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American Family Physician Aug 2021
Topics: Disease Management; Female; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Menstruation; Menstruation Disturbances
PubMed: 34383457
DOI: No ID Found -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Sep 2018
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Congenital Abnormalities; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hematocolpos; Humans; Hymen; Menstruation Disturbances
PubMed: 30187850
DOI: No ID Found -
Minerva Ginecologica Oct 2018Gonadotropins and thyroid hormones are essential, respectively, for reproduction and metabolism. The classical endocrinological approach is based on the detection of... (Review)
Review
Gonadotropins and thyroid hormones are essential, respectively, for reproduction and metabolism. The classical endocrinological approach is based on the detection of axes that start from the hypothalamus and arrive at the final effector organ, in this case gonads and thyroid. However, several clues suggest that these axes do not work in parallel, but they dialogue with each other. In this article, we review evidences demonstrating crosstalk between gonadotropins and thyroid axis. Firstly, there is an undeniable structural similarity of both hormones and receptors, maybe due to a common ancient origin. This structural similarity leads to possible interaction at the receptor level, explaining the influence of thyroid stimulating hormone on gonadal development and vice versa. Indeed, altered levels of thyroid hormones could lead to different disorders of gonadal development and function throughout entire life, especially during puberty and fertile life. We here report the current knowledge on this item both in males and in females. In particular, we deepen the interaction between thyroid and gonads in two situations in females: polycystic ovary syndrome, the most frequent cause of menstrual alteration, and pregnancy.
Topics: Animals; Female; Gonadotropins; Gonads; Humans; Hypothalamus; Male; Menstruation Disturbances; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones
PubMed: 29999286
DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4784.18.04271-5 -
Anaesthesia Apr 2021In the UK, the proportion of female medical students has remained static over the last decade, at around 55%; however, at consultant level, only 36.6% of doctors are... (Review)
Review
In the UK, the proportion of female medical students has remained static over the last decade, at around 55%; however, at consultant level, only 36.6% of doctors are women. The reasons for this drop in numbers are not clear. Given the increase in number of female doctors in training, the proportion of female doctors at consultant level is lower than might be expected. This article discusses issues affecting the female medical workforce in anaesthesia, intensive care and pain medicine. It explores how gender stereotypes and implicit gender bias can affect the way women are perceived in the workplace, especially in leadership positions, and discusses health issues particular to the female medical workforce. While the issues in this article may not affect all women, the cumulative effect of being subject to gender stereotypes within a workplace not designed to accommodate the health needs of women may contribute to a work environment that may promote the attrition of women from our specialties.
Topics: Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Infertility; Menstruation Disturbances; Parental Leave; Sexism; Stereotyping; Workforce
PubMed: 33682097
DOI: 10.1111/anae.15359 -
The Journal of Obstetrics and... Apr 2023Endometriosis is a serious, chronic disorder where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, causing severe pelvic pain and infertility. It affects 11% of women....
Endometriosis is a serious, chronic disorder where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, causing severe pelvic pain and infertility. It affects 11% of women. Endometriosis is a multifactorial disorder of unclear etiology, although retrograde menstruation plays a major role. It has a genetic component with over 40 genetic risk factors mapped, although their mechanism of action is still emerging. New evidence suggests a role for retrograde menstruation of endometrial stem/progenitor cells, now that identifying markers of these cells are available. Recent lineage tracing and tissue clearing microscopy and 3D reconstruction has provided new understanding of endometrial glandular structure, particularly the horizontal orientation and interconnection of basalis glands. New sequencing technologies, particularly whole genome DNA sequencing are revealing somatic mutations, including in cancer driver genes, in normal and eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis, as well as ectopic endometriotic lesions. Methylome sequencing is offering insight into the regulation of genes and the role of the environmental factors. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals the transcriptome of individual endometrial cells, shedding new light on the diversity and range of cellular subpopulations of the major cell types present in the endometrium and in endometriotic lesions. New endometrial epithelial organoid cultures replicating glandular epithelium are providing tractable models for studying endometriosis. Organoids derived from menstrual fluid offer a non-invasive source of endometrial tissue and a new avenue for testing drugs and developing personalized medicine for treating endometriosis. These new approaches are rapidly advancing our understanding of endometriosis etiology.
Topics: Humans; Female; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Epithelium; Epithelial Cells; Menstruation Disturbances
PubMed: 36746607
DOI: 10.1111/jog.15549 -
BMC Women's Health Sep 2023Menstrual disturbances harm women's health, and general well-being. As growing evidence highlights the relationship between sleep and menstrual disturbances, it is...
BACKGROUND
Menstrual disturbances harm women's health, and general well-being. As growing evidence highlights the relationship between sleep and menstrual disturbances, it is imperative to comprehensively examine the association between sleep and menstrual disturbance considering the multiple dimensions of sleep. This systematic review aims to identify the association between sleep and menstrual disturbances by evaluating using Buysse's sleep health framework.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, psychINFO, and CINAHL to identify publications describing any types of menstrual disturbances, and their associations with sleep published between January 1, 1988 to June 2, 2022. Quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. The findings were iteratively evaluated menstrual disturbances and their association with sleep using Buysse's sleep health framework. This framework understands sleep as multidimensional concept and provides a holistic framing of sleep including Satisfaction, Alertness during waking hours, Timing of sleep, Efficiency, and Sleep duration. Menstrual disturbances were grouped into three categories: premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, and abnormal menstrual cycle/heavy bleeding during periods.
