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The American Journal of Emergency... Mar 2017
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Aortic Dissection; Arteritis; Celiac Artery; Constriction, Pathologic; Contrast Media; Dilatation, Pathologic; Humans; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 27742517
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.09.036 -
Pharmacological Reports : PR Aug 2020The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of N-phenyl-itaconimide (Imide-1), N-4-methyl-phenyl-itaconimide (Imide-2),...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of N-phenyl-itaconimide (Imide-1), N-4-methyl-phenyl-itaconimide (Imide-2), N-4-methoxy-phenyl-itaconimide (Imide-3) and N-4-chloro-phenyl-itaconimide (Imide-4), and investigate the mechanisms of action involved in the observed responses.
METHODS
The relaxant effect was investigated in rat superior mesenteric arteries by using isometric tension measurements. Additionally, in isolated atria were evaluated the heart rate and force of cardiac contraction and in vivo experiments was evaluated blood pressure and heart rate.
RESULTS
Cumulative administration of itaconimides (3 × 10 to 3 × 10 M) in pre-contracted mesenteric artery rings with phenylephrine, 1 μM, induced endothelium-independent vasorelaxation. The itaconimides showed similar maximum efficacies. Additionally, Imide-3 induced vasorelaxation in rings exposed to a depolarizing-tyrode solution containing 60 mM KCl or 20 mM KCl similar to the control, suggesting the non-participation of K channels. Imide-3 attenuated Ca influx in a concentration-dependent manner. As well, imide-3 reduced CaCl-induced contraction in nominally calcium-free medium, in the presence of cyclopiazonic acid (20 μM), phenylephrine (1 μM) and nifedipine (1 μM), indicating a reduction of Ca influx by receptor-operated channels (ROC) and store-operated channels (SOC). The presence of SKF 96365 (10 M), SOC blocker, did not significantly alter the vasorelaxant effect induced by imide-3. Moreover, imide-3 induced a negative inotropic effect. In vivo studies, in non-anesthetized normotensive rats, imide-3 lowered blood pressure and induced bradycardia.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that itaconimides have concentration-dependent vascular effects and the vasorelaxation seems to be endothelium-independent. The vasodilatory effect induced by imide-3 may be due to a possible influence on the Ca and ROC. In addition, imide-3 is able to reduce force of cardiac contraction, blood pressure and promote bradycardia.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Imidazoles; Imides; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Muscle Contraction; Nifedipine; Organ Culture Techniques; Phenylephrine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 32048265
DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00051-8 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Nov 2019Perivascular neuropathy was reported to involve in the vascular disorders associated with diabetes. The dried rhizomes of Coptis chinensis Franch. (Latin name: Coptidis...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Perivascular neuropathy was reported to involve in the vascular disorders associated with diabetes. The dried rhizomes of Coptis chinensis Franch. (Latin name: Coptidis Rhizoma; common name: Huang Lian in China), used frequently in Traditional Chinese medicine to treat diabetes (Xiaoke), have been confirmed to possess beneficial effects on diabetic peripheral neuropathy by modern clinical and pharmacological studies. Berberine (BBR), the main effective component of Huang Lian in the treatment of diabetes, is reported to ameliorate diabetic central and peripheral neuropathy. However, the effects of BBR on nerve function of mesenteric and iliac arteries are unclear.
AIM OF THE STUDY
To investigate the effects of BBR on the diabetes-induced changes in nitrergic and adrenergic function in mesenteric and iliac arteries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, the animals were randomized into three groups: control rats, diabetic rats, and diabetic rats gavaged with BBR. We established diabetic rat model using intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg kg). Two weeks after model establishment, those in the BBR-treated groups were gavaged with berberine chloride (Sichuan Xieli Fharmaceutical. Co., Ltd; 200 mg·kg·day) diluted in distilled water for another 2 weeks. The superior mesenteric artery and iliac artery were excised. Electric field stimulation (EFS) was used to induce arterial vasoconstriction and explore (1) the diabetes-induced changes in neurogenic function of the superior mesenteric artery and iliac artery; (2) the effects of BBR on neurovascular dysfunction in the early stage of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Nitric oxide (NO) and noradrenaline (NA) released from the nitrergic and adrenergic nerves were quantified using fluorescence assays and ELISA, respectively.
