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Trends in Cell Biology Mar 2021Mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk plays a crucial role in organ development and stem cell function. However, the identity of the mesenchymal cells involved in this... (Review)
Review
Mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk plays a crucial role in organ development and stem cell function. However, the identity of the mesenchymal cells involved in this exchange was unclear. Recent significant advances in single-cell transcriptomics have defined the heterogeneity of these mesenchymal niches. By combining multiomic profiling, animal models, and organoid culture, new studies have not only demonstrated the roles of diverse mesenchymal cell populations but also defined the mechanisms underlying their regulation of niche signals. Focusing on several digestive organs, we describe how similar and diverse mesenchymal cell populations promote organ development and maintain proper stem cell activity, and how the heterogeneity of mesenchymal niches is altered in digestive diseases such as inflammation and cancer.
Topics: Animals; Homeostasis; Inflammation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Neoplasms; Stem Cells
PubMed: 33349527
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.11.010 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Jul 2016Mammalian teeth harbour mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which contribute to tooth growth and repair. These dental MSCs possess many in vitro features of bone... (Review)
Review
Mammalian teeth harbour mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which contribute to tooth growth and repair. These dental MSCs possess many in vitro features of bone marrow-derived MSCs, including clonogenicity, expression of certain markers, and following stimulation, differentiation into cells that have the characteristics of osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Teeth and their support tissues provide not only an easily accessible source of MSCs but also a tractable model system to study their function and properties in vivo In addition, the accessibility of teeth together with their clinical relevance provides a valuable opportunity to test stem cell-based treatments for dental disorders. This Review outlines some recent discoveries in dental MSC function and behaviour and discusses how these and other advances are paving the way for the development of new biologically based dental therapies.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Minerals; Tooth; Translational Research, Biomedical; Wound Healing
PubMed: 27381225
DOI: 10.1242/dev.134189 -
Human Cell Jul 2020Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the capabilities of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. Firstly isolated from bone marrow, MSCs are subsequently... (Review)
Review
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the capabilities of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. Firstly isolated from bone marrow, MSCs are subsequently identified from various post-natal tissue types. Based the differentiation into tissue-specific cells, MSCs were capable of replacing damaged and diseased tissues. In addition, MSCs have been demonstrated to possess important immunomodulatory properties. Increasing data showed that MSCs exhibited tropism for sites of the tumor microenvironment and interacted with tumor cells closely through paracrine signaling. Therefore, better understanding of crosstalk between MSCs and tumor cells will be able to develop potential strategies in the treatment of tumors in the future. Herein, we summarize the research progress of the influence of MSCs on tumor cells and the prospect of their application in tumor therapy in this review.
Topics: Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Communication; Cell Differentiation; Immunomodulation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 32378164
DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00369-z -
Journal of the Royal Society, Interface Aug 2018Mesenchymal stem cells, characterized by their ability to differentiate into skeletal tissues and self-renew, hold great promise for both regenerative medicine and novel... (Review)
Review
Mesenchymal stem cells, characterized by their ability to differentiate into skeletal tissues and self-renew, hold great promise for both regenerative medicine and novel therapeutic discovery. However, their regenerative capacity is retained only when in contact with their specialized microenvironment, termed the Niches provide structural and functional cues that are both biochemical and biophysical, stem cells integrate this complex array of signals with intrinsic regulatory networks to meet physiological demands. Although, some of these regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood or difficult to harness with traditional culture systems. Biomaterial strategies are being developed that aim to recapitulate stem cell niches, by engineering microenvironments with physiological-like niche properties that aim to elucidate stem cell-regulatory mechanisms, and to harness their regenerative capacity In the future, engineered niches will prove important tools for both regenerative medicine and therapeutic discoveries.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Niche; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 30158185
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0388 -
Journal of Cellular Physiology Jun 2019Characteristic features like self-renewal, multilineage differentiation potential, and immune-modulatory/anti-inflammatory properties, besides the ability to mobilize... (Review)
Review
Characteristic features like self-renewal, multilineage differentiation potential, and immune-modulatory/anti-inflammatory properties, besides the ability to mobilize and home distant tissues make stem cells (SCs) a lifeline for an individual. Stem cells (SCs) if could be harvested and expanded without any abnormal change may be utilized as an all-in-one solution to numerous clinical ailments. However, slender understanding of their basic physiological properties, including expression potential, behavioral alternations during culture, and the effect of niche/microenvironment has currently restricted the clinical application of SCs. Among various types of SCs, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are extensively studied due to their easy availability, straightforward harvesting, and culturing procedures, besides, their less likelihood to produce teratogens. Large ruminant MSCs have been harvested from various adult tissues and fetal membranes and are well characterized under in vitro conditions but unlike human or other domestic animals in vivo studies on cattle/buffalo MSCs have mostly been aimed at improving the animals' production potential. In this document, we focused on the status and potential application of MSCs in cattle and buffalo.
