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Infectious Diseases (London, England) Mar 2015Rothia mucilaginosa, a gram-positive coccus member of the family Micrococcaceae, is considered part of the normal microflora of the human mouth and the upper respiratory... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Rothia mucilaginosa, a gram-positive coccus member of the family Micrococcaceae, is considered part of the normal microflora of the human mouth and the upper respiratory tract. Although this organism is believed to be of low virulence, it is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic pathogen mostly affecting immunocompromised hosts.
METHODS
The medical literature was reviewed and we found 19 published cases of R. mucilaginosa pneumonia. We also report on a case of pneumonia attributed to this microorganism in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
RESULTS
From January 1970 to August 2014, a total of 20 patients with R. mucilaginosa pneumonia were studied. Patients with haematologic malignancies (7/20), profoundly neutropenic with central line catheters (7/20) are at higher risk of developing the infection, while immunocompetent hosts with impaired pulmonary defences are less frequently affected (4/20). Beta-lactams or vancomycin alone or in combination with other antibiotics have been successfully used for the treatment of R. mucilaginosa pneumonia. The outcome was favourable in 18 cases. Only one fatality was attributed to the infection.
CONCLUSION
R. mucilaginosa should be considered in the diagnosis of pneumonia in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. Early diagnosis and timely administration of appropriate antibiotic treatment are necessary for cure.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Immunocompetence; Immunocompromised Host; Lung; Male; Micrococcaceae; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Radiography; Vancomycin; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 25664502
DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2014.980843 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Lung infection is a global health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality and increasing rates of hospitalization. The correlation between pulmonary...
BACKGROUND
Lung infection is a global health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality and increasing rates of hospitalization. The correlation between pulmonary microecology and infection severity remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in lung microecology and potential biomarkers in patients with mild and severe pulmonary infection.
METHOD
Patients with pulmonary infection or suspected infection were divided into the mild group (140 cases) and the severe group (80 cases) according to pneomonia severity index (PSI) scores. Here, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to detect DNA mainly from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected from patients to analyze changes in the lung microbiome of patients with different disease severity.
RESULT
We used the mNGS to analyze the pulmonary microecological composition in patients with pulmonary infection. The results of alpha diversity and beta diversity analysis showed that the microbial composition between mild and severe groups was similar on the whole. The dominant bacteria were , , , , and , among others. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results showed that there were significant differences in virus composition between the mild and severe patients, especially Simplexvirus and Cytomegalovirus, which were prominent in the severe group. The random forest model screened 14 kinds of pulmonary infection-related pathogens including , , , , and . In addition, it was found that was negatively correlated with , , , , and in the mild group through co-occurrence network, while no significant correlation was found in the severe group.
CONCLUSION
Here, we describe the composition and diversity of the pulmonary microbiome in patients with pulmonary infection. A significant increase in viral replication was found in the severe group, as well as a significant difference in microbial interactions between patients with mild and severe lung infections, particularly the association between the common pathogenic bacteria and . This suggests that both pathogen co-viral infection and microbial interactions may influence the course of disease. Of course, more research is needed to further explore the specific mechanisms by which microbial interactions influence disease severity.
Topics: Humans; Pneumonia; Microbiota; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Metagenome; Micrococcaceae; Acinetobacter; Bacillus; Coinfection; Fabaceae; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Klebsiella; Lung; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 37900322
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1227581 -
Haematologica Dec 2023Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a Hodgkin lymphoma expressing functional B-cell receptors (BCR). Recently, we described a dual stimulation...