RESULTS
Thirty-five studies were reviewed to examine the association between sleep and menstrual disturbances. Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea were associated with sleep disturbances in sleep health domains of Satisfaction (e.g., poor sleep quality), Alertness during waking hours (e.g., daytime sleepiness), Efficiency (e.g., difficulty initiating/maintaining sleep), and Duration (e.g., short sleep duration). Abnormal menstrual cycle and heavy bleeding during the period were related to Satisfaction, Efficiency, and Duration. There were no studies which investigated the timing of sleep.
CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS
Sleep disturbances within most dimensions of the sleep health framework negatively impact on menstrual disturbances. Future research should longitudinally examine the effects of sleep disturbances in all dimensions of sleep health with the additional objective sleep measure on menstrual disturbances. This review gives insight in that it can be recommended to provide interventions for improving sleep disturbances in women with menstrual disturbance.
Topics: Female; Humans; Dysmenorrhea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Menstruation Disturbances; Premenstrual Syndrome; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 37658359
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02629-0 -
Headache Apr 2018Menstrual-related migraine is very prevalent, very disabling, yet very easy to manage given a good understanding of its cause.
PREMISE
Menstrual-related migraine is very prevalent, very disabling, yet very easy to manage given a good understanding of its cause.
POSSIBLE SOLUTION
This article is intended to help with that understanding and to enable headache specialists to prescribe or create effective hormonal preventives of menstrual-related migraine.
Topics: Adult; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Menstruation Disturbances; Migraine Disorders
PubMed: 29492961
DOI: 10.1111/head.13291 -
Pediatric Annals Sep 2015Menstrual suppression--the use of hormones to delay or eliminate menses--is often used in adolescents to manage conditions associated with the menstrual cycle and to... (Review)
Review
Menstrual suppression--the use of hormones to delay or eliminate menses--is often used in adolescents to manage conditions associated with the menstrual cycle and to accommodate lifestyle preferences. Reducing the frequency of menstrual bleeding does not cause any known physiologic harm and has potential short-term and long-term advantages. Different methods used for menstrual suppression, however, have associated risks and side effects that need to be weighed against the benefits of controlling menses. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of menstrual suppression and the different methods available for adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Contraceptive Devices, Female; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Female; Humans; Levonorgestrel; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; Menstruation; Menstruation Disturbances; Periodicity; Progestins; Transdermal Patch
PubMed: 26431242
DOI: 10.3928/00904481-20150910-11 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... May 2015Obese women often present with oligomenorrhoea, amenorrhoea or irregular periods. The association between obesity and heavy menstrual bleeding is not well documented and... (Review)
Review
Obese women often present with oligomenorrhoea, amenorrhoea or irregular periods. The association between obesity and heavy menstrual bleeding is not well documented and data on its prevalence are limited. While the investigation protocols should be the same as for women of normal weight, particular focus is required to rule out endometrial hyperplasia in obese women. The treatment modalities of menstrual disorders for obese women will be, in principle, similar to those of normal weight. However, therapeutic outcomes in terms of effectiveness and adverse outcomes need special consideration when dealing with women with a high body mass index (BMI). Here, different treatment strategies are reviewed paying particular attention to the effect of weight on their efficacy and the challenges of providing each treatment option. This chapter aims to review the current literature and address areas where further evidence is needed, which will subsequently influence clinical practice.
Topics: Amenorrhea; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Endometrial Ablation Techniques; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; Menorrhagia; Menstruation Disturbances; Obesity; Oligomenorrhea; Prevalence; Progestins
PubMed: 25467426
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.10.010 -
Current Opinion in Obstetrics &... Oct 2015Menstrual problems are known to be common amongst teenagers, but adequate recognition of the impact this may have on the adolescent and appropriate interventions that... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Menstrual problems are known to be common amongst teenagers, but adequate recognition of the impact this may have on the adolescent and appropriate interventions that are focussed on the needs of the adolescents are limited.
RECENT FINDINGS
To date, the impact of menstrually related problems on the quality of life of adolescents has been poorly studied. Although some studies report on the impact of, in particular, dysmenorrhoea on school absenteeism, less is known about the impact on psychosocial functioning. For other menstrual problems, even less is known. It is increasingly recognized that understanding the impact on quality of life is an important measure to better understand the impact of the health problem and also to ensure the optimal delivery of patient-centred healthcare. This review will explore the current tools available for assessment of quality of life in adolescents and then focus on the specific menstrual problems (dysmenorrhoea, heavy menses, oligo/amenorrhoea) and what is known about their impact on the general well being of young women.
SUMMARY
Cultural differences in the presentation and impact of menstrual problems appear to be present with a greater impact on psychosocial functioning found with particularly oligo/amenorrhoea. There is clearly room for further study to explore and then optimize care.
Topics: Absenteeism; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Health Services; Delivery of Health Care; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Menstruation Disturbances; Psychology, Adolescent; Quality of Life
PubMed: 26208045
DOI: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000199