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Environmental Research May 2022Piper longum extract as a reducing agent in green synthesis method is used to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). The impact of the reductant on the structural,...
Piper longum extract as a reducing agent in green synthesis method is used to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). The impact of the reductant on the structural, optical and surface morphological properties of ZnO-NPs can be analyzed. Piper longum extract has delicately tuned the band gap of ZnO-NPs. Increase in energy band gap indicates an increase in the number of capping molecules in the prepared ZnO nanoparticles. The carbohydrates and proteins not only play a fundamental role in ZnO capping, which is important for its stability, determination and biocompatibility. Thus obtained nanosized ZnO particles are confirmed by the surface morphological studies. Because of various surface interface properties might have different physical-chemical, desorption-adsorption abilities in the direction towards microbes, create different antibacterial performances. S.aureus has maximum inhibition zone of 23 mm and Escherichia coli has minimum inhibition zone of 7 mm. To assess the photocatalytic activity of the prepared ZnO-NPs under UV light irradiation, methyl orange, malachite green and methylene blue dyes were utilized as model contaminants. The degradation efficiency of MG, MB and MO dyes solution is found that 96%, 69% and 48% of degradation efficiency respectively under ultraviolet light irradiation. The properties of synthetic nanopowders suggest that they have important potential for a variety of biochemical and environmental applications.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Catalysis; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Piper; Staphylococcus aureus; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 35032540
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112686 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials May 2022A novel modified rice husk (MRH) has been prepared for removing cationic dyes in both single system and binary system. SEM-EDS, FT-IR, XRD and XPS were used to...
Adsorption of dyes methyl violet and malachite green from aqueous solution on multi-step modified rice husk powder in single and binary systems: Characterization, adsorption behavior and physical interpretations.
A novel modified rice husk (MRH) has been prepared for removing cationic dyes in both single system and binary system. SEM-EDS, FT-IR, XRD and XPS were used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of MRH. It showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of MRH for methyl violet (MV) and malachite green (MG) in single system was 154.49 and 996.97 mg g, while in binary system was 530.94 and 408.58 mg g, respectively. The experimental results showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was better to describe the kinetic behavior of MV and MG adsorption. By using double layer adsorption model, we found that the n for MV adsorption were 2.52, 2.65 and 3.34 at 298, 308 and 318 K, respectively, and the n for MG adsorption were 4.59, 4.85 and 4.30, respectively. These results illustrated that multiple dye molecules were adsorbed on one adsorption site in non-parallel direction, indicating that the adsorption of dyes is multi-molecular mechanism. Furthermore, synergistic and antagonistic adsorption might be existed simultaneously in binary system. In summary, MRH has been shown well adsorption properties and reusability and our finding might provide a new idea for developing low-cost, efficient and reusable adsorbent to remove dyes from wastewater.
Topics: Adsorption; Coloring Agents; Gentian Violet; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Oryza; Powders; Rosaniline Dyes; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35150995
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128445 -
Food Science & Nutrition Aug 2019The catechin content in green tea leaves varies according to cultivation conditions such as intensity of solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation, and thus, there...
The catechin content in green tea leaves varies according to cultivation conditions such as intensity of solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation, and thus, there is ambiguity about the best harvest time for obtaining optimal functional effects. In this study, the Yabukita (ordinary) and Benifuki varieties, which contain methylated catechin, were used to determine the difference in green tea catechins according to harvest times and tea manufacturing processes. Caffeine determination was also carried out to provide information about green tea intake for all age-groups of children and pregnant women. Determining the quantity of each catechin was difficult because of degradation, polymerization, and isomerization that had occurred during heat-drying in the refining process. In addition, the absorption of catechin compounds was tested using miniature swine because of their functional and physiological similarity to humans. Benifuki tea leaves contained epigallocatechin-3-(3"-O-methyl) gallate (EGCg3"Me) instead of epigallocatechin-3-(4"-O-methyl) gallate (EGCg4"Me). However, EGCg4"Me was detected during the entire intake period, but EGCg3"Me was not detected in the blood of miniature swine fed Benifuki tea. It is possible that the position of the methyl group was modified by the pig metabolism. Furthermore, caffeine from both Yabukita and Benifuki tea varieties was found to be easily accumulated in miniature swine. These results suggest that nonrefined September-October picking tea (autumn and winter tea) of the Benifuki variety is preferable over the Yabukita variety for consumption by children and pregnant women owing to its lower caffeine content and higher content of methylated catechin.
PubMed: 31428365
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1143 -
Journal of Insect Science (Online) Nov 2022Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a phytohormone that has been used to artificially induce plant resistance against multiple arthropod herbivores. However, it is still...
