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Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Jul 2017In addition to being multi-potent, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory functions that have been investigated as potential treatments in various immune... (Review)
Review
In addition to being multi-potent, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory functions that have been investigated as potential treatments in various immune disorders. MSCs can robustly interact with cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, either through direct cell-cell contact or through their secretome. In this review, we discuss current findings regarding the interplay between MSCs and different immune cell subsets. We also draw attention to the mechanisms involved.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immune System; Immunomodulation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Models, Biological
PubMed: 28214990
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2473-5 -
European Journal of Cell Biology Jan 2017Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have extensive potentials, which make them attractive candidates for the developmental biology, drug discovery and regenerative medicine.... (Review)
Review
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have extensive potentials, which make them attractive candidates for the developmental biology, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. However, the use of MSCs is limited by their scarceness in tissues and in culture conditions. They also exhibit various degrees of potency which subsequently influencing their applications. Nowadays, questions remain about how self-renewal and differentiation of MSCs can be controlled in vitro and in vivo, how they will behave and migrate to the right place and how they modulate the immune system. Therefore, identification of factors and culture conditions to affect the fate and function of MSCs may be effective to enhance their applications in clinical situations. Studies have indicated that the fate of MSCs in culture is influenced by various external factors, including the specific cell source, donor age, plating density, passage number and plastic surface quality. Some other factors such as cell culture media and their supplementary factors, O concentration, mechano-/electro-stimuli and three-dimensional scaffolds are also shown to be influential. This review addresses the current state of MSC research for describing and discussing the findings about external factors that influence the fate and function of MSCs. Additionally, the new discoveries and suggestions regarding their molecular mechanisms will be explained.
Topics: Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells
PubMed: 27988106
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.11.003 -
Journal of Cellular Physiology Nov 2016Changes in epigenetic marks are known to be important regulatory factors in stem cell fate determination and differentiation. In the past years, the investigation of the... (Review)
Review
Changes in epigenetic marks are known to be important regulatory factors in stem cell fate determination and differentiation. In the past years, the investigation of the epigenetic regulation of stem cell biology has largely focused on embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Contrarily, less is known about the epigenetic control of gene expression during differentiation of adult stem cells (AdSCs). Among AdSCs, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most investigated stem cell population because of their enormous potential for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In this review, we analyze the main studies addressing the epigenetic changes in MSC landscape during in vitro cultivation and replicative senescence, as well as follow osteocyte, chondrocyte, and adipocyte differentiation. In these studies, histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and miRNA expression are among the most investigated phenomena. We describe also epigenetic changes that are associated with in vitro MSC trans-differentiation. Although at the at initial stage, the epigenetics of MSCs promise to have profound implications for stem cell basic and applied research. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2393-2401, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Models, Biological
PubMed: 26960183
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25371 -
Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Aug 2014There is significant interest in the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a potential therapeutic modality in disease and disorder, particularly those with an... (Review)
Review
There is significant interest in the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a potential therapeutic modality in disease and disorder, particularly those with an inflammation-based component such as coronary, renal and hepatic diseases. While there is no question that MSCs possess the capability to manipulate an ongoing inflammatory injury, the recruitment of these cells to injured sites is generally poor, and thus, open to manipulation. Enhancing the localised recruitment of MSCs to injured tissues may enhance the efficiency and efficacy of this mode of therapy. A number of techniques exist in the literature to improve the recruitment of MSCs to injured tissues, including the use of cytokines, chemical modifications and coating with either synthetic or biological particles. In addition to enhancing MSC recruitment, there is an increasing body of work examining techniques which may enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of these cells. This review will summarise the literature around these topics. This first section of this review summarises the current literature with regard to MSC homing and their recruitment during conditions of injury. In relation to the anti-inflammatory activity of MSCs, the role of systemic versus local activity will be discussed. The second part of the review focuses on the role of pretreatments in MSC therapy and how these may have potential for not only enhancing the recruitment of MSCs, but also their anti-inflammatory capabilities. In summary, it is clear that there is significant potential to improve the efficiency of MSC therapy and the techniques discussed in this review may be central to this in the future.
