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BMJ Case Reports Aug 2019is a gram-positive amorphous bacillus and was discovered in the Russian space station 'Mir' in 1997. It shows phylogenetic similarity to , and as determined using...
is a gram-positive amorphous bacillus and was discovered in the Russian space station 'Mir' in 1997. It shows phylogenetic similarity to , and as determined using 16 s ribosomal RNA gene analysis is classified as a bacteria of the genus It was found to colonise in the human oral cavity, and there are some infectious reports but none specifies gynaecological infection. A 57-year-old woman, who had been continuously using intrauterine contraceptive device, presented with fever and lower abdominal pain. She was suspected tube-ovarian abscess caused by , but the uterine cavity culture revealed infection. Considering surgical treatment, conservative treatment by intravenous benzylpenicillin and subsequently oral ampicillin for 6 months improved the abscess, and she has no recurrence for over 1 year.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Abscess; Actinomyces; Administration, Intravenous; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Fever; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Micrococcaceae; Middle Aged; Ovarian Diseases; Penicillin G; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31466967
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-229017 -
MicrobiologyOpen Nov 2021Interspecific interactions within biofilms determine relative species abundance, growth dynamics, community resilience, and success or failure of invasion by an...
Interspecific interactions within biofilms determine relative species abundance, growth dynamics, community resilience, and success or failure of invasion by an extraneous organism. However, deciphering interspecific interactions and assessing their contribution to biofilm properties and function remain a challenge. Here, we describe the constitution of a model biofilm composed of four bacterial species belonging to four different genera (Rhodocyclus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Kocuria varians, and Bacillus cereus), derived from a biofilm isolated from an industrial milk pasteurization unit. We demonstrate that the growth dynamics and equilibrium composition of this biofilm are highly reproducible. Based on its equilibrium composition, we show that the establishment of this four-species biofilm is highly robust against initial, transient perturbations but less so towards continuous perturbations. By comparing biofilms formed from different numbers and combinations of the constituent species and by fitting a growth model to the experimental data, we reveal a network of dynamic, positive, and negative interactions that determine the final composition of the biofilm. Furthermore, we reveal that the molecular determinant of one negative interaction is the thiocillin I synthesized by the B. cereus strain, and demonstrate its importance for species distribution and its impact on robustness by mutational analysis of the biofilm ecosystem.
Topics: Bacillus cereus; Biofilms; Ecosystem; Microbial Interactions; Microbiota; Micrococcaceae; Peptides; Plankton; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Rhodocyclaceae
PubMed: 34964290
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1254 -
Pest Management Science Sep 2022The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a destructive pest of Solanaceae crops worldwide. α-solanine and...
BACKGROUND
The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a destructive pest of Solanaceae crops worldwide. α-solanine and α-chaconine are toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) in Solanaceae crops and are most abundant in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), accounting for more than 95% of the total SGAs. PTM grows on potatoes with a higher concentration of SGAs. Gut bacteria play an important role in the physiology and behavior of insects. To understand the role of gut bacteria of PTM in host adaptability, we isolated and identified major SGA (α-chaconine and α-solanine)-degrading gut bacteria in the gut of PTM by a selective medium and analyzed their degradability and degradation mechanism.
RESULTS
The gut Glutamicibacter halophytocola S2 of PTM with high degradation capacity to α-solanine and α-chaconine were detected by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and identified by morphological and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A gene cluster involving α-rhamnosidases, β-glucosidases, and β-galactosidases was identified by whole-genome sequencing of G. halophytocola S2. These genes had higher expression on the α-solanine medium. PTM inoculated with the isolated G. halophytocola S2 obtained higher fitness than antibiotic-treated PTM.
