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Cell Death and Differentiation Mar 2019Autophagy-dependent cell death can be defined as cell demise that has a strict requirement of autophagy. Although autophagy often accompanies cell death following many... (Review)
Review
Autophagy-dependent cell death can be defined as cell demise that has a strict requirement of autophagy. Although autophagy often accompanies cell death following many toxic insults, the requirement of autophagic machinery for cell death execution, as established through specific genetic or chemical inhibition of the process, is highly contextual. During animal development, perhaps the best validated model of autophagy-dependent cell death is the degradation of the larval midgut during larval-pupal metamorphosis, where a number of key autophagy genes are required for the removal of the tissues. Surprisingly though, even in the midgut, not all of the 'canonical' autophagic machinery appears to be required. In other organisms and cancer cells many variations of autophagy-dependent cell death are apparent, pointing to the lack of a unifying cell death pathway. It is thus possible that components of the autophagy machinery are selectively utilised or repurposed for this type of cell death. In this review, we discuss examples of cell death that utilise autophagy machinery (or part thereof), the current knowledge of the complexity of autophagy-dependent cellular demise and the potential mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved in such cell death.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagic Cell Death; Autophagy; Drosophila; Humans; Metamorphosis, Biological; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30568239
DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0252-y -
ELife Jul 2023Analysis of specimens preserved in amber from the Cretaceous period suggests that nematodes changed their host preference towards insects with a complete metamorphosis...
Analysis of specimens preserved in amber from the Cretaceous period suggests that nematodes changed their host preference towards insects with a complete metamorphosis more recently.
Topics: Animals; Fossils; Insecta; Nematoda; Amber; Metamorphosis, Biological
PubMed: 37449733
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.90008 -
WIREs Mechanisms of Disease Jan 2021
Topics: Humans; Metamorphosis, Biological
PubMed: 33369203
DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1517 -
Family Medicine May 2021
Topics: Humans; Metamorphosis, Biological
PubMed: 34019689
DOI: 10.22454/FamMed.2021.149656 -
Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) Jan 2015Embryonic and postembryonic development in ascidians have been studied for over a century, but it is only in the last 10 years that the complex molecular network... (Review)
Review
Embryonic and postembryonic development in ascidians have been studied for over a century, but it is only in the last 10 years that the complex molecular network involved in coordinating postlarval development and metamorphosis has started to emerge. In most ascidians, the transition from the larval to the sessile juvenile/adult stage, or metamorphosis, requires a combination of environmental and endogenous signals and is characterized by coordinated global morphogenetic changes that are initiated by the adhesion of the larvae. Cloney was the first to describe cellular events of ascidians' metamorphosis in 1978 and only recently elements of the molecular regulation of this crucial developmental step have been revealed. This review aims to present a thorough view of this crucial developmental step by combining recent molecular data to the already established cellular events.
Topics: Animals; Larva; Metamorphosis, Biological; Morphogenesis; Urochordata
PubMed: 25250532
DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22824 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Oct 2019Metamorphosis and, in particular, holometaboly, the development of organisms through a series of discrete stages (egg, larva, pupa, adult) that hardly resemble one... (Review)
Review
Metamorphosis and, in particular, holometaboly, the development of organisms through a series of discrete stages (egg, larva, pupa, adult) that hardly resemble one another but are finely adapted to specific roles in the life cycle of the organism, has fascinated and mystified humans throughout history. However, it can be difficult to visualize the dramatic changes that occur during holometaboly without destructive sampling, traditionally through histology. However, advances in imaging technologies developed mainly for medical sciences have been applied to studies of insect metamorphosis over the past couple of decades. These include micro-computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and optical coherence tomography. A major advantage of these techniques is that they are rapid and non-destructive, enabling virtual dissection of an organism in any plane by anyone who has access to the image files and the necessary software. They can also be applied in some cases to visualize metamorphosis in vivo, including the periods of most rapid and dramatic morphological change. This review focusses on visualizing the intra-puparial holometabolous metamorphosis of cyclorraphous flies (Diptera), including the primary model organism for all genetic investigations, Drosophila melanogaster, and the blow flies of medical, veterinary and forensic importance, but also discusses similar studies on other insect orders. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of complete metamorphosis'.
