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Bulletin of Environmental Contamination... May 2022Organism tolerance thresholds for emerging contaminants are vital to the development of water quality criteria. Acute (96-h) and chronic (10-day) effects thresholds for...
Organism tolerance thresholds for emerging contaminants are vital to the development of water quality criteria. Acute (96-h) and chronic (10-day) effects thresholds for neonicotinoid pesticides clothianidin and thiamethoxam, and the carbamate pesticide methomyl were developed for the midge Chironomus dilutus to support criteria development using the UC Davis Method. Median lethal concentrations (LC50s) were calculated for acute and chronic exposures, and the 25% inhibition concentrations (IC25) were calculated for the chronic exposures based on confirmed chemical concentrations. Clothianidin effect concentrations were 4.89 µg/L, 2.11 µg/L and 1.15 µg/L for 96-h LC50, 10-day LC50 and 10-day IC25, respectively. Similarly, thiamethoxam concentrations were 56.4 µg/L, 32.3 µg/L and 19.6 µg/L, and methomyl concentrations were 244 µg/L, 266 µg/L and 92.1 µg/L. Neonicotinoid effect concentrations compared favorably to previously published 96-h and 14-day LC50 concentrations, and methomyl effect concentrations were within the acute survival range reported for Chironomus species and other organisms.
Topics: Animals; Chironomidae; Guanidines; Insecticides; Methomyl; Neonicotinoids; Nitro Compounds; Thiamethoxam; Thiazoles; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34874464
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03416-z -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2020Methomyl is a broad-spectrum oxime carbamate commonly used to control arthropods, nematodes, flies, and crop pests. However, extensive use of this pesticide in... (Review)
Review
Methomyl is a broad-spectrum oxime carbamate commonly used to control arthropods, nematodes, flies, and crop pests. However, extensive use of this pesticide in agricultural practices has led to environmental toxicity and human health issues. Oxidation, incineration, adsorption, and microbial degradation methods have been developed to remove insecticidal residues from soil/water environments. Compared with physicochemical methods, biodegradation is considered to be a cost-effective and ecofriendly approach to the removal of pesticide residues. Therefore, micro-organisms have become a key component of the degradation and detoxification of methomyl through catabolic pathways and genetic determinants. Several species of methomyl-degrading bacteria have been isolated and characterized, including , , , , , , , , and . The degradation pathways of methomyl and the fate of several metabolites have been investigated. Further in-depth studies based on molecular biology and genetics are needed to elaborate their role in the evolution of novel catabolic pathways and the microbial degradation of methomyl. In this review, we highlight the mechanism of microbial degradation of methomyl along with metabolic pathways and genes/enzymes of different genera.
Topics: Adsorption; Alcaligenes; Bacillus; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Flavobacterium; Humans; Incineration; Insecticides; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Methomyl; Oxidation-Reduction; Paracoccus; Pseudomonas; Serratia; Soil Pollutants; Trametes; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 32046287
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030738 -
Toxicology Research Oct 2021We investigated the ameliorative effect of the curcumin against methomyl-induced potential nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino male rats. In the present study, curcumin...
We investigated the ameliorative effect of the curcumin against methomyl-induced potential nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino male rats. In the present study, curcumin (100 mg kg bw), methomyl (0,8 mg kg bw) and methomyl plus curcumin were given to rats by oral for 28 days (for subacute examination). Concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine in serum and malondialdehyde level and activities of antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S transferase) and histopathological alterations in kidney tissues were studied. Methomyl caused an increment in the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid and MDA levels. In addition, methomyl caused a diminution in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S transferase. Tubular and glomerular degenerations occurred in the kidney tissues of methomyl-received rats. However, coadministration of curcumin with methomyl significantly minimized the adverse effects of methomyl on kidney function parameters, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities and histological structure of kidney tissue. The results showed that curcumin significantly mitigated methomyl-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
PubMed: 34733485
DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab080 -
Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT May 2021Pesticides have adverse effects on the cellular functionality, which may trigger myriad of health consequences. However, pesticides-mediated toxicity in the endothelial...