CONCLUSION
The G. halophytocola S2 in the gut of PTM could degrade the major toxic α-solanine and α-chaconine in potatoes. This enhances the fitness of PTM feeding on potatoes with high SGA contents. The results provide a theoretical foundation for the integrated pest management of PTM and provide an effective strain for the treatment of α-solanine and α-chaconine in potato food. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Crops, Agricultural; Micrococcaceae; Moths; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Solanum tuberosum; Vegetables
PubMed: 35484875
DOI: 10.1002/ps.6955 -
Journal of Fish Diseases Dec 2017Thousands of Scottish wild fish were screened for pathogens by Marine Scotland Science. A systematic review of published and unpublished data on six key pathogens... (Review)
Review
Thousands of Scottish wild fish were screened for pathogens by Marine Scotland Science. A systematic review of published and unpublished data on six key pathogens (Renibacterium salmoninarum, Aeromonas salmonicida, IPNV, ISAV, SAV and VHSV) found in Scottish wild and farmed fish was undertaken. Despite many reported cases in farmed fish, there was a limited number of positive samples from Scottish wild fish, however, there was evidence for interactions between wild and farmed fish. A slightly elevated IPNV prevalence was reported in wild marine fish caught close to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., farms that had undergone clinical IPN. Salmonid alphavirus was isolated from wild marine fish caught near Atlantic salmon farms with a SAV infection history. Isolations of VHSV were made from cleaner wrasse (Labridae) used on Scottish Atlantic salmon farms and VHSV was detected in local wild marine fish. However, these pathogens have been detected in wild marine fish caught remotely from aquaculture sites. These data suggest that despite the large number of samples taken, there is limited evidence for clinical disease in wild fish due to these pathogens (although BKD and furunculosis historically occurred) and they are likely to have had a minimal impact on Scottish wild fish.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Aeromonas salmonicida; Animals; Aquaculture; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Furunculosis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Micrococcaceae; RNA Virus Infections; RNA Viruses; Salmo salar; Scotland
PubMed: 28718925
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12654 -
Biological Research May 2022The study of the stress responses in bacteria has given us a wealth of information regarding the mechanisms employed by these bacteria in aggressive or even non-optimal... (Review)
Review
The study of the stress responses in bacteria has given us a wealth of information regarding the mechanisms employed by these bacteria in aggressive or even non-optimal living conditions. This information has been applied by several researchers to identify molecular targets related to pathogeny, virulence, and survival, among others, and to design new prophylactic or therapeutic strategies against them. In this study, our knowledge of these mechanisms has been summarized with emphasis on some aquatic pathogenic bacteria of relevance to the health and productive aspects of Chilean salmon farming (Piscirickettsia salmonis, Tenacibaculum spp., Renibacterium salmoninarum, and Yersinia ruckeri). This study will aid further investigations aimed at shedding more light on possible lines of action for these pathogens in the coming years.
Topics: Aquaculture; Chile; Micrococcaceae; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 35642071
DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00391-5 -
Journal of Endodontics Dec 2021This study evaluated the relative abundance and ribosomal activity of selected bacteria in carious dentin of teeth with different pulp conditions.
INTRODUCTION
This study evaluated the relative abundance and ribosomal activity of selected bacteria in carious dentin of teeth with different pulp conditions.
METHODS
Thirty healthy patients with class I occlusal caries in molars were categorized into 3 groups based on the pulp diagnosis: normal pulp (NP, n = 10) with caries extending less than half the thickness of dentin (as assessed radiographically), reversible pulpitis (n = 10), and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (n = 10) with caries extending more than two thirds of the thickness of dentin. Carious dentin samples were collected from the deepest part of the cavity and stored in RNAlater solution (Ambion Inc, Austin, TX). Eight bacterial taxa were evaluated from the samples: Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus fermentum, Veillonella, Actinomyces, Rothia dentocariosa, Olsenella profusa, Prevotella intermedia, and Bifidobacterium dentium. The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and 16S rRNA were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and used to calculate the relative genome abundance and relative ribosomal abundance. The Fisher exact test was used to compare proportions between groups. The mean rank difference between the various groups was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with the Bonferroni-Holm correction.
RESULTS
The reversible pulpitis group had significantly higher 16S rRNA gene and rRNA counts of Actinomyces (P < .001 and P = .002) and B. dentium (P = .005 and P = .007) relative to the NP group. The symptomatic irreversible pulpitis group had significantly higher 16S rRNA gene and rRNA counts of L. fermentum (P < .001 and P < .001), Actinomyces (P < .001 and P < .001), O. profusa (P < .001 and P < .001), P. intermedia (P = .001 and P = .002), and Bifidobacterium (P < .001 and P < .001) relative to the NP group.
CONCLUSIONS
Specific bacterial activity varies in carious dentin of teeth with different pulp conditions.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Bifidobacterium; Dental Caries; Dentin; Humans; Micrococcaceae; Molar; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 34534554
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.08.018 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Nov 2022To reveal the antibacterial mechanism of protocatechuic acid (PCA) against Micrococcus luteus.