Topics: Animals; Diagnostic Imaging; Diptera; Drosophila melanogaster; Insecta; Larva; Metamorphosis, Biological; Pupa
PubMed: 31438819
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0071 -
Developmental Dynamics : An Official... Jun 2021Amphibians display very diverse life cycles and development can be direct, where it occurs in ovo and a juvenile hatches directly, or biphasic, where an aquatic larva...
Amphibians display very diverse life cycles and development can be direct, where it occurs in ovo and a juvenile hatches directly, or biphasic, where an aquatic larva hatches and later undergoes metamorphosis followed by sexual maturation. In both cases, metamorphosis, corresponds to the post embryonic transition (PETr). A third strategy, only found in Urodeles, is more complex as larvae reach sexual maturity before metamorphosis, which can become accessory. The resulting paedomorphs retain their larval characters and keep their aquatic habitat. Does it mean that paedomorphs do not undergo PETr? Recent work using high throughput technologies coupled to system biology and developmental endocrinology revisited this question and provided novel datasets indicating that a paedomorph's "larval" tissue undergoes a proper developmental transition. Together with historical data, we propose that this transition is a marker of the PETr, which would be distinct from metamorphosis. This implies that (a) complex life cycles would result from the uncoupling of PETr and metamorphosis, and (b) biphasic life cycles would be a special cases where they occur simultaneously.
Topics: Amphibians; Animals; Larva; Life Cycle Stages; Metamorphosis, Biological
PubMed: 33527613
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.304 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Mar 2020Understanding how to promote organ and appendage regeneration is a key goal of regenerative medicine. The frog, , can achieve both scar-free healing and tissue... (Review)
Review
Understanding how to promote organ and appendage regeneration is a key goal of regenerative medicine. The frog, , can achieve both scar-free healing and tissue regeneration during its larval stages, although it predominantly loses these abilities during metamorphosis and adulthood. This transient regenerative capacity, alongside their close evolutionary relationship with humans, makes an attractive model to uncover the mechanisms underlying functional regeneration. Here, we present an overview of as a key model organism for regeneration research and highlight how studies of have led to new insights into the mechanisms governing regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Larva; Metamorphosis, Biological; Models, Biological; Regeneration; Spinal Cord Injuries; Xenopus laevis
PubMed: 32193208
DOI: 10.1242/dev.180844 -
Natural Product Reports Sep 2022Covering: findings from early 1980s until early 2022Microbial-derived cues of marine biofilms induce settlement and metamorphosis of marine organisms, a process... (Review)
Review
Covering: findings from early 1980s until early 2022Microbial-derived cues of marine biofilms induce settlement and metamorphosis of marine organisms, a process responsible for the emergence of diverse flora and fauna in marine habitats. Although this phenomenon is known for more than 80 years, the research field has only recently gained much momentum. Here, we summarize the currently existing biochemical and microbial knowledge about microbial signalling molecules, con-specific signals, and synthetic compounds that induce or prevent recruitment, settlement, and metamorphosis in invertebrate larvae. We discuss the possible modes of action and conclude with perspectives for future research directions in the field of marine chemical ecology.
Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Biofilms; Larva; Marine Biology; Metamorphosis, Biological
PubMed: 35822257
DOI: 10.1039/d1np00073j -
Cell Death and Differentiation Jan 2020The removal of superfluous and unwanted cells is a critical part of animal development. In insects the steroid hormone ecdysone, the focus of this review, is an... (Review)
Review
The removal of superfluous and unwanted cells is a critical part of animal development. In insects the steroid hormone ecdysone, the focus of this review, is an essential regulator of developmental transitions, including molting and metamorphosis. Like other steroid hormones, ecdysone works via nuclear hormone receptors to direct spatial and temporal regulation of gene transcription including genes required for cell death. During insect metamorphosis, pulses of ecdysone orchestrate the deletion of obsolete larval tissues, including the larval salivary glands and the midgut. In this review we discuss the molecular machinery and mechanisms of ecdysone-dependent cell and tissue removal, with a focus on studies in Drosophila and Lepidopteran insects.
Topics: Animals; Cell Death; Drosophila; Ecdysone; Lepidoptera; Metamorphosis, Biological; Molting
PubMed: 31745213
DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0456-9