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Infection, Genetics and Evolution :... Jun 2021Rothia nasimurium is part of the commensal flora of humans and other animals and has recently received increasing attention for its multidrug-resistance (MDR) and...
Rothia nasimurium is part of the commensal flora of humans and other animals and has recently received increasing attention for its multidrug-resistance (MDR) and pathogenicity. Currently, no systematic reports characterize the genetics, mechanisms, and dissemination risks of antibiotic resistance in MDR R. nasimurium. Here, we present the first report outlining a MDR strain of R. nasimurium, E1706032a, isolated from ducks exhibiting clinical sickness. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that E1706032a mostly likely originated in the commensal bacteria of Amazona aestiva in Florida. E1706032a is resistant to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, rifamycins, tetracyclines, lincosamides and chloramphenicol. Genetic sequences related to drug resistance were detected, including resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib, ant(3″)-Ia, sul1, dfrA7, erm(X)), efflux pumps (tetZ, qacEΔ1, cmx, phosphate ABC transporter ATP-binding protein), and resistance-related proteins (hydrolase