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a Hodgkin lymphoma expressing functional B-cell receptors (BCR). Recently, we described a dual stimulation model of IgD+ lymphocyte-predominant cells by Moraxella catarrhalis antigen RpoC and its superantigen MID/hag, associated with extralong CDR3 and HLA-DRB1*04 or HLADRB1* 07 haplotype. The aim of the present study was to extend the antigen screening to further bacteria and viruses. The fragment antibody-binding (Fab) regions of seven new and 15 previously reported cases were analyzed. The reactivity of non-Moraxella spp.-reactive Fab regions against lysates of Rothia mucilaginosa was observed in 5/22 (22.7%) cases. Galactofuranosyl transferase (Gltf) and 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (Bdh) of R. mucilaginosa were identified by comparative silver- and immuno-staining in two-dimensional gels, with subsequent mass spectrometry and validation by western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both R. mucilaginosa Gltf and Bdh induced BCR pathway activation and proliferation in vitro. Apoptosis was induced by recombinant Gltf/ETA'-immunotoxin conjugates in DEV cells expressing recombinant R. mucilaginosa-reactive BCR. Reactivity against M. catarrhalis RpoC was confirmed in 3/7 newly expressed BCR (total 10/22 reactive to Moraxella spp.), resulting in 15/22 (68.2%) cases with BCR reactivity against defined bacterial antigens. These findings strengthen the hypothesis of bacterial trigger contributing to subsets of NLPHL.
Topics: Humans; Hodgkin Disease; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Micrococcaceae; Lymphocytes
PubMed: 37139600
DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.282698 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021The oral microbiota has been observed to be influenced by cigarette smoking and linked to several human diseases. However, research on the effect of cigarette smoking on...
The oral microbiota has been observed to be influenced by cigarette smoking and linked to several human diseases. However, research on the effect of cigarette smoking on the oral microbiota has not been systematically conducted in the Chinese population. We profiled the oral microbiota of 316 healthy subjects in the Chinese population by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The alpha diversity of oral microbiota was different between never smokers and smokers ( = 0.002). Several bacterial taxa were first reported to be associated with cigarette smoking by LEfSe analysis, including ( = 1.56E-04), ( = 1.65E-06), and ( = 3.52E-02) at the genus level and ( = 1.55E-02), ( = 8.48E-08), ( = 4.13E-03), ( = 1.79E-06), ( = 3.83E-06), ( = 2.28E-04), and ( = 4.82E-02) at the species level. Two nitrite-producing bacteria that can increase the acidity of the oral cavity, and , were also enriched in smokers with FDR-adjusted -values of 3.62E-06 and 1.10E-06, respectively. Notably, we observed that two acid production-related pathways, amino acid-related enzymes ( = 6.19E-05) and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism ( = 2.63E-06), were increased in smokers by PICRUSt analysis. Finally, the co-occurrence analysis demonstrated that smoker-enriched bacteria were significantly positively associated with each other and were negatively correlated with the bacteria decreased in smokers. Our results suggested that cigarette smoking may affect oral health by creating a different environment by altering bacterial abundance, connections among oral microbiota, and the microbiota and their metabolic function.
Topics: China; Cigarette Smoking; Humans; Microbiota; Micrococcaceae; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34123872
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.658203 -
The European Respiratory Journal May 2022
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteria; Humans; Lung Diseases; Microbiota; Micrococcaceae; Respiratory System
PubMed: 35512808
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03079-2021 -
Cell Host & Microbe Nov 2015Asthma is an increasingly prevalent chronic respiratory disease particularly affecting children. Microbial colonization during early life has emerged as a central factor... (Review)
Review
Asthma is an increasingly prevalent chronic respiratory disease particularly affecting children. Microbial colonization during early life has emerged as a central factor influencing asthma susceptibility. A recently published prospective study links the reduction in relative abundance of 4 bacterial genera at 3 months of age to the development of asthma.
Topics: Animals; Asthma; Disease Susceptibility; Firmicutes; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Microbiota; Micrococcaceae
PubMed: 26567506
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.10.018 -
Surgical Infections Oct 2014
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Female; Humans; Meningitis, Bacterial; Micrococcaceae; Middle Aged; Turkey
PubMed: 25314347
DOI: 10.1089/sur.2013.220 -
Nature Communications Oct 2015Phosphatidylinositol is critical for intracellular signalling and anchoring of carbohydrates and proteins to outer cellular membranes. The defining step in...
