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The Journal of Parasitology Nov 2020Metagonimiasis is foodborne intestinal parasitism occurring by the definitive hosts' ingestion of raw or undercooked fish, mostly commonly sweetfish. Most Metagonimus...
Metagonimiasis is foodborne intestinal parasitism occurring by the definitive hosts' ingestion of raw or undercooked fish, mostly commonly sweetfish. Most Metagonimus infection is caused by Metagonimus yokogawai but also rarely by Metagonimus takahashii as well as Metagonimus miyatai. Despite recent molecular work on Metagonimus spp., there are still insufficient data to reveal the genetic characteristics of ancient M. yokogawai in a wide geo-historical scope. In this study, we were successful in the analysis of M. yokogawai ancient DNA (aDNA) using coprolite samples retrieved from 16th- to 17th-century Korean mummies. In BLAST and phylogenetic analyses, M. yokogawai 28S rDNA of Korean mummies were clustered along with the 28S rDNA taxa of M. takahashii and M. miyatai in GenBank. Conversely, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of M. yokogawai aDNA from Korean mummies was distinctly clustered apart from M. takahashii and M. miyatai sequences. This study is the first report of its kind to identify M. yokogawai aDNA retrieved from the archaeological specimens and confirms the usefulness of COI in molecular diagnosis of M. yokogawai. Considering the rarity of reports on the genetics of genus Metagonimus spp., our study will be fundamental for the future study of M. yokogawai paleogenetics.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Helminth; Feces; Female; Heterophyidae; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; Humans; Korea; Male; Mummies; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 33351947
DOI: 10.1645/20-42 -
Food and Waterborne Parasitology 2017Fishborne heterophyid trematodes infecting humans are at least 29 species worldwide and belong to 13 genera. Its global burden is much more than 7 million infected... (Review)
Review
Fishborne heterophyid trematodes infecting humans are at least 29 species worldwide and belong to 13 genera. Its global burden is much more than 7 million infected people. They include (. , . , . , . , and . ), (. , . , . , and . ), (. , . , . , and . ), (. and . ), (. ), (. ), (. , . , . , and . ), (. and . ), (. and . ), (. ), (. ), (. ), and (. ). Human infections are scattered around the world but the major endemic areas are located in Southeast Asia. The source of human infection is ingestion of raw or improperly cooked fish. The pathogenicity, host-parasite relationships, and clinical manifestations in each species infection are poorly understood; these should be elucidated particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Problems exist in the differential diagnosis of these parasitic infections because of close morphological similarity of eggs in feces and unavailability of alternative methods such as serology. Molecular diagnostic techniques are promising but they are still at an infant stage. Praziquantel has been proved to be highly effective against most of the patients infected with heterophyid flukes. Epidemiological surveys and detection of human infections are required for better understanding of the geographical distribution and global burden of each heterophyid species. In this review, the most updated knowledge on the morphology, biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathology, immunology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and control of fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections is provided.
PubMed: 32095640
DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2017.09.001 -
International Archives of Allergy and... 2021This study aimed to evaluate potential therapeutic effect of Metagonimus yokogawai on the OVA-induced allergic rhinitis model.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate potential therapeutic effect of Metagonimus yokogawai on the OVA-induced allergic rhinitis model.
METHODS
OVA-sensitized mice were used to assess potential therapeutic effect of the extract protein of M. yokogawai (My-TP). My-TP was administrated via the intralymphatic route to cervical lymph nodes. The frequencies of sneezing or nasal rubbing were recorded. Histopathologic evaluation was performed for eosinophil infiltrations in the tissues of the nasal mucosa and skin. The mRNA relative expressions of the cytokine profiles including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg subsets in the nasal mucosa, cervical lymph nodes, and spleen were analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The potential underlying mechanism was investigated by examining cytokine profiles including IL-4 and Treg subsets from lymphocytes of the spleen by flow cytometry.