Pesticides have adverse effects on the cellular functionality, which may trigger myriad of health consequences. However, pesticides-mediated toxicity in the endothelial cells (ECs) is still elusive. Hence, in this study, we have used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a model to quantify the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of four pesticides (methomyl, carbaryl, metalaxyl, and pendimethalin). In the MTT assay, HUVECs exposed to methomyl, carbaryl, metalaxyl, and pendimethalin demonstrated significant proliferation inhibition only at higher concentrations (500 and 1000 μM). Likewise, neutral red uptake (NRU) assay also showed proliferation inhibition of HUVECs at 500 and 1000 μM by the four pesticides, confirming lysosomal fragility. HUVECs exposed to the four pesticides significantly increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Comet assay and flow cytometric data exhibited DNA damage and apoptotic cell death in HUVECs after 24 h of exposure with methomyl, metalaxyl, carbaryl, and pendimethalin. This is a first study on HUVECs signifying the cytotoxic-genotoxic and apoptotic potential of carbamate insecticides (methomyl and carbaryl), fungicide (metalaxyl), and herbicide (pendimethalin). Overall, these pesticides may affect ECs functions and angiogenesis; nonetheless, mechanistic studies are warranted from the perspective of vascular biology using in vivo test models.
Topics: Alanine; Aniline Compounds; Carbaryl; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Herbicides; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Insecticides; Methomyl; Pesticides; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 33427323
DOI: 10.1002/jat.4139 -
Toxics Apr 2023There is limited literature analyzing the outcome of human poisoning with methomyl and cypermethrin pesticide mixture. Between 2002 and 2018, a total of 63 patients...
There is limited literature analyzing the outcome of human poisoning with methomyl and cypermethrin pesticide mixture. Between 2002 and 2018, a total of 63 patients intoxicated with methomyl, cypermethrin, or their pesticide mixture were treated at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The patients were categorized into three groups based on the type of pesticide, as methomyl (n = 10), cypermethrin (n = 31), or methomyl and cypermethrin (n = 22). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and mortality data were obtained for analysis. The patients were aged 54.9 ± 18.9 years. Following ingestion, the patients experienced a wide range of clinical symptoms, including aspiration pneumonia (50.8%), acute respiratory failure (41.3%), acute kidney injury (33.3%), multiple organ failure (19.0%), emesis (19.0%), acute hepatitis (12.7%), diarrhea (7.9%), seizures (4.8%), lacrimation (4.8%), etc. After analysis, it was found that patients with methomyl and cypermethrin poisoning suffered higher incidences of acute respiratory failure ( < 0.001), aspiration pneumonia ( = 0.004), acute kidney injury ( = 0.011), and multiple organ failure ( < 0.001) than the other groups. Laboratory analyses revealed that patients with methomyl and cypermethrin poisoning had a higher creatinine level ( = 0.011), white blood cell count ( < 0.001), and neutrophil count ( = 0.019) than the other groups. A total of seven (11.1%) patients died. The average duration of hospitalization was 9.8 ± 10.0 days. In a multivariate logistic regression model, it was revealed that methomyl pesticide ( = 0.045) or methomyl and cypermethrin pesticide mixture ( = 0.013) were significant risk factors for acute respiratory failure. Nevertheless, no mortality risk factor could be identified. Therefore, the analytical results suggest that methomyl pesticide is the major contributor to the toxicity of methomyl and cypermethrin pesticide mixture poisoning. More research is needed.
PubMed: 37112599
DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040372 -
Toxicology and Industrial Health Sep 2023Methomyl is a carbamate insecticide with confirmed testicular toxicity. This study intended to observe the effect of methomyl on testicular cells and the protective...
Methomyl is a carbamate insecticide with confirmed testicular toxicity. This study intended to observe the effect of methomyl on testicular cells and the protective effect of folic acid through in experiments. The GC-1 spermatogonia, TM4 Sertoli cells, and TM3 Leydig cells were treated with methomyl (0, 250, 500, and 1000 μM) with or without folic acid (0, 10, 100, and 1000 nM) for 24 h. It was found that methomyl increased cytotoxicity to testicular cells in a dose-dependent manner. In spermatogonia, methomyl significantly inhibited the expression of proliferation genes Ki67 and PCNA at 1000 μM, and increased the expression of apoptosis genes Caspase3 and Bax at each dose. In Sertoli cells, methomyl dose-dependently inhibited the expression of blood-testis barrier function genes TJP1, Cx43, and N-cadherin, but did not affect Occludin and E-cadherin. In Leydig cells, methomyl inhibited the expression of steroid synthase P450scc, StAR, Hsd3b1 and down-regulated the level of testosterone, but did not affect Cyp17a1 and Hsd17b1. Further, folic acid could basically reduce the damage caused by methomyl. This study provided new insights into the toxicity of methomyl and the protective effect of folic acid.