Phosphatidylinositol is critical for intracellular signalling and anchoring of carbohydrates and proteins to outer cellular membranes. The defining step in phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis is catalysed by CDP-alcohol phosphotransferases, transmembrane enzymes that use CDP-diacylglycerol as donor substrate for this reaction, and either inositol in eukaryotes or inositol phosphate in prokaryotes as the acceptor alcohol. Here we report the structures of a related enzyme, the phosphatidylinositol-phosphate synthase from Renibacterium salmoninarum, with and without bound CDP-diacylglycerol to 3.6 and 2.5 Å resolution, respectively. These structures reveal the location of the acceptor site, and the molecular determinants of substrate specificity and catalysis. Functional characterization of the 40%-identical ortholog from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a potential target for the development of novel anti-tuberculosis drugs, supports the proposed mechanism of substrate binding and catalysis. This work therefore provides a structural and functional framework to understand the mechanism of phosphatidylinositol-phosphate biosynthesis.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; CDP-Diacylglycerol-Inositol 3-Phosphatidyltransferase; Crystallography, X-Ray; Kinetics; Micrococcaceae; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates
PubMed: 26510127
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9505 -
Journal of Oral Biosciences Jun 2024Rothia spp. are emerging as significant bacteria associated with oral health, with Rothia dentocariosa being one of the most prevalent species. However, there is a lack...
OBJECTIVES
Rothia spp. are emerging as significant bacteria associated with oral health, with Rothia dentocariosa being one of the most prevalent species. However, there is a lack of studies examining these properties at the genetic level. This study aimed to establish a genetic modification platform for R. dentocariosa.
METHODS
Rothia spp. were isolated from saliva samples collected from healthy volunteers. Subsequently, R. dentocariosa strains were identified through colony morphology, species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The identified strains were then transformed with plasmid pJRD215, and the most efficient strain was selected. Transposon insertion mutagenesis was performed to investigate the possibility of genetic modifications.
RESULTS
A strain demonstrating high transforming ability, designated as R. dentocariosa LX16, was identified. This strain underwent transposon insertion mutagenesis and was screened for 5-fluoroorotic acid-resistant transposants. The insertion sites were confirmed using arbitrary primed PCR, gene-specific PCR, and Sanger sequencing.
CONCLUSION
This study marks the first successful genetic modification of R. dentocariosa. Investigating R. dentocariosa at the genetic level can provide insights into its role within the oral microbiome.
Topics: DNA Transposable Elements; Humans; Micrococcaceae; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Saliva; Plasmids
PubMed: 38641252
DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.04.006 -
Archives of Microbiology Mar 2024This article reports the results of quantitative intra- and intergeneric taxonomic relationships among Micrococcaceae strains and a novel endophytic bacterium (SG)...
Quantitative intra- and intergeneric taxonomic relationships among Micrococcaceae strains reveal contradictions in the historical assignments of the strains and indicate the need for species reclassification.
This article reports the results of quantitative intra- and intergeneric taxonomic relationships among Micrococcaceae strains and a novel endophytic bacterium (SG) isolated from a suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh in our laboratory. The known strain Rothia sp. ND6WE1A was used as a reference one for SG. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were based on the 16S rRNA test. Quantitative analysis for the nucleotide identity (ANI) and calculation of evolutionary distances were based on the identified amino acids (AAI) test indicating the generic assignment of the reference strain within and between the identified monophyletic groups of Micrococcaceae. The amino acid data structure of Rothia sp. ND6WE1A was compared against the UniProt database (250 million records) of close lineage of Micrococcaceae, including other Rothia spp. These data presented unique and evolutionary amino acid alignments, eventually expected in the new SG isolate as well. The metagenomic entries of the respective genome and proteome, characterized at the genus and species levels, could be considered for evolutionary taxonomic reclassification of the isolated and the reference strain (SG + Rothia sp. ND6WE1A). Therefore, our results warrant further investigations on the isolated SG strain.
Topics: Micrococcaceae; Phylogeny; Fatty Acids; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA, Bacterial; Base Composition; Amino Acids; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
PubMed: 38485793
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03896-7