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Folia Microbiologica Nov 2018Aeromonads represent bacteria thought to be primarily mostly autochthonous to aquatic environments. This study was focused on the relation with antibiotics and...
Aeromonads represent bacteria thought to be primarily mostly autochthonous to aquatic environments. This study was focused on the relation with antibiotics and enterocins of identified Aeromonas species isolated from the intestine of trouts living in Slovakian aquatic sources. Intestinal samples from 50 trouts (3 Salmo trutta and 47 Salmo gairdnerii) were collected in April of years 2007, 2010, and 2015 from trouts of different water sources in Slovakia (pond Bukovec near Košice, river Čierny Váh). Due to the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry evaluation, 25 strains were proposed to the genus Aeromonas involving nine different species (Aeromonas bestiarum-nine strains, Aer. salmonicida-four strains, Aer. encheleia, Aer. eucrenophila, Aer. molluscorum, Aer. media, Aer. sobria, Aer. popoffii, Aer. veronii). Phenotypic evaluation of individual strains confirmed their species identification. Twenty-five strains of different Aeromonas species were sensitive to azithromycin, amikacin, mecillinam, mezlocillin, piperacillin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. On the other side, they were resistant to carbenicillin and ticarcillin. The growth of Aer. bestiarum R41/1 was inhibited by treatment with Ent M and Ent 2019 (inhibition activity 100 AU/mL). Aer. bestiarum R47/3 was inhibited by eight enterocins (100 AU/mL). It is the first study testing enterocins to inhibit the growth of Aeromonas species from trouts.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Fish Diseases; Genotype; Phenotype; Slovakia; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Trout
PubMed: 29808450
DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0616-1 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jan 2018Bacterial biofilm production is recognized as a strategy that helps aquatic bacteria in resisting to the presence of several kinds of pollutants, including antibiotics,...
Bacterial biofilm production is recognized as a strategy that helps aquatic bacteria in resisting to the presence of several kinds of pollutants, including antibiotics, in the bulk environment. The Pasvik River, located between Norway, Russia and Finland, is a sub-Arctic site polluted by wastes from metallurgic and mining activities. In order to study whether and to what extent bacteria are able to produce biofilms, and to assess whether this physiological characteristic influences their resistance to antibiotics, an investigation was performed on bacteria isolated from water and sediment collected along the Pasvik River course during two surveys (May and July). Bacterial strains were screened for their biofilm production and profiles of susceptibility to antibiotics. Results showed that biofilm formation was a widespread characteristic of the isolates. Most of them were also resistant to several antibiotics, such as ampicillin (100% of the isolates) as well as cefazolin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, mezlocillin, nitrofurantoin and sisomicin (90% of the total strains). This study shows a significant association between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance at inner stations both in water and in sediments in May only. This suggests that in Pasvik River colder temperature may stimulate bacterial aggregation into biofilm and simultaneously decrease bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics; since the occurrence of antibiotic resistance has frequently been linked to the presence of pollutants, this result could represent a strategy of bacterial survival under altered environmental conditions.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arctic Regions; Bacteria; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Biofilms; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Environment; Norway; Rivers
PubMed: 29079976
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0485-1 -
Klinische Monatsblatter Fur... Oct 2014Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in developed countries. The annual number of cataract surgeries in Germany is about 600,000. Acute...
BACKGROUND
Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in developed countries. The annual number of cataract surgeries in Germany is about 600,000. Acute postoperative endophthalmitis is a very severe and the most dreaded complication of cataract surgery. Various operative and non-operative measures have been suggested to prevent this serious complication. The European Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS) study of intracameral cefuroxime was the first prospective, randomised and partially placebo-controlled clinical trial showing the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent endophthalmitis in 2007. The aim of this retrospective study is to investigate a possible reduction of intracameral cefuroxime to prevent postoperative endophthalmitis at the University Eye Hospital Tübingen.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
During the period from January 2002 to August 2013, 2 time periods were determined based on the adoption of intracameral cefuroxime injections after cataract surgery. From January 2002 to May 2009 patients received at the end of cataract surgery a subconjunctival administration of 50 mg of mezlocillin and postoperative antibiotic eye drops (gentamicin) without intracameral injection. From June 2009 to August 2013, patients received an intracameral injection of cefuroxime while antibiotic drops (moxifloxacin) were used too. The rates of postoperative infectious endophthalmitis during these 2 periods were calculated.
RESULTS
31 cases of endophthalmitis occurred in 31,386 cataract surgeries. The overall cumulative incidence was 0.99 per 1000 patients. The incidence in the first period without intracameral cefuroxime injection was 1.38 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.72) per 1000 patients and in the second period 0.44 (95 % CI: 0.34-0.54) per 1000 patients (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Intracameral injection of cefuroxime reduces the rate of postoperative infectious endophthalmitis in cataract surgery significantly.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Cataract Extraction; Causality; Cefuroxime; Comorbidity; Endophthalmitis; Female; Germany; Humans; Incidence; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25333241
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1383013