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Physical & Occupational Therapy in... Feb 2018To provide normative reference values for the 2-minute walk test (2MWT) for children and adolescents.
AIMS
To provide normative reference values for the 2-minute walk test (2MWT) for children and adolescents.
METHODS
A population-based sample of 2,631 boys and girls (3-17 years) contributed data to this 2011 study which was part of the NIH Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function Norming Project. The 2MWT was performed over a 50 foot (15.2 meter) out-and-back course.
RESULTS
Overall, the mean (standard deviation) distance walked by the participants was 186.2 (33.9) meters. As a general linear model demonstrated that gender (F = 11.0, p =.001) and age (F = 127.6, p <.001) affected 2MWT distance, separate norms are provided for each gender and age stratum (e.g., 3-year-old boys,16-year-old girls). Based on these findings and correlational and regression analysis, separate explanatory equations for 2MWT distance for boys and girls are provided. The separate equations for boys and girls include age, age squared, height, and body mass as variables that explain around 40% of the variance in 2MWT distance.
CONCLUSIONS
The study presents norms for the 2MWT performed by American boys and girls. The norms can be used to determine the presence of limitations in walking endurance in this population.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Reference Values; Sex Factors; Walk Test; Walking
PubMed: 28129009
DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2016.1261981 -
Critical Care Medicine Feb 2016This special article will review the history of blood glucose meter hospital use and current issues surrounding their use in this patient population. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This special article will review the history of blood glucose meter hospital use and current issues surrounding their use in this patient population.
STUDY SELECTION
Secondary to accuracy concerns that have been known, but likely underappreciated for many years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services are moving toward eliminating current blood glucose meters for use with critically ill patients.
DATA SOURCES
Recent guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services along with several recent publications will be used as the primary data sources.
DATA EXTRACTION
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services communications combined with recent interpretation of this guidance were used to provide this overview.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services have issued a temporary moratorium on the prohibition of the use of blood glucose meters in the critically ill. They have not given a deadline for the moratorium or solicited comments.
CONCLUSIONS
Physicians who care for critically ill patients need to be cognizant of the accuracy and interference limitations of blood glucose meters and aware of the current regulatory situation.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.; Critical Illness; Hospitals; Humans; Point-of-Care Systems; Time Factors; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
PubMed: 26588831
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001389 -
Topics in Companion Animal Medicine Mar 2016Early and rapid identification of hypo- and hyperglycemia as well as ketosis is essential for the practicing veterinarian as these conditions can be life threatening and... (Review)
Review
Early and rapid identification of hypo- and hyperglycemia as well as ketosis is essential for the practicing veterinarian as these conditions can be life threatening and require emergent treatment. Point-of-care testing for both glucose and ketone is available for clinical use and it is important for the veterinarian to understand the limitations and potential sources of error with these tests. This article discusses the devices used to monitor blood glucose including portable blood glucose meters, point-of-care blood gas analyzers and continuous glucose monitoring systems. Ketone monitoring options discussed include the nitroprusside reagent test strips and the 3-β-hydroxybutyrate ketone meter.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Ketones; Point-of-Care Systems; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 27451045
DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2016.05.005 -
Micromachines Jul 2023The detection of nucleic acids as specific markers of infectious diseases is commonly implemented in molecular biology laboratories. The translation of these benchtop...
The detection of nucleic acids as specific markers of infectious diseases is commonly implemented in molecular biology laboratories. The translation of these benchtop assays to a lab-on-a-chip format demands huge efforts of integration and automation. The present work is motivated by a strong requirement often posed by molecular assays that combine isothermal amplification and CRISPR/Cas-based detection: after amplification, a 2-8 microliter aliquot of the reaction products must be taken for the subsequent reaction. In order to fulfill this technical problem, we have designed and prototyped a microfluidic device that is able to meter and aliquot in the required range during the stepped assay. The operation is achieved by integrating a porous material that retains the desired amount of liquid after removing the excess reaction products, an innovative solution that avoids valving and external actuation. The prototypes were calibrated and experimentally tested to demonstrate the overall performance (general fluidics, metering, aliquoting, mixing and reaction). The proposed aliquoting method is fully compatible with additional functions, such as sample concentration or reagent storage, and could be further employed in alternative applications beyond molecular diagnosis.