Topics: Male; Humans; Insecticides; Methomyl; Folic Acid; Testis; Sertoli Cells; Leydig Cells
PubMed: 37409447
DOI: 10.1177/07482337221140221 -
Food Chemistry May 2023In this study, a hapten of methomyl was designed and used to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against methomyl. Based on these mAbs, we developed an enzyme-linked...
In this study, a hapten of methomyl was designed and used to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against methomyl. Based on these mAbs, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochromatographic assay (ICA) strip for the determination of methomyl residues. Results from the ELISA showed that mAb 1D10 exhibited higher affinity with an affinity constant of 2.76 × 10 L/mol and higher sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) was 8.12 ng/mL. After optimizing the ICA, a visible limit of detection (vLOD) was found to be 100 ng/g and the cut-off value was 500 ng/g for methomyl in cabbage and tomato. The calculated LODs were 3.2 ng/g and 5.4 ng/g in cabbage and tomato, respectively. Moreover, results from the ICA were consistent with those of the ELISA in our recovery assay using spiked samples. Hence, the ICA method has a bright future and great prospects for the detection of methomyl in food samples.
Topics: Brassica; Solanum lycopersicum; Methomyl; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Limit of Detection; Chromatography, Affinity; Immunoassay
PubMed: 36584534
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135273 -
Neurotoxicology and Teratology 2022The use of pesticides has continue grown over recent years, leading to several environmental and health concerns, such as the contamination of surface and groundwater...
The use of pesticides has continue grown over recent years, leading to several environmental and health concerns, such as the contamination of surface and groundwater resources and associated biota, potentially affecting populations that are not primary targets of these complex chemical mixtures. In this work, we investigate lethal and sublethal effects of acute exposure of methomyl commercial formulation in zebrafish embryo and larvae. Methomyl is a broad-spectrum carbamate insecticide and acaricide that acts primarily in acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChE). Methomyl formulation 96 h-LC was determined through the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test (FET) and resulted in 1.2 g/L ± 0.04. Sublethal 6-day exposure was performed in six methomyl formulation concentrations (0.5; 1.0; 2.2; 4.8; 10.6; 23.3 mg/L) to evaluate developmental, physiological, morphological, behavioral, biochemical, and molecular endpoints of zebrafish early-development. Methomyl affected embryo hatching and larva morphology and behavior, especially in higher concentrations; resulting in smaller body and eyes size, failure in swimming bladder inflation, hypolocomotor activity, and concentration-dependent reduction of AChE activity; demonstrating methomyl strong acute toxicity and neurotoxic effect.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Larva; Methomyl; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zebrafish
PubMed: 34942342
DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107058 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Sep 2022Cytomixis is a common phenomenon observed in meiotic cells such as anther which is influenced by various factors. Use of pesticides is a common practice in agriculture....
Cytomixis is a common phenomenon observed in meiotic cells such as anther which is influenced by various factors. Use of pesticides is a common practice in agriculture. However, it is not known whether pesticides can induce cytomixis in plant cells and induce genetic variation. To understand this, the present study was planned to assess the cytomixis and syncytes behaviors in PMCs of L. Seeds of (Family: Fabaceae) were treated with different concentrations of commonly used pesticides methomyl (ME), imbraclaobrid (IM) and clethodim (CL). Seeds were treated with various concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5% of ME, IM and CL prepared in water) for 1 and 3 h. Effect of pesticides on pollen fertility, frequency of cytomixis, and kind of cytomixis cells was assessed. In the cytomixis cells, the cytomictic channel (CC) and direct fusion (DF), and various stages of meiosis (PI, MI, AI and TI) with cytomixis cells were observed. In addition, frequency of syncytes cell and their various stages of meiosis I (PI, MI, AI and TI) in pollen mother cells (PMCs) was assessed. During the microsporogenesis in the occurrence of cytomixis and syncytes at various stages of meiosis I were seen. The formation of cytoplasmic channels and direct fusing of pollen mother cells (PMCs) were both seen to cause cytomixis, with the former being more common than the latter. The percentage of PMCs with cytomixis and syncytes cells increased with increase in the concentration of pesticides. The result of the present investigation indicates that commonly used pesticides ME, IM, and CL have a significant effect on pollen fertility, frequency of cytomixis, and kind of cytomixis cells, the cytomictic channel (CC) and direct fusion (DF), in addition, frequency of syncytes cell and their various stages of meiosis I (PI, MI, AI and TI) in pollen mother cells (PMCs) on .
PubMed: 35935105
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103390