Methyl Jasmonate-Treated Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Depresses Performance and Alters Activities of Protective, Detoxification and Digestive Enzymes of Green Peach Aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)].
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a phytohormone that has been used to artificially induce plant resistance against multiple arthropod herbivores. However, it is still uncertain whether MeJA can trigger pepper plant resistance against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (green peach aphid, GPA). In this study, we assessed the effects of different concentrations (0, 0.008, 0.04, 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mM) of MeJA-treated pepper on the development and reproduction performance of GPA to identify an appropriate concentration for vigorous resistance enhancement. MeJA dose was applied on the pepper to investigate the changes in activities of protective enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; peroxidase, POD and polyphenol oxidase, PPO), detoxification enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, AchE; glutathione S-transferase, GSTs; cytocrome P450, CYP450, and carboxylesterase, CarE), and digestive enzymes (protease, PRO and amylase, AMY) in GPA. The results showed that all concentrations of MeJA-treated pepper significantly suppressed GPA performance, wherein 0.2 mM was the optimal concentration, as it presented the lowest intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), and the highest population doubling time (Dt) values. Furthermore, the protective enzymes (SOD and CAT), detoxification enzymes (GSTs, CYP450, and CarE), and AMY activities increased significantly in MeJA-treated groups than the control group, while the POD and PPO activities were remarkly inhibited under 0.2 mM treatment. These findings indicate that exogenous spraying of 0.2 mM of MeJA significantly enhanced pepper resistance against GPA. The result of this study suggests MeJA application can be used as a promising strategy in integrative management of this insect pest.
Topics: Animals; Aphids; Capsicum; Acetylcholinesterase; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 36545895
DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac074 -
Journal of Environmental Science and... 2021The present study evaluates the efficacy of ozonated water for the removal of pesticide residues in grapes and green bell peppers. Fruit fortified with pesticides...
The present study evaluates the efficacy of ozonated water for the removal of pesticide residues in grapes and green bell peppers. Fruit fortified with pesticides (azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, hexaconazole and methyl parathion) were subjected to 15 and 30 min aqueous ozone treatment. GC analysis of ozonated fruits showed a 48.67% to 96.95% decrease in pesticide residues of different pesticides. Methyl paraoxon, a toxic degradation product of methyl parathion, was detected in the ozonated water sample. To assess the effect of ozonation on the nutraceutical quality of fruits, the concentrations of eleven polyphenols and ascorbic acid were analyzed. The individual polyphenols showed different trend in 15 and 30 min treatment. Overall, there was an increase in the levels of all the polyphenols in grapes after 30 min ozonation treatment. In peppers, there was a net increase in quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, rutin and kaempferol in 30 min while other polyphenols were decreased. The ascorbic acid content of both the fruits was decreased by more than 70% upon ozonation. Thus, ozonation treatment was effective in pesticide removal. However, it changed the nutraceutical quality of grapes and green bell peppers.
Topics: Capsicum; Dietary Supplements; Ozone; Pesticides; Vitis
PubMed: 34190028
DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1940660 -
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination... Jun 2022Organic modified layered double hydroxides (O-LDHs), known as attractive adsorbents for organic pollutants, may pose severe toxicity to the aquatic organisms during...
Organic modified layered double hydroxides (O-LDHs), known as attractive adsorbents for organic pollutants, may pose severe toxicity to the aquatic organisms during their large-scale application. However, little information is available on the toxicity of O-LDHs and the joint toxicity with the coexisted organic pollutants. Herein, we employed organic three-dimensional layered double hydroxide (O3D-LDH) and methyl orange (MO) as representative to investigate the toxicity mechanisms of single substance and its binary mixture on green algae Chlorella vulgaris. Results showed that O3D-LDH and MO presented concentration-dependent toxicity, the binary mixture showed additive effect after exposed to low O3D-LDH concentration (≤ 50 mg/L), but antagonism was observed for the other. It revealed that the agglomeration of O3D-LDH and microalgae influenced chlorophyll content, eventually inhibiting the growth of algae. Overall, this toxicity investigation was critical for understanding the environmental risk of organic LDHs to provide theorical guidance for their practical application in the water purification.
Topics: Azo Compounds; Chlorella vulgaris; Chlorophyta; Hydroxides; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35347350
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03509-3 -
Journal of AOAC International 2014A simple, fast, and robust micellar LC method was developed for the separation and identification of the nonpermitted color malachite green in green pea and some...