PubMed: 37512736
DOI: 10.3390/mi14071425 -
Journal of Diabetes Science and... May 2020When used in hospital settings, glucose meter performance issues involve analytic comparability to lab-based testing, patient and sample variables, and clinical affects... (Review)
Review
When used in hospital settings, glucose meter performance issues involve analytic comparability to lab-based testing, patient and sample variables, and clinical affects such as insulin treatment protocol outcomes and morbidity or outcome risk factors. Different tools are available to assess these issues, including accuracy and precision statistics along with clinical risk measures such as error grids or simulation testing. Regulatory, guidance, and professional bodies have advocated a number of varying recommendations for glucose meter performance in different situations and under different patient conditions. These are summarized and compared, but reconciling these guidelines can be confusing or difficult for providers. Blood glucose meters are useful in the management of patients in acute or assisted care facilities, but users must appreciate the variables that affect measurements and provide for oversight that can manage risk factors and maintain meter performance expectations.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Glucose; Equipment Design; Guideline Adherence; Hospitals; Humans; Point-of-Care Systems; Point-of-Care Testing; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 31983225
DOI: 10.1177/1932296819898277 -
Diabetes Care Oct 2018Blood glucose monitoring is fundamental for hyperglycemia management during pregnancy, but are the devices up to the job? Studies assessing the accuracy of 10... (Review)
Review
Blood glucose monitoring is fundamental for hyperglycemia management during pregnancy, but are the devices up to the job? Studies assessing the accuracy of 10 commercially available glucose meters during pregnancy showed that although >98-99% of the meter values were in the acceptable zones of the error grid for the majority of the meters, the meter performance varied, with the majority showing positive bias and a few showing minimal negative bias. The mean difference between meter and laboratory plasma values varied between -0.33 and 0.73 mmol/L. Three meters showed deviations from laboratory results with a change in maternal hematocrit levels. No meters had a total analytical error <5%, and no studies evaluated meters using recent International Organization for Standardization 15197:2013 criteria. The Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Women With Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy Trial (CONCEPTT) recently showed that an antenatal continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS), as an adjunct to capillary monitoring, was associated with a lower incidence of large-for-gestational-age babies, fewer neonatal intensive care unit admissions (>24 h), and a lower incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia. The flash glucose monitoring system shows good accuracy in pregnant women but has not been marketed widely in the U.S. We suggest that meters cannot be assumed to be sufficiently accurate during pregnancy and that manufacturers should ensure a total error <5%, with bias and imprecision <2% during pregnancy. Large studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of CGMS among pregnant women with type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Monitoring, Physiologic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 30237233
DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0833 -
Annals of Clinical and Translational... Dec 2023We explored various prognostic factors of motor outcomes in corticosteroid-naive boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).
OBJECTIVE
We explored various prognostic factors of motor outcomes in corticosteroid-naive boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).
METHODS
The associations between parent-reported neurodevelopmental concerns (speech delay, speech and language difficulties (SLD), and learning difficulties), DMD mutation location, and motor outcomes (6-minute walk distance (6MWD), North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) total score, 10-meter walk/run velocity, and rise from floor velocity) were studied in 196 corticosteroid-naive boys from ages 4 to less than 8 years.
RESULTS
Participants with SLD walked 25.8 fewer meters in 6 minutes than those without SLD (p = 0.005) but did not demonstrate statistical differences in NSAA total score, 10-meter walk/run velocity, and rise from floor velocity. Participants with distal DMD mutations with learning difficulties walked 51.8 fewer meters in 6 minutes than those without learning difficulties (p = 0.0007). Participants with distal DMD mutations were slower on 10-meter walk/run velocity, and rise from floor velocity (p = 0.02) than those with proximal DMD mutations. Participants with distal DMD mutations, who reported speech delay or learning difficulties, were slower on rise from floor velocity (p = 0.04, p = 0.01) than those with proximal DMD mutations. The mean NSAA total score was lower in participants with learning difficulties than in those without (p = 0.004).
INTERPRETATION
Corticosteroid-naive boys with DMD with distal DMD mutations may perform worse on some timed function tests, and that those with learning difficulties may perform worse on the NSAA. Pending confirmatory studies, our data underscore the importance of considering co-existing neurodevelopmental symptoms on motor outcome measures.