RESULTS
Intralymphatic injection of My-TP reduced allergic symptoms and eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa. My-TP-treated group showed markedly decreased levels of OVA-specific IgE and WBC counts in nasal lavage. My-TP-treated group showed the decreased expression levels of IL-4, while those of IL-10 were increased in both the nasal mucosa. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 were also decreased in the nasal mucosa and cervical lymph nodes. The immunological mechanism may involve the downregulation of Th2 response and upregulation of Tregs in the nasal mucosa and cervical lymph nodes.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results provide the first evidence of potential therapeutic effect of M. yokogawai in OVA-sensitized allergic rhinitis mice, suggesting that a Treg/Th2 reorganization may play a role in clinical course of allergic rhinitis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents; Biological Products; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Eosinophils; Heterophyidae; Mice; Rhinitis, Allergic; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Therapy with Helminths; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33176304
DOI: 10.1159/000511532 -
Parasitology International Feb 2020Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disease caused by the activity of effector immune cells, such as the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines....
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disease caused by the activity of effector immune cells, such as the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines. Helminth immunomodulation in the host has been shown to have therapeutic implications in IBD. In the present study, we investigated whether Metagonimus miyatai infection could ameliorate inflammatory diseases. Mice were infected with M. miyatai, and colitis was then induced through oral administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Weight loss, stool consistency, gross bleeding, colon length, and tissue inflammation were assessed by macroscopic and microscopic examinations. In addition, regulatory cytokine expression was observed in colon tissue by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that M. miyatai infection decreased the clinical severity of DSS-induced colitis, including weight loss, bloody diarrhea, shortening of the colon, and colon tissue damage in mice (p < .05). The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1b, and cyclooxygenase-2 in mice infected with helminth were lower than those in DSS-treated mice without helminthic infection (p < .05). The results of the research showed that pre-infection with M. miyatai ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice and may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of immunological diseases.
Topics: Animals; Colitis; Colon; Cytokines; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Heterophyidae; Immunomodulation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 31075526
DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.05.002 -
Acta Parasitologica Mar 2022Metagonimiasis, commonly seen in East Asian countries, is a parasitic disorder caused by definitive hosts' ingestion of undercooked freshwater fishes. Recently, genetic...
PURPOSE
Metagonimiasis, commonly seen in East Asian countries, is a parasitic disorder caused by definitive hosts' ingestion of undercooked freshwater fishes. Recently, genetic analysis has proved 28S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA gene to be a successful marker differentiating species of the genus Metagonimus. In the present study, using specimens from the newly discovered Joseon Dynasty human remains of Goryeong, we obtained updated genetic data on genus Metagonimus, which was also prevalent during the Joseon period.
METHODS
The ancient DNA (aDNA) was retrieved from the coprolite sample of the seventeenth century, half-mummified individual discovered at Goryeong Country, South Korea. Cloning and sequencing were performed on PCR-amplified amplicons for M. yokogawai 28S rRNA and COI mtDNA gene. The consensus sequences were used for species identification and phylogenetic analysis using NCBI/BLAST and MEGA X software.
RESULTS
Based on the COI mtDNA gene region, the Goryeong sequence was confirmed as belonging to M. yokogawai, as it was shown to form a separate cluster with other M. yokogawai taxa that are distinct also from M. takahashii and M. miyatai.
CONCLUSION
In a series of our genetic analyses on genus Metagonimus using samples retrieved from Joseon-period cases, aDNA sequences of genus Metagonimus revealed in South Korea thus far are those of M. yokogawai, but not of M. miyatai or M. takahashii yet.
Topics: Animals; Body Remains; DNA, Ancient; Heterophyidae; Humans; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 34731404
DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00487-0 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Oct 2015Metagonimus yokogawai (Katsurada, 1912) Katsurada, 1912 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) is parasitic in the small intestine of mammals including man and birds in Far Eastern...