A simple, fast, and robust micellar LC method was developed for the separation and identification of the nonpermitted color malachite green in green pea and some ready-to-eat foodstuffs. Malachite green (4-[(4-dimethylaminophenyl) phenyl-methyl]-N,N-dimethylaniline) is a hazardous dye that is used to treat fungal and protozoan infections in fish and is a common adulterant (coloring agent) in green pea and other green vegetables because of its green color. In the present work, malachite green was determined in various foodstuffs using a direct injection technique on an RP C18 column with isocratic elution. The optimum mobile phase consisted of 0.15 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 6% pentanol buffered at pH 5. Detection was carried out at 620 nm. Malachite green was eluted in 9.2 min without any interference caused by endogenous compounds. Linearities (r > 0.9999), intraday and interday precision (RSD less than 1.00%) in micellar media, and robustness were studied for method validation. LOD and LOQ were 0.10 and 0.25 ppm, respectively. The simplicity of the developed method makes it useful for routine analysis in the area of food QC.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Coloring Agents; Food Contamination; Limit of Detection; Micelles; Pisum sativum; Rosaniline Dyes
PubMed: 25902988
DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.13-285 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022The danger from the content of dyes produced by textile-industry waste can cause environmental degradation when not appropriately treated. However, existing...
The danger from the content of dyes produced by textile-industry waste can cause environmental degradation when not appropriately treated. However, existing waste-treatment methods have not been effective in degrading dyes in textile waste. Zero-valent iron (ZVI), which has been widely used for wastewater treatment, needs to be developed to acquire effective green production. Tea () leaves contain many polyphenolic compounds used as natural reducing agents. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize ZVI using biological reducing agents from tea-leaf extract and apply the Fenton method to degrade the color mixture of rhodamine B and methyl orange. The results show that the highest polyphenols were obtained from tea extract by heating to 90 °C for 80 min. Furthermore, PSA results show that ZVI had a homogeneous size of iron and tea extract at a volume ratio of 1:3. The SEM-EDS results show that all samples had agglomerated particles. The ZVI 1:1 showed the best results, with a 100% decrease in the color intensity of the dye mixture for 60 min of reaction and a degradation percentage of 100% and 66.47% for rhodamine B and methyl orange from LC-MS analysis, respectively. Finally, the decrease in COD value by ZVI was 92.11%, higher than the 47.36% decrease obtained using Fe(II).
PubMed: 35009476
DOI: 10.3390/ma15010332 -
Biotechnic & Histochemistry : Official... Jan 2015The incidence of potentially malignant oral pathology such as leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and squamous cell carcinoma has increased in India. We investigated...
The incidence of potentially malignant oral pathology such as leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and squamous cell carcinoma has increased in India. We investigated whether cytoplasmic diameter, nuclear diameter and nucleus:cytoplasm ratio in exfoliative cytology are reliable indicators of potentially malignant lesions. We also investigated methyl green-pyronin Y and Feulgen staining as simple time saving and cost effective staining techniques for diagnostic exfoliative cytology. Cell and nuclear diameters of squamous cells of normal buccal mucosa, oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis were measured using an ocular micrometer disc. The nucleus:cytoplasm ratios in pathological cells were compared to age, sex and site matched controls. We found a significant reduction in the mean cytoplasmic and nuclear diameter in the experimental groups compared to normal controls. Methyl green-pyronin Y stained smears were clearer than Feulgen stained cells. We suggest that a decreased mean cytoplasmic diameter of exfoliated buccal mucosal cells could serve as an early indicator of dysplastic change in lesions that otherwise appear benign. Methyl green-pyronin Y may be useful for identifying premalignant and malignant transformations before a lesion is visible. The simplicity of the technique makes its routine use feasible.
Topics: Cell Nucleus; Cytodiagnosis; Cytoplasm; Female; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Male; Methyl Green; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Oral Submucous Fibrosis; Precancerous Conditions; Pyronine; Rosaniline Dyes; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 24867495
DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2014.919025 -
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Jan 2019We synthesized several DNA oligonucleotides containing one or several 2'-O-methyl-8-methyl guanosine (mGm) and demonstrated that these oligonucleotides not only...
We synthesized several DNA oligonucleotides containing one or several 2'-O-methyl-8-methyl guanosine (mGm) and demonstrated that these oligonucleotides not only stabilize the Z-DNA with a wide range of sequences under low salt conditions but also possess high thermal stability. Using artificial nucleobase-containing oligonucleotides, we studied the interaction of the Zα domain with Z-DNA. Furthermore, we showed that the mGm-contained oligonucleotides allow to study the photochemical reaction of Z-DNA.
Topics: DNA, Z-Form; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Guanosine; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Binding; Transition Temperature; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 30545733
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.005