Topics: Male; Humans; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne; Walking; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Language Development Disorders
PubMed: 37804000
DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51914 -
Journal of the International Society of... Jan 2021Accurate and reliable monitoring of blood ketone and glucose levels is useful for athletes adhering to a ketogenic diet who want to verify that they are in a state of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Accurate and reliable monitoring of blood ketone and glucose levels is useful for athletes adhering to a ketogenic diet who want to verify that they are in a state of ketosis and, therefore, accruing performance adaptations. However, the cost of devices and testing materials may prohibit their use. More affordable field testing systems are available, but their accuracy and reliability remain in question. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the agreement between a previously validated ketone and glucose meter (Meter 1 - Precision Xtra) and a more affordable meter that has not been validated (Meter 2 - Keto-Mojo), and also to assess the diagnostic performance of Meter 2 for identifying nutritional ketosis.
METHODS
Thirteen participants (7 females and 6 males; 21.6 ± 3.0 years old) visited the laboratory three times in this randomized, double-blind cross-over design study. Ketone and glucose levels were measured with Meter 1 and Meter 2 twice before and twice after ingestion of a racemic ketone, natural ketone, or maltodextrin supplement. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) estimates and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate interrater reliability for Meter 1 and Meter 2. Bland-Altman plots were constructed to visually assess the agreement between devices. Area under the ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of Meter 2 to detect nutritional ketosis at a threshold ketone level of 0.5 mM as identified by Meter 1.
RESULTS
Reliability between the meters was excellent for measuring ketones (ICC = .968; .942-.981) and good for measuring glucose (ICC = .809; .642-.893), though the Bland-Altman plot revealed substantial differences in agreement for measuring glucose. Area under the ROC curve (Area = 0.913; 0.828-0.998) was excellent for diagnosing nutritional ketosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Both Meter 1 and Meter 2 displayed excellent agreement between each other for ketone measurement. Meter 2 also displayed an excellent level of accuracy for diagnosing nutritional ketosis at a threshold value of 0.5 mM, making it an effective and affordable alternative to more expensive testing devices.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Area Under Curve; Athletes; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diagnostic Equipment; Diet, Ketogenic; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Ketone Bodies; Ketones; Ketosis; Male; Polysaccharides; Reproducibility of Results; Young Adult
PubMed: 33413456
DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00404-2 -
American Journal of Cardiovascular... 2019Physical activity could be an effective way to prevent obesity and cardiovascular disease.
UNLABELLED
Physical activity could be an effective way to prevent obesity and cardiovascular disease.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of our study was to evaluate physical performance in Chinese university students to offer a basis for preventing obesity.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted for evaluate physical performance, including the standing long jump, 50-meter dash, and pull-up/sit-up test.
RESULTS
The overall mean time of the 50-meter dash, standing long jump distance, and mean number of pull-ups was 7.98 seconds, 2.2773 meters, and 4.1041, respectively. For female students, the overall mean time for the 50-meter dash, standing long jump distance, and mean number of sit-ups was 9.89 seconds, 2.6191 meters, and 26.7997, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that physical performance in Chinese university students is poor; related departments should pay more attention to the physical health of university students.
PubMed: 31316861
DOI: No ID Found -
Biosensors & Bioelectronics Mar 2023Advanced biosensors, considered as emerging technologies, are capable of accurate, quantitative and real-time analysis for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications.... (Review)
Review
Advanced biosensors, considered as emerging technologies, are capable of accurate, quantitative and real-time analysis for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications. Moreover, the integrating of miniaturized meters into these advanced biosensors makes them ideally appropriate for portable, sensitive and selective detection of biomolecules. Miniaturized meters including PGMs (personal glucose meters), thermometer, pressuremeter, pH meter, etc. are the most accurate devices and wide availability in the market, exhibiting a promising potential towards detection of small molecule mycotoxins. In this article, we introduce and analyze the recent advancements for sensing of mycotoxins measured by handheld meters since the first report in 2012. Furthermore, limitations and challenges for versatile meters application against mycotoxins in food matrix are highlighted. By overcoming the bottleneck problems, we believe the miniaturized meters-based biosensor platform will provide great possibilities for mycotoxins analysis and launch them to the market.
Topics: Mycotoxins; Biosensing Techniques; Glucose; Point-of-Care Systems; Point-of-Care Testing
PubMed: 36669289
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115077