AIM
To reveal the antibacterial mechanism of protocatechuic acid (PCA) against Micrococcus luteus.
METHODS AND RESULTS
M. luteus was exposed to PCA, and the antibacterial mechanism was revealed by measuring membrane potential, intracellular ATP and pH levels and transcriptome analysis. PCA induced the membrane potential depolarization of M. luteus, significantly decreased the intracellular ATP and pH levels of M. luteus and disrupted the integrity of the M. luteus cell membrane. Transcriptome analysis showed that PCA induced 782 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of M. luteus. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the majority of DEGs are involved in pathways of metabolic process, cellular process, biological regulation and transport activity. In addition, PCA inhibited the growth of M. luteus in skimmed milk and extended the shelf life of skimmed milk.
CONCLUSION
PCA had good bactericidal activity against M. luteus through the mechanism of cell membrane disruption and metabolic process disorder.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
PCA inhibits the growth of M. luteus in skimmed milk, suggesting that PCA is promising to be used as a novel preservative in food storage.
Topics: Micrococcus luteus; Gene Expression Profiling; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Adenosine Triphosphate; Micrococcus
PubMed: 35996816
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15743 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... 2016
Review
Topics: Aortic Valve; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Male; Micrococcaceae; Middle Aged
PubMed: 26585820
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2015.09.008 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr 2023Rothia, Kocuria, Arthrobacter, and Pseudoglutamicibacter are bacterial species within the family . Knowledge of human infections due to these bacteria is limited. This... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Rothia, Kocuria, Arthrobacter, and Pseudoglutamicibacter are bacterial species within the family . Knowledge of human infections due to these bacteria is limited. This study aimed to examine features of infections caused by non-Micrococcus (NMM). Findings of NMM from blood cultures and other sterile cultures from 2012 to 2021 were identified from the records of the Department of Clinical Microbiology in Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. True infection was defined as having signs of infection, no other more likely pathogen, and no other focal infection, together with two positive blood cultures or one positive blood culture and an intravascular device. A total of 197 patients with findings of NMM in blood cultures were included. Among adult patients with bacteremia, 29 patients (22%) were considered to have a true infection. Adults with true infection were significantly more likely to have malignancy (69%), leukopenia (62%), and treatment with chemotherapeutics (66%) compared to patients with contaminated samples (24%, 3%, and 8%, respectively) (0.001). A total of 31 patients had findings of NMM in other sterile cultures, and infections were considered true in joints (= 4), a pacemaker (= 1), and peritoneal dialysis fluid (= 1). Infections due to NMM occur but are rare. Growth of NMM in blood cultures should be suspected to be a true infection mainly in immunocompromised patients.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Micrococcaceae; Micrococcus; Arthrobacter; Retrospective Studies; Bacteremia
PubMed: 36946723
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01484-22 -
Nature Medicine Apr 2020Mucosal immunity develops in the human fetal intestine by 11-14 weeks of gestation, yet whether viable microbes exist in utero and interact with the intestinal immune...
Mucosal immunity develops in the human fetal intestine by 11-14 weeks of gestation, yet whether viable microbes exist in utero and interact with the intestinal immune system is unknown. Bacteria-like morphology was identified in pockets of human fetal meconium at mid-gestation by scanning electron microscopy (n = 4), and a sparse bacterial signal was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing (n = 40 of 50) compared to environmental controls (n = 87). Eighteen taxa were enriched in fetal meconium, with Micrococcaceae (n = 9) and Lactobacillus (n = 6) the most abundant. Fetal intestines dominated by Micrococcaceae exhibited distinct patterns of T cell composition and epithelial transcription. Fetal Micrococcus luteus, isolated only in the presence of monocytes, grew on placental hormones, remained viable within antigen presenting cells, limited inflammation ex vivo and possessed genomic features linked with survival in the fetus. Thus, viable bacteria are highly limited in the fetal intestine at mid-gestation, although strains with immunomodulatory capacity are detected in subsets of specimens.
Topics: Autopsy; Bacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Female; Fetus; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Lactobacillus; Meconium; Microbial Viability; Micrococcaceae; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 32094926
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0761-3