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British Journal of Haematology Nov 2021
Topics: Busulfan; Humans; Transplantation Conditioning; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 34514593
DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17816 -
PloS One 2018[18F]FAC (2'-deoxy-2'-[18F]fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, 1) is a versatile probe for imaging deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) expression levels in vivo. dCK is...
[18F]FAC (2'-deoxy-2'-[18F]fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, 1) is a versatile probe for imaging deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) expression levels in vivo. dCK is responsible for phosphorylation of deoxycytidine (dC, 2) and other nucleoside analogs, plays a key role in immune activation and has demonstrated to be one of the key enzymes in activating nucleoside based drugs including gemcitabine. Reported synthesis of [18F]FAC is high yielding but is quite challenging requiring bromination using HBr and careful drying of excess HBr which is critical for successful synthesis. Here in we report a simplified trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) assisted synthesis of [18F]FAC eliminating the need of bromination and drying. [18F]FAC (β-anomer) was synthesized with average isolated decay corrected yield of 10.59 + 4.2% (n = 6) with radiochemical purity of >98% and total synthesis time of 158 + 19 min.
Topics: Cytarabine; Deoxycytidine; Deoxycytidine Kinase; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Mesylates; Radiochemistry; Radiopharmaceuticals; Trimethylsilyl Compounds; Gemcitabine
PubMed: 29715301
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196784 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Sep 2019Dimethylsulfide (DMS), a gas produced by marine microbial food webs, promotes aerosol formation in pristine atmospheres, altering cloud radiative forcing and...
Dimethylsulfide (DMS), a gas produced by marine microbial food webs, promotes aerosol formation in pristine atmospheres, altering cloud radiative forcing and precipitation. Recent studies suggest that DMS controls aerosol formation in the summertime Arctic atmosphere and call for an assessment of pan-Arctic DMS emission (EDMS) in a context of dramatic ecosystem changes. Using a remote sensing algorithm, we show that summertime EDMS from ice-free waters increased at a mean rate of 13.3 ± 6.7 Gg S decade (∼33% decade) north of 70°N between 1998 and 2016. This trend, mostly explained by the reduction in sea-ice extent, is consistent with independent atmospheric measurements showing an increasing trend of methane sulfonic acid, a DMS oxidation product. Extrapolation to an ice-free Arctic summer could imply a 2.4-fold (±1.2) increase in EDMS compared to present emission. However, unexpected regime shifts in Arctic geo- and ecosystems could result in future EDMS departure from the predicted range. Superimposed on the positive trend, EDMS shows substantial interannual changes and nonmonotonic multiyear trends, reflecting the interplay between physical forcing, ice retreat patterns, and phytoplankton productivity. Our results provide key constraints to determine whether increasing marine sulfur emissions, and resulting aerosol-cloud interactions, will moderate or accelerate Arctic warming in the context of sea-ice retreat and increasing low-level cloud cover.
Topics: Aerosols; Arctic Regions; Atmosphere; Climate; Ecosystem; Ice Cover; Mesylates; Oceans and Seas; Phytoplankton; Seasons; Seawater; Sulfides
PubMed: 31501321
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904378116 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2022One of the most promising avenues of biofuel research relates to using waste as a starting feedstock to produce liquid or gaseous energy carriers. The global production...
One of the most promising avenues of biofuel research relates to using waste as a starting feedstock to produce liquid or gaseous energy carriers. The global production of waste glycerol by the refinery industry is rising year after year. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) on the growth rates and intracellular lipid accumulation in heterotrophically-cultured microalgae, grown on waste glycerol as the carbon source. The strain E20, produced by incubating a reference strain in EMS for 20 min, was found to perform the best in terms of producing biomass (0.054 g/dm·h) and accumulating intracellular bio-oil (0.021 g/dm·h). The selected parameters proved to be optimal for E20 biomass growth at the following values: temperature 27.3 °C, glycerol level 249.0 g/dm, oxygen in the culture 26%, and yeast extract concentration 45.0 g/dm. In turn, the optimal values for lipid production in an E20 culture were: temperature 24.2 °C, glycerol level 223.0 g/dm, oxygen in the culture 10%, and yeast extract concentration 10.0 g/dm. As the process conditions are different for biomass growth and for intracellular lipid accumulation, it is recommended to use a two-step culture process, which resulted in a lipid synthesis rate of 0.41 g/dm·h.
Topics: Biofuels; Biomass; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Ethyl Methanesulfonate; Glycerol; Methane; Oxygen; Stramenopiles
PubMed: 35270800
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053108 -
Applied Radiation and Isotopes :... May 2021Cowpea is the poor man's crop that lacks variability due to its autogamous nature. Induced mutation serves as a potential source in the induction of variability in...
