more work is needed to identify the factors responsible for differences seen in right TLE.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Temporal Lobe; Memory Disorders
PubMed: 37643922
DOI: 10.1111/epi.17767 -
Psychiatry Research Mar 2018Studies on the nature and extent of prospective memory impairment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder are relatively scarce. The present study examined...
Studies on the nature and extent of prospective memory impairment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder are relatively scarce. The present study examined prospective memory in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in comparison to patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Prospective memory was assessed using Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST). Further, the participants were administered Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Tower Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Stroop Test for assessing their planning ability, mental flexibility and cognitive inhibition, respectively. Monitoring was assessed by frequency of clock checking. Results indicated that as compared to healthy controls, the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder performed poorly on both time- and event-based prospective memory tasks, whereas, patients with schizophrenia performed poorly on time-based prospective memory task only. Further, both the patient groups had comparable performance across time- and event-based tasks. Results of error analysis indicated that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder mainly committed no response and task substitution errors, whereas patients with schizophrenia committed no response errors. Except monitoring, none of the neurocognitive variables correlated with time or event-based prospective memory in any group. The findings are discussed in the light of their implications for retraining of prospective memory deficits in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cognition; Executive Function; Female; Humans; Inhibition, Psychological; Male; Memory Disorders; Memory, Episodic; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Stroop Test; Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; Young Adult
PubMed: 29294457
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.032 -
Neuropsychology Review Mar 2017Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by executive dysfunction, and working memory (WM) comprises one core component of executive function. Many studies have... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by executive dysfunction, and working memory (WM) comprises one core component of executive function. Many studies have investigated WM impairments in individuals with ASD, however, a conclusive agreement has not been reached. The present study provided a meta-analytic review of WM impairments in individuals with ASD and evaluated potential moderating variables of this problem. Twenty-eight studies were included in this study, and the participants comprised 819 individuals with ASD and 875 healthy controls. A significant WM impairment (Cohen's d = -0.61) was identified in the individuals with ASD, however, this impairment was not associated with age. Results of moderation analyses showed that (a) spatial WM was more severely impaired than verbal WM and (b) the component of cognitive processing (maintenance vs. maintenance plus manipulation) did not affect the severity of WM impairments. These findings suggest that WM is impaired in individuals with ASD and may have implications for interventions related to WM impairments in these individuals.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Humans; Memory Disorders; Memory, Short-Term; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 28102493
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-016-9336-y -
Seminars in Speech and Language Apr 2018Episodic memory (EM) and scene construction are critical for organizing and understanding personally experienced events and for developing several aspects of social... (Review)
Review
Episodic memory (EM) and scene construction are critical for organizing and understanding personally experienced events and for developing several aspects of social cognition including self-concept, identity, introspection, future thinking, counterfactual reasoning, theory of mind, self-regulation, flexible problem-solving, and socially adaptive behavior. This article challenges the reader to think differently about EM in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as we expand our understanding of autobiographical memory that requires an ability to travel back in time and re-experience an event. The role of EM in cognitive and behavioral functioning for children with and without ASD is described. The value of story-based interventions such as Social Stories and Comic Strip Conversations for supporting EM is discussed with adaptations recommended to ensure a rich personal recall of an event. By focusing on EM and scene construction, there is potential for increasing the potency of story-based interventions for achieving maximum therapeutic impact.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Behavior Therapy; Child; Cognition; Humans; Memory Disorders; Memory, Episodic; Mental Recall
PubMed: 29558768
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628365 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2022Environmental hypoxic hazard has increasingly become a global public health issue, with impelling evidences supporting the relation between hypoxia and cognitive...
Environmental hypoxic hazard has increasingly become a global public health issue, with impelling evidences supporting the relation between hypoxia and cognitive disorders. As a potent stressor, hypoxia causes mitochondrial dysfunction with insufficient energy production, thus the formation of brain memory disorder. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanism/s against hypoxia induced injury have yet to be identified. Here, we report that cold inducible RNA binding protein (Cirbp) attenuates hypoxia induced insufficient energy production and oxidative stress. Further analyses show that Cirbp sustains protein levels of respiratory chain complexes II (SDHB) and IV (MT-CO1), and directly binds the 3'UTR of Atp5g3 to control mitochondrial homeostasis and ATP biogenesis upon hypoxic stress. Altogether, our data establish Cirbp as a critical protective factor against hypoxic health hazard and provide novel insights into its latent regulation network.
Topics: Brain; Humans; Hypoxia; Memory Disorders; Mitochondria; RNA-Binding Proteins
PubMed: 34715218
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151228 -
CNS Spectrums Jun 2022Many people present to health services with concern about cognitive symptoms. In a significant proportion those symptoms are not the result of pathologically defined...