Topics: Animals; Buffaloes; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Cell Proliferation; Cell Self Renewal; Cell Separation; Cells, Cultured; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Species Specificity
PubMed: 30515790
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27846 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024During the last three decades, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) were extensively studied, and are mainly considered within the setting of their regenerative and...
During the last three decades, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) were extensively studied, and are mainly considered within the setting of their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties in tissue regeneration [...].
Topics: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Humans; Regeneration; Animals; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Tissue Engineering; Regenerative Medicine; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 38732156
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094937 -
Chemistry and Physics of Lipids Oct 2020Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), such as adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs), are potential sources for cell-based...
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), such as adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs), are potential sources for cell-based therapeutic strategies. However, there is little knowledge about the lipid composition of these stem cells and the mechanisms of their differentiation. Lipids have important biological and physiological functions that are critical for understanding the regulation and control of stem cell fate. This study sought to analyze the lipidome of rabbit ADSCs and MDSCs and their adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. The MSCs were isolated and were characterized by flow cytometry. Lipids were extracted from both MSCs and differentiated cells, and the lipids were subsequently analyzed with a hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The results showed a total of 1687 lipid species. MSCs exhibited different lipid profiles as well as changes in lipid composition after differentiation. Furthermore, the expression levels of N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) 54:7+NH4 (-FA 17:0(NH4)) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) 42:6+Na were higher in the adipogenic lineages in of both MSC types, and NAPE 58:2+NH4 (-FA 17:0 (NH4)) and NAPE 56:2+NH4 (-FA 17:0 (NH4)) had higher levels in the osteogenic lineages, suggesting lipid similarities in cells differentiated from different stem cell sources.
Topics: Adipogenesis; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Gene Expression Regulation; Lipidomics; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteogenesis; Rabbits
PubMed: 32882223
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104964 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2021Regenerative medicine is concerned with the investigation of therapeutic agents that can be used to promote the process of regeneration after injury or in different... (Review)
Review
Regenerative medicine is concerned with the investigation of therapeutic agents that can be used to promote the process of regeneration after injury or in different diseases. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their secretome-including extracellular vesicles (EVs) are of great interest, due to their role in tissue regeneration, immunomodulatory capacity and low immunogenicity. So far, clinical studies are not very conclusive as they show conflicting efficacies regarding the use of MSCs. An additional process possibly involved in regeneration might be cell fusion. This process occurs in both a physiological and a pathophysiological context and can be affected by immune response due to inflammation. In this review the role of MSCs and cell fusion in tissue regeneration is discussed.
Topics: Bone Diseases; Cell Differentiation; Cell Fusion; Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Neoplasms; Paracrine Communication; Regenerative Medicine
PubMed: 34681639
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010980 -
Developmental Biology May 2018Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that display self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capacity. The repertoire of mature cells generated ranges but... (Review)
Review
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that display self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capacity. The repertoire of mature cells generated ranges but is not restricted to: fat, bone and cartilage. Their potential importance for both cell therapy and maintenance of in vivo homeostasis is indisputable. Nonetheless, both their in vivo identity and use in cell therapy remain elusive. A drawback generated by this fact is that little is known about the MSC niche and how it impacts differentiation and homeostasis maintenance. Hence, the roles played by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its main regulators namely: the Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their counteracting inhibitors (TIMPs and RECK) upon stem cells differentiation are only now beginning to be unveiled. Here, we will focus on mesenchymal stem cells and review the main mechanisms involved in adipo, chondro and osteogenesis, discussing how the extracellular matrix can impact not only lineage commitment, but, also, their survival and potentiality. This review critically analyzes recent work in the field in an effort towards a better understanding of the roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the above-cited events.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 29544769
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.002 -
Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews Feb 2019Culture expansion of MSCs has detrimental effects on various cell characteristics and attributes (e.g., phenotypic changes and senescence), which, in addition to... (Review)
Review
Culture expansion of MSCs has detrimental effects on various cell characteristics and attributes (e.g., phenotypic changes and senescence), which, in addition to inherent interdonor variability, negatively impact the standardization and reproducibility of their therapeutic potential. The identification of innate distinct functional MSC subpopulations, as well as the description of ex vivo protocols aimed at maintaining phenotypes and enhancing specific functions have the potential to overcome these limitations. The incorporation of those approaches into cell-based therapy would significantly impact the field, as more reproducible clinical outcomes may be achieved.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Cellular Senescence; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells
PubMed: 30165783
DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2018.0118