Cowpea is the poor man's crop that lacks variability due to its autogamous nature. Induced mutation serves as a potential source in the induction of variability in crops. On the other hand, the effectiveness and efficiency of mutagens will vary between species and even varieties. In the present study, a novel mutagen electron beam was used in cowpea for the first time along with commonly used mutagens gamma rays (physical) and ethyl methanesulfonate (chemical). The biological damages on eight quantitative characters in M1 generation and chlorophyll mutants in M2 generation were recorded. Two popular varieties viz., P 152 and VBN 1 constituted as the biological material of study. The rate of reduction in biological damage on quantitative characters was directly proportional to the dose of mutagen irrespective of the varieties and mutagens used. Physical mutagens showed the highest biological damage (EB- 37.5% and G- 37.3% overall reduction from control) than chemical mutagen (EMS- 30.4%). Comparing the physical mutagens at similar doses, 200 Gy or 300 Gy of electron beam showed more biological damage than 200 Gy or 300 Gy of gamma rays. Eleven different types of chlorophyll mutants were identified in the M2 generation. Xantha is the most occurred chlorophyll mutants (44.44%), while aurea and yellow viridis have least occurred mutants. Chemical mutagen (EMS) is considered to be the most effective (6.47%) and efficient mutagen (27.09%) based on the chlorophyll mutants and it was followed by an electron beam and gamma rays. Among the physical mutagens, electron beam showed the highest biological damage (37.50% overall reduction from control) and higher effectiveness and efficiency (3.80% and 23.38%) compared to gamma rays (1.87% and 13.38%). Hence, the electron beam can also be used as an effective mutagen in creating variation in cowpea and other crops as it is highly effective, cost less and safe mutagen.
Topics: Electrons; Ethyl Methanesulfonate; Gamma Rays; Methane; Mutagens; Mutation; Ultraviolet Rays; Vigna
PubMed: 33639325
DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109640 -
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine :... Mar 2022The moon jellyfish () is a scyphozoan frequently maintained in public and private aquaria. Little research has been conducted to investigate the effects of various...
The moon jellyfish () is a scyphozoan frequently maintained in public and private aquaria. Little research has been conducted to investigate the effects of various drugs, such as anesthetics, in this species. Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222), a common immersion anesthetic for fish and amphibians, was evaluated in a managed population of moon jellyfish. Twenty-four clinically healthy jellyfish were assigned into three groups of eight for trials of 0.3 g/L MS-222 (low concentration [LC]), 0.6 g/L MS-222 (high concentration [HC]), and a saltwater control. The goal was to evaluate the effects of MS-222 administration on moon jellyfish movement and response to stimuli. Movement and response to stimuli were measured via rocking and probe stimulus tests and observations of bell contraction quality and body tone. These tests were performed at baseline and throughout both drug exposure and recovery periods. A threshold drug effect was defined based on systematic scoring criteria. Additionally, elastomer tags were administered to four of eight animals in each MS-222 group to evaluate response to tag placement after drug exposure. Threshold drug effect was achieved in six of eight individuals in the LC group and eight of eight individuals in the HC group. The LC group had median threshold and recovery times of 12.2 and 10.1 min, respectively, while the HC group had median threshold and recovery times of 4.0 and 19.9 min, respectively. The HC group had significantly faster time to threshold drug effect ( < 0.001) and longer recovery times (= 0.005) than the LC group. In both the LC and HC tagged group, three of four jellyfish had no reaction to tag placement. All animals recovered uneventfully, and there were no mortalities. MS-222 at 0.3 and 0.6 g/L decreased movement and response to stimuli in moon jellyfish.
Topics: Aminobenzoates; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Mesylates; Scyphozoa
PubMed: 35339154
DOI: 10.1638/2021-0028 -
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Sep 2019An efficient synthesis of thioglycosides from per-acetates in the presence of triflic acid is described. The developed protocol features high reaction rates and product...
An efficient synthesis of thioglycosides from per-acetates in the presence of triflic acid is described. The developed protocol features high reaction rates and product yields. Some reactive sugar series give high efficiency in the presence of sub-stoichiometric trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) in contrast to other known protocols that require multiple equivalents of Lewis acids to reach high conversion rates.
Topics: Carbohydrate Conformation; Mesylates; Thioglycosides
PubMed: 31490529
DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01610d -
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis Nov 2021In order to investigate the possibility that treatment age affects the genotoxic response to ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) exposure, we dosed gpt-delta neonatal mice on...
In order to investigate the possibility that treatment age affects the genotoxic response to ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) exposure, we dosed gpt-delta neonatal mice on postnatal days 1-28 with 5-100 mg/kg/day of EMS and measured micronucleus (MN) induction in peripheral blood and gpt gene mutation in liver, lung, bone marrow, small intestine, spleen, and kidney. The data were compared to measurements from similarly exposed adult gpt-delta mice. Our results indicate that the peripheral blood MN frequencies in mice treated as neonates are not substantially different from those measured in mice treated as adults. There were, however, differences in tissue-specific gpt mutation responses in mice treated with EMS as neonates and adults. Greater mutant frequencies were seen in DNA isolated from kidney of mice treated as neonates, whereas the mutant frequencies in bone marrow, liver, and spleen were greater in the animals treated as adults. Benchmark dose potency ranking indicated that the differences for kidney were significant. Our data indicate that there are differences in EMS-induced genotoxicity between mice treated as adults and neonates; the differences, however, are relatively small.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethyl Methanesulfonate; Female; Kidney; Male; Mice, Transgenic; Micronucleus Tests; Mutagens; Reticulocytes
PubMed: 34647641
DOI: 10.1002/em.22465 -
Internal and Emergency Medicine Nov 2020
Topics: Animals; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Models, Animal; Esters; Gabexate; Guanidines; Japan; Mesylates; Mice; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Serine Endopeptidases
PubMed: 32347443
DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02345-9 -
Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official... Feb 2021
Topics: Busulfan; Child; Humans; Transplantation Conditioning
PubMed: 33332188
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.20.03261