OBJECTIVE
Many people present to health services with concern about cognitive symptoms. In a significant proportion those symptoms are not the result of pathologically defined brain disease. In some they are part of a functional cognitive disorder (FCD). We assessed the frequency of cognitive lapses in a non-clinical sample in order to consider the utility of frequency of cognitive lapses in diagnosing cognitive disorders.
METHODS
Healthy adults, who had never sought help for cognitive symptoms, completed a questionnaire, distributed via social media, about self-evaluation of cognitive function, frequency of cognitive lapses, and use of memory aids, including Schmitdke and Metternich's functional memory disorder (FMD) inventory.
RESULTS
One hundred and twenty-four adults, aged 18-59 (median 23), most with further or higher education, responded. Thirty-one (25%) reported "fair" or "poor" memory. Forty-eight (39%) reported memory worse than 5 years ago, and 30 (24%) reported memory worse than others the same age. Participants endorsed a mean 13/18 specific cognitive lapses at least monthly. One hundred and eleven (89%) scored ≥4, the suggested cutoff for the FMD inventory.
CONCLUSIONS
Cognitive lapses described in FCDs are common in highly educated adults. The high frequency of lapses in this healthy population suggests self-reported frequency of lapses alone cannot discriminate FCDs from "normal" experiences. Further research is required to clarify the role of abnormal metacognition in FCD. Better understanding of the factors moderating subjective interpretation of cognitive failures will also aid development of better clinical risk-stratification methods in people concerned about future dementia.
Topics: Adult; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Memory Disorders; Self Report; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33478616
DOI: 10.1017/S1092852920002096 -
Acta Medica Iranica 2015The aim of the study was to find whether there is an association between subjective memory complaint and memory impairment and probable underlying psychological...
The aim of the study was to find whether there is an association between subjective memory complaint and memory impairment and probable underlying psychological conditions. A total of 90 patients with subjective memory complaint enrolled in this study. Short history and demographic information were obtained and then the patients underwent memory and mental health assessments, using Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test tools. The mean age of the participants was 52.31 ± 17.97. Forty patients out of 90 (44.4%) were male. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and memory impairment was 10%, 12.2%, and 28.8%, respectively. Memory impairment has only shown a significant association with the presence of anxiety disorder according to the HADS findings (P=0.001). Regarding the MMPI, considerable differences were observed in the average grade of hysteria among patients with and without memory impairment: 8.38 ± 2.27 vs. 4.35 ± 1.96. There was also significant statistical association between the average score of depression on the MMPI in patients with and without memory impairment that were 13.7 ± 3.33 and 8.31 ±3.86, (P=0.03). The result of the current study shows that underlying psychological conditions such as anxiety, depression, and histrionic personality are associated with memory impairment.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; MMPI; Male; Memory; Memory Disorders; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Personality; Prevalence
PubMed: 26024700
DOI: No ID Found -
Cognitive Research: Principles and... Apr 2022Current theories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) propose that memory abnormalities are central to the development and persistence of symptoms. While the most...
Current theories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) propose that memory abnormalities are central to the development and persistence of symptoms. While the most notable memory disturbances in PTSD involve memory for the trauma itself, individuals often have trouble remembering aspects of everyday life. Further, people with PTSD may have difficulty segmenting ongoing activity into discrete units, which is important for our perception and later memory of the activity. The current study investigated whether PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity predicted event segmentation and memory for everyday activities. To do so, 63 people with PTSD and 64 controls with a trauma history watched, segmented, and recalled videos of everyday activities. Viewers with higher PTSD symptom severity showed lower agreement on locations of event boundaries and recalled fewer fine-grained actions than did those with lower symptom severity. These results suggest that PTSD symptoms alter event segmentation, which may contribute to subsequent memory disturbances.
Topics: Humans; Memory Disorders; Mental Recall; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 35467165
DOI: 10.1186/s41235-022-00386-6 -
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences Nov 2019Post-weaning social isolation of laboratory animals is known to induce many behavioural and neurochemical abnormalities, which resemble neuropsychiatric disorders such... (Review)
Review
Post-weaning social isolation of laboratory animals is known to induce many behavioural and neurochemical abnormalities, which resemble neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, they can help provide a suitable animal model to investigate the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms and explore potential drugs for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. Our recent studies have demonstrated that post-weaning social isolation of mice for no less than one week causes behaviour changes such as reduced attention, impaired social affiliation behaviour, and impaired conditional fear memories. Our neuropharmacological analyses have revealed that these behavioural features are modulated by different neuronal mechanisms, suggesting that post-weaning social isolation of mice can help provide an animal model with comorbid symptoms of patients with developmental disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and specific learning disability. In this review, we discuss the neuropharmacological features of developmental disorder-like behaviour induced by post-weaning social isolation in mice to offer new insights into the pathophysiology of developmental disorders and possible therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cholinergic Antagonists; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Agents; Memory Disorders; Mice; Motor Activity; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Neurogenesis; Social Behavior; Social Isolation
PubMed: 31708401
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.10.002