RESULTS
EFS induced frequency-dependent vasoconstrictions in both superior mesenteric and iliac artery, and the contractile responses of arteries were abolished by 0.1 μmol·L tetrodotoxin (TTX), or inhibited by 1 μmol·L phentolamine or increased by 0.1 mmol·L N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). In superior mesenteric artery, but not in iliac artery, the changes of contractile responses with L-NAME were significantly decreased in diabetic rats, and NO release was less also. In contrast, in iliac artery of diabetic rats, but not in superior mesenteric artery, the changes of contractile responses with phentolamine were increased, and NA release was increased significantly. All these changes in diabetic rats on both superior mesenteric artery and iliac artery were reversed by treated with BBR.
CONCLUSIONS
In the STZ-induced early diabetic rats, neural control of mesenteric and iliac vasomotor tone are altered differently. The diminished nitrergic nerve in superior mesenteric artery and enhanced adrenergic nerve in iliac artery both contributed to increased vasocontrictor responses. All these changes in diabetic rats were reversed by BBR, suggesting a novel mechanism of BBR in balance of neural regulation of vascular tone.
Topics: Adrenergic Neurons; Animals; Berberine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Iliac Artery; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Nitrergic Neurons; Nitric Oxide; Norepinephrine; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 31400506
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112140 -
BMJ Case Reports Mar 2021Isolated dissection of one of the mesenteric arteries without concurrent involvement of the aorta is a rare clinical entity and an unusual cause of abdominal pain. It...
Isolated dissection of one of the mesenteric arteries without concurrent involvement of the aorta is a rare clinical entity and an unusual cause of abdominal pain. It usually involves one artery, most commonly the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) followed by the coeliac artery. We are reporting a rare case where both coeliac and SMA were showing dissection. We are reporting a case of 60-year-old hypertensive male who came with worsening abdominal pain for 5 days; CT scan showed coeliac and SMA dissection without any imaging evidence of intestinal ischaemia. He was successfully managed medically with bowel rest and anticoagulation. Two weeks of follow-up CT scan showed no progression or thrombus formation. For complicated cases, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of a visceral artery or open surgical exploration or hybrid approach is required. However, for stable uncomplicated cases, medical therapy alone is sufficient.
Topics: Aortic Dissection; Celiac Artery; Dissection; Humans; Male; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Mesenteric Ischemia; Middle Aged
PubMed: 33722914
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240047 -
Genes Apr 2022Although metabolic acidosis is associated with numerous pathophysiological conditions and its vasorelaxation effects have been well described in different animal and...
Although metabolic acidosis is associated with numerous pathophysiological conditions and its vasorelaxation effects have been well described in different animal and culture models, the molecular mechanisms of acidosis-induced vasorelaxation are not fully understood. Mesenteric artery models have been used extensively to examine the vascular response to various pathophysiological conditions. Our previous studies and several other reports have suggested the vascular responses of goat mesenteric arteries and human arteries to various stimuli, including acidic stress, are highly similar. In this study, to further identify the signaling molecules responsible for altered vasoreactivity in response to acidic pH, we examined the proteomic profile of acid stress-induced vasorelaxation using a goat mesenteric artery model. The vascular proteomes under acidic pH were compared using 2D-GE with 7 cm IPG strips and mini gels, LC-MS/MS, and MALDI TOF MS. The unique proteins identified by mass spectroscopy were actin, transgelin, WD repeat-containing protein 1, desmin, tropomyosin, ATP synthase β, Hsp27, aldehyde dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein. Out of five protein spots identified as actin, three were upregulated > 2-fold. ATP synthase β was also upregulated (2.14-fold) under acid stress. Other actin-associated proteins upregulated were transgelin, desmin, and WD repeat-containing protein 1. Isometric contraction studies revealed that both receptor-mediated (histamine) and non-receptor-mediated (KCl) vasocontraction were attenuated, whereas acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation was augmented under acidosis. Overall, the altered vasoreactivity under acidosis observed in the functional studies could possibly be attributed to the increase in expression of actin and ATP synthase β.
Topics: Acidosis; Actins; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Desmin; Mesenteric Arteries; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Proteomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Vasodilation
PubMed: 35627186
DOI: 10.3390/genes13050801 -
International Journal of Surgery... May 2017To demonstrate the clinical applicability of 3-dimensional CT angiography (3D-CTA) in evaluating the anatomic variations of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and left... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Anatomic variations of inferior mesenteric artery and left colic artery evaluated by 3-dimensional CT angiography: Insights into rectal cancer surgery - A retrospective observational study.