Metagonimus yokogawai (Katsurada, 1912) Katsurada, 1912 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) is parasitic in the small intestine of mammals including man and birds in Far Eastern Russia, Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan. In the present study, the metacercariae and adults of M. yokogawai were redescribed to designate a neotype of this fluke together with reviews of previous studies including study histories from the first discovery to now. We particularly, attempted to review the study histories and morphological descriptions of M. yokogawai for the species validity, and compared with the morphological characteristics and life cycles of the closely related species, Metagonimus takahashii and Metagonimus miyatai. Finally, we proposed a differential key for the 8 known Metagonimus species distributed in East Asia. Metacercariae were obtained from the body muscles of sweetfish (Plecoglossus altivelis) collected in the Asahi River at Takebe-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Adults were recovered from the small intestine of Syrian golden hamsters, to which the metacercariae had been fed 14 days before. A neotype was selected out of the present adult specimens. The Asahi River at Takebo-cho became the type locality of M. yokogawai. In conclusion, the present review shows that M. yokogawai, M. takahashii, and M. miyatai are valid and discriminated by means of morphological characteristics.
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; Helminthiasis; Heterophyidae; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Japan; Life Cycle Stages; Mesocricetus; Microscopy; Osmeriformes; Rodent Diseases
PubMed: 26537043
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.627 -
Veterinary Parasitology, Regional... Apr 2021Digeneans are an important class of trematodes which infect variety of animals ranging from vertebrates (mainly final hosts) to invertebrates (mainly as intermediate... (Review)
Review
Digeneans are an important class of trematodes which infect variety of animals ranging from vertebrates (mainly final hosts) to invertebrates (mainly as intermediate hosts). Additionally, some of these parasites are zoonotic and one health importance. Diversity of digeneans in Iran and reports of several zoonotic cases show the importance of these parasites in this country. This is the checklist of digenean parasites reported from Iran representing a total of 118 species, from 105 genera, 43 families, 21 subfamilies, and 3 orders that are reported from 139 species of different hosts including humans. Some of the most important final number of families, genera, and species reported in Iran fauna include: Fasciolidae, Genus: Fasciola, Fasciola gigantica, Fasciola hepatica, Family: Dicrocoeliidae, Genus: Dicrocoelium, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Family: Diplostomidae, Genus: Diplostomum, Diplostomum spathaceum, Family: Heterophyidae, Genus: Haplorchis, Haplorchis taichui, Family: Notocotylidae, Genus: Notocotylu, Notocotylus aegyptiacus, Family: Bucephalidae, Genus: Rhipidocotyle, Rhipidocotyle illense.
Topics: Animals; Checklist; Dicrocoelium; Fasciola; Iran; Trematoda
PubMed: 34024387
DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100571 -
Journal of Microbiological Methods Aug 2021The superfamily Opisthorchioidea encompasses the families Cryptogonimidae, Opisthorchiidae and Heterophyidae. These parasites depend on the aquatic environment and... (Review)
Review
The superfamily Opisthorchioidea encompasses the families Cryptogonimidae, Opisthorchiidae and Heterophyidae. These parasites depend on the aquatic environment and include marine and freshwater species. Some species, such as Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini, have a high impact on public health with millions of infected people worldwide and have thus been the object of many studies and tool developments. However, for many species, tools for identification and detection are scarce. Although morphological descriptions have been used and are still important, they are often not efficient on the immature stages of these parasites. Thus, during the past few decades, molecular approaches for parasite identification have become commonplace. These approaches are efficient, quick and reliable. Nonetheless, for some parasites of the superfamily Opisthorchioidea, reference genomic data are limited. This study reviews available genetic data and molecular tools for the identification and/or the detection of this superfamily. Molecular data on this superfamily are mostly based on mitochondrial and ribosomal gene sequence analyses, especially on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene and internal transcribed spacer regions respectively.