Topics: Animals; Cell Adhesion; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 24752328
DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9510-7 -
Biomolecules Mar 2020Mesenchymal stem cells serve as the body's reservoir for healing and tissue regeneration. In cases of severe tissue trauma where there is also a need for tissue...
Mesenchymal stem cells serve as the body's reservoir for healing and tissue regeneration. In cases of severe tissue trauma where there is also a need for tissue organization, a scaffold may be of use to support the cells in the damaged tissue. Such a scaffold should be composed of a material that can biomimic the mechanical and biological properties of the target tissues in order to support autologous cell-adhesion, their proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, we developed and assayed a new biocomposite made of unique collagen fibers and alginate hydrogel that was assessed for the ability to support mesenchymal cell-proliferation and differentiation. Analysis over 11 weeks in vitro demonstrated that the scaffold was biocompatible and supports the cells viability and differentiation to produce tissue-like structures or become adipocyte under differentiation medium. When the biocomposite was enriched with nano particles (NPs), mesenchymal cells grew well after uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled NPs, maintained their viability, migrated through the biocomposite, reached, and adhered to the tissue culture dish. These promising findings revealed that the scaffold supports the growth and differentiation of mesenchymal cells that demonstrate their full physiological function with no sign of material toxicity. The cells' functionality performance indicates and suggests that the scaffold is suitable to be developed as a new medical device that has the potential to support regeneration and the production of functional tissue.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Materials Testing; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 32188110
DOI: 10.3390/biom10030458 -
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2018Autoimmune disease is a refractory disease. Accumulating Evidence has revealed that the manipulation of mesenchymal stem cells may have the potential to control or even... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Autoimmune disease is a refractory disease. Accumulating Evidence has revealed that the manipulation of mesenchymal stem cells may have the potential to control or even treat autoimmune diseases. Human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are emerging as a new line of mesenchymal stem cells that have displayed some potential advantages in controlling and treating autoimmune diseases.
OBJECTIVE
In this review, we briefly update the current understanding on the biology of GMSCs and their effects on preventing and treating autoimmune diseases.
CONCLUSION
The availability of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs), together with their potent capacity of multi-directional differentiation and inflammatory modulation, making GMSCs an ideal subtype of MSCs in treating autoimmune disease. Our and other studies have launched the earliest appraisal on GMSCs and carried out a lot of biological researches. The clinical trial of GMSCs on patients with autoimmune diseases will further approve their therapeutic effects, as well as its cellular and molecular mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Gingiva; Humans; Immunomodulation; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells
PubMed: 29468980
DOI: 10.2174/1574888X13666180220141114 -
European Journal of Medical Research Jul 2016The stem cell as the building block necessary for tissue reparation and homeostasis plays a major role in regenerative medicine. Their unique property of being... (Review)
Review
The stem cell as the building block necessary for tissue reparation and homeostasis plays a major role in regenerative medicine. Their unique property of being pluripotent, able to control immune process and even secrete a whole army of anabolic mediators, draws interest. While new arthroscopic procedures and techniques involving stem cells have been established over the last decade with improved outcomes, failures and dissatisfaction still occur. Therefore, there is increasing interest in ways to improve the healing response. MSCs are particularly promising for this task given their regenerative potential. While methods of isolating those cells are no longer poses a challenge, the best way of application is not clear. Several experiments in the realm of basic science and animal models have recently been published, addressing this issue, yet the application in clinical practice has lagged. This review provides an overview addressing the current standing of MSCs in the field of arthroscopic surgery.
Topics: Animals; Arthroscopy; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells
PubMed: 27411303
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-016-0224-y -
Pathology, Research and Practice Jul 2023Over the past few decades, the application of mesenchymal stem cells has captured the attention of researchers and practitioners worldwide. These cells can be obtained... (Review)
Review
Over the past few decades, the application of mesenchymal stem cells has captured the attention of researchers and practitioners worldwide. These cells can be obtained from practically every tissue in the body and are used to treat a broad variety of conditions, most notably neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Studies are still being conducted, and the results of these studies have led to the identification of several different molecular pathways involved in the neuroglial speciation process. These molecular systems are closely regulated and interconnected due to the coordinated efforts of many components that make up the machinery responsible for cell signaling. Within the scope of this study, we compared and contrasted the numerous mesenchymal cell sources and their cellular features. These many sources of mesenchymal cells included adipocyte cells, fetal umbilical cord tissue, and bone marrow. In addition, we investigated whether these cells can potentially treat and modify neurodegenerative illnesses.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Parkinson Disease; Alzheimer Disease
PubMed: 37245265
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154541 -
Lasers in Medical Science Sep 2017Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although cardiac transplantation is considered the most effective therapy for end-stage cardiac diseases,... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although cardiac transplantation is considered the most effective therapy for end-stage cardiac diseases, it is limited by the availability of matching donors and the complications of the immune suppressive regimen used to prevent graft rejection. Application of stem cell therapy in experimental animal models was shown to reverse cardiac remodeling, attenuate cardiac fibrosis, improve heart functions, and stimulate angiogenesis. The efficacy of stem cell therapy can be amplified by low-level laser radiation. It is well established that the bio-stimulatory effect of low-level laser is influenced by the following parameters: wavelength, power density, duration, energy density, delivery time, and the type of irradiated target. In this review, we evaluate the available experimental data on treatment of myocardial infarction using low-level laser. Eligible papers were characterized as in vivo experimental studies that evaluated the use of low-level laser therapy on stem cells in order to attenuate myocardial infarction. The following descriptors were used separately and in combination: laser therapy, low-level laser, low-power laser, stem cell, and myocardial infarction. The assessed low-level laser parameters were wavelength (635-804 nm), power density (6-50 mW/cm), duration (20-150 s), energy density (0.96-1 J/cm), delivery time (20 min-3 weeks after myocardial infarction), and the type of irradiated target (bone marrow or in vitro-cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells). The analysis focused on the cardioprotective effect of this form of therapy, the attenuation of scar tissue, and the enhancement of angiogenesis as primary targets. Other effects such as cell survival, cell differentiation, and homing are also included. Among the evaluated protocols using different parameters, the best outcome for treating myocardial infarction was achieved by treating the bone marrow by one dose of low-level laser with 804 nm wavelength and 1 J/cm energy density within 4 h of the infarction. This approach increased stem cell survival, proliferation, and homing. It has also decreased the infarct size and cell apoptosis, leading to enhanced heart functions. These effects were stable for 6 weeks. However, more studies are still required to assess the effects of low-level laser on the genetic makeup of the cell, the nuclei, and the mitochondria of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs).
Topics: Animals; Low-Level Light Therapy; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Myocardial Infarction
PubMed: 28681086
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2271-1 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2021Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs) are an adult stem cell population able to self-renew and differentiate into numerous cell lineages. ASCs provide a... (Review)
Review
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs) are an adult stem cell population able to self-renew and differentiate into numerous cell lineages. ASCs provide a promising future for therapeutic angiogenesis due to their ability to promote blood vessel formation. Specifically, their ability to differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) and pericyte-like cells and to secrete angiogenesis-promoting growth factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs) makes them an ideal option in cell therapy and in regenerative medicine in conditions including tissue ischemia. In recent angiogenesis research, ASCs have often been co-cultured with an endothelial cell (EC) type in order to form mature vessel-like networks in specific culture conditions. In this review, we introduce co-culture systems and co-transplantation studies between ASCs and ECs. In co-cultures, the cells communicate via direct cell-cell contact or via paracrine signaling. Most often, ASCs are found in the perivascular niche lining the vessels, where they stabilize the vascular structures and express common pericyte surface proteins. In co-cultures, ASCs modulate endothelial cells and induce angiogenesis by promoting tube formation, partly via secretion of EVs. In vivo co-transplantation of ASCs and ECs showed improved formation of functional vessels over a single cell type transplantation. Adipose tissue as a cell source for both mesenchymal stem cells and ECs for co-transplantation serves as a prominent option for therapeutic angiogenesis and blood perfusion in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Cell Communication; Cell Differentiation; Coculture Techniques; Endothelial Cells; Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Neovascularization, Physiologic
PubMed: 34639228
DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910890