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the clinical applicability of 3-dimensional CT angiography (3D-CTA) in evaluating the anatomic variations of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and left colic artery (LCA), to help make pre-operative strategies of rectal cancer surgery.
METHODS
188 patients with abdominal and pelvic contrast-enhanced CT scan were retrospectively enrolled and 3D-CTA was reconstructed. The origin and branching patterns of IMA, tracking patterns of LCA, intersectional patterns among IMA, LCA and inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) were examined, and their associations with clinical features were analyzed.
RESULTS
The origin of IMA was located 42.1 ± 7.7 mm above iliac artery bifurcation, 64.4% within the area of the 3rd lumbar vertebra. 47.3% of LCA arose independently from IMA, 27.1% arose at the root of sigmoid artery (SA), 20.7% shared a common trunk with SA while 4.8% of LCA was absent. As for track of LCA before anastomosis with marginal artery, 53.2% went straight upward while medial to the inner border of left kidney (Type A), 27.1% traveled diagonally across left kidney (Type B) and14.9% went infero-laterally to the lower border of left kidney (Type C). Short IMA trunk was independently associated with type A LCA and lower site of IMA origin. At the horizontal level of IMA origin, 29% of the LCA went distant from IMV, while 71% (21% medial, 50% lateral) were mutually close, and the close type was independently associated with type A LCA.
CONCLUSION
Preoperative understanding of the vascular variations and the mutual relationship among LCA, IMA and IMV could be obtained by 3D-CTA, which would further help surgeons to set detailed plans for laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery.
Topics: Anatomic Variation; Arteries; Colon, Transverse; Computed Tomography Angiography; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Male; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior; Middle Aged; Rectal Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 28323157
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.03.012 -
Life Sciences Feb 2020Weightlessness exposure conduces to substantial vascular remodeling, mechanisms behind which remain unclear. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) catalyzed ceramide (Cer)...
AIMS
Weightlessness exposure conduces to substantial vascular remodeling, mechanisms behind which remain unclear. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) catalyzed ceramide (Cer) generation accounts for multiple vascular disorders, so the role of it in adjustment of cerebral artery (CA) and small mesenteric artery (MA) was investigated in simulated weightless rats.
MAIN METHODS
Rats were hindlimb unloaded tail suspended (HU) to simulate the effect of weightlessness. Arterial morphology was examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Cer abundance was measured by immunohistochemistry. Western blotting was used to detect protein content. Apoptosis was detected by transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling.
KEY FINDINGS
During 4 weeks of tail suspension, intima-media thickness (IMT) and media cross section area (CSA) were increased gradually in CA but decreased gradually in MA (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, the apoptosis and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells were reduced and enhanced respectively in CA (P < 0.05), while promoted and restrained in MA (P < 0.05). As compared to control, both ASM protein expression and Cer content were lowered in CA and elevated in MA of HU rats (P < 0.05). Permeable Cer incubation reversed the change of apoptosis and proliferation in CA of HU rats, while ASM inhibition recapitulated it in control rats. On the contrary, ASM inhibitors restored the alteration of apoptosis and proliferation in MA of HU.
SIGNIFICANCE
The results suggest that by controlling the balance between apoptosis and proliferation, ASM/Cer exerts an important role in structural adaptation of CA and MA to simulated weightlessness.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Ceramides; Cerebral Arteries; Hindlimb Suspension; Mesenteric Arteries; Rats; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase; Weightlessness
PubMed: 31927048
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117253 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Mar 2022Variations of the vasculature at splenic flexure by left colic artery (LCA) and middle colic artery (MCA) remain ambiguous.
BACKGROUND
Variations of the vasculature at splenic flexure by left colic artery (LCA) and middle colic artery (MCA) remain ambiguous.
OBJECTIVES
This study aim to investigate the anatomical variations of the branches from LCA and MCA at splenic flexure area.
METHODS
Using ultra-thin CT images (0.5-mm thickness), we traced LCA and MCA till their merging site with paracolic marginal arteries through maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction and computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA).