Topics: Animals; DNA Primers; DNA, Helminth; DNA, Mitochondrial; DNA, Ribosomal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Electron Transport Complex IV; Genes, Helminth; Heterophyidae; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Opisthorchidae; Parasitology; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Trematoda
PubMed: 34082051
DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106258 -
Parasitology Sep 2022Foodborne trematodes (FBT) of public health significance include liver flukes ( and ), lung flukes ( and several other spp.) and intestinal flukes, which include... (Review)
Review
Foodborne trematodes (FBT) of public health significance include liver flukes ( and ), lung flukes ( and several other spp.) and intestinal flukes, which include heterophyids ( and ), echinostomes ( and ) and miscellaneous species, including and . These trematode infections are distributed worldwide but occur most commonly in Asia. The global burden of FBT diseases has been estimated at about 80 million, however, this seems to be a considerable underestimate. Their life cycle involves a molluscan first intermediate host, and a second intermediate host, including freshwater fish, crustaceans, aquatic vegetables and freshwater or brackish water gastropods and bivalves. The mode of human infection is the consumption of the second intermediate host under raw or improperly cooked conditions. The major pathogenesis of and spp. infection includes inflammation of the bile duct which leads to cholangitis and cholecystitis, and in a substantial number of patients, serious complications, such as liver cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma, may develop. In lung fluke infections, cough, bloody sputum and bronchiectasis are the most common clinical manifestations. However, lung flukes often migrate to extrapulmonary sites, including the brain, spinal cord, skin, subcutaneous tissues and abdominal organs. Intestinal flukes can induce inflammation in the intestinal mucosa, and they may at times undergo extraintestinal migration, in particular, in immunocompromised patients. In order to control FBT infections, eating foods after proper cooking is strongly recommended.
Topics: Animals; Echinostoma; Fascioliasis; Heterophyidae; Humans; Inflammation; Trematoda; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 35591777
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182022000725 -
Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng... Jun 2015To develop a duplex PCR method for identifying Metagonimus yokogawai and Haplorchis taichui.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a duplex PCR method for identifying Metagonimus yokogawai and Haplorchis taichui.
METHODS
ITS1 sequences of M. yokogawai and H. taichui, as well as those of their homologous species were obtained from GenBank, and two sets of specific primer pairs for M. yokogawai and H. taichui were designed accordingly using Primer Premier 5.0 software. PCR reaction system and conditions were optimized. The established duplex PCR method was applied in a pool of M. yokogawai, H. taichui, and 17 related species to examine its specificity. Sensitivity was evaluated through serial dilutions of plasmids containing their specific sequences. Finally, the duplex PCR was applied to identify M. yokogawai and H. taichui among trematodes collected from the viscera of 47 cats and 40 dogs to test its practicality.
RESULTS
The duplex PCR method amplified target sequences of M. yokogawai and H. taichui, generating 648 bp and 279 bp products, respectively. No cross reaction was found with the following 17 related species: Haplorchis pumilio, Clonorchis sinensis, Pharyngostomum cordatum, the metacercaria of Metorchis sp. and Exorchis sp., Echinochasmus liliputanus, Echinochasmus perfoliatus, Echinostoma friedi, Hypoderaeum conoideum, Holostephanus sp., Diplodiscus sp., Anisakis sp., Metorchis orientais, Paragonimus westermani, Watsonius watsoni, Notocotylus sp. and Hysterothylacium sp, indicating a high specificity of this method. The detection limits for DNAs of M. yokogawai and H. taichui were 1.49 x 10(-1) pg and 1.14 x 10(-1) pg, suggesting a good sensitivity for this method. Further, the duplex PCR successfully identified M. yokogawai and H. taichui from cat and dog viscera, with no cross amplification of other trematodes.
CONCLUSION
The duplex PCR is effective in identifying Metagonimus yokogawai and Haplorchis taichui.
Topics: Animals; Anisakis; Cats; Clonorchis sinensis; DNA Primers; Dogs; Heterophyidae; Metacercariae; Paragonimus westermani; Paramphistomatidae; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 26541032
DOI: No ID Found