RESULTS
A total of 229 cases were retrospectively enrolled. LCA ascending branch approached upwards till the distal third of the transverse colon in 37.6%, reached the splenic flexure in 37.6%, and reached the lower descending colon in 23.1%, and absent in 1.7% of the cases. Areas supplied by MCA left branch and aMCA were 33.2%, 44.5% and 22.3% in the proximal, middle and distal third of transverse colon of the cases, respectively. The accessory MCA separately originated from the superior mesenteric artery was found in 17.9% of the cases. Mutual correlation was found that, when the LCA ascending branch supplied the distal transverse colon, MCA left branch tended to feed the proximal transverse colon; when the LCA ascending branch supplied the lower part of descending colon, MCA left branch was more likely to feed the distal third of transverse colon.
CONCLUSIONS
Vasculature at splenic flexure by LCA and MCA varied at specific pattern. This study could add more anatomical details for vessel management in surgeries for left-sided colon cancer.
Topics: Colon, Transverse; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35230505
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-022-02898-8 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Jul 2016The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) supplies irrigation to the small intestine, ascending and a variable area of the transverse colon. Although medical imaging and...
The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) supplies irrigation to the small intestine, ascending and a variable area of the transverse colon. Although medical imaging and surgical procedures have been widely developed in the last decades, the anatomy of the SMA using advanced imaging technology remains to be elucidated. Previous studies have used small sample sizes of cadaveric or radiological samples to propose a number of classifications for the SMA. In this study, we aimed to provide a more detailed description and useful classification of the SMA and its main branches [middle colic artery (MCA), right colic artery (RCA), and ileocolic artery (ICA)]. Samples (n = 50, 28 males and 22 females) were obtained from the repository of human cadavers located at the Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Complutense University of Madrid. This sample was dissected by preclinical medical students and completed by two of the authors (Gamo and Jiménez). A second set of samples was obtained from a bank of computerized tomography (CT) (560 CTs, 399 males and 161 females) collected by the Radiology Department at the Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Spain. Based on the results obtained from these studies, we propose a new classification of four patterns for the SMA anatomy. Pattern I as the independent origin of the three main branches of the SMA (cadaveric 40 %; CT 73.69 %); Pattern II is subdivided in three sub-patterns based on the common trunks of origin: Pattern IIa, common trunk between RCA and MCA (cadaveric 20 %, CT 4.28 %); Pattern IIb, common trunk between RCA and ICA (cadaveric 32 %, CT 15 %); Pattern IIc, common trunk for the three main branches (cadaveric 0 %, CT 0.35 %); Pattern III, as the absence of RCA (cadaveric 8 %; CT 2.32 %) and Pattern IV, based on presence of accessory arteries (not found in any of the samples). Although the independent origin of the three colic arteries have been classically described as the most frequent, the right colic artery is responsible of major variations.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anatomic Variation; Cadaver; Classification; Colon; Computed Tomography Angiography; Contrast Media; Databases, Factual; Dissection; Female; Humans; Male; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Spain
PubMed: 26728989
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-015-1608-3 -
Anatomical Science International Jan 2021The aim of this study is to determine vertebral levels of the coeliac trunk, the superior mesenteric artery, and the inferior mesenteric artery originated from the...
Distance measurements and origin levels of the coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery by multiple-detector computed tomography angiography.
The aim of this study is to determine vertebral levels of the coeliac trunk, the superior mesenteric artery, and the inferior mesenteric artery originated from the abdominal aorta and to calculate the distance measurements between these arteries and between these arteries and the aortic bifurcation by multidetector computed tomography angiography technique. It was determined that the nine different vertebral levels of the coeliac trunk, the nine different vertebral levels of the superior mesenteric artery, and the eleven different vertebral levels of the inferior mesenteric artery. The distance measurements between the coeliac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, the aortic bifurcation were found significant between female and male. In this study, it was determined more different levels than the levels described in classical anatomy. The preoperative information of these morphological variations can contribute to the reduction of surgical time and perioperative vascular complications especially for anterior lumbar interbody fusion and defining the location of the primary lymphatic drainage site for gastrointestinal malignancies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aorta, Abdominal; Celiac Artery; Computed Tomography Angiography; Female; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Middle Aged; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Retrospective Studies; Sex Characteristics; Young Adult
PubMed: 32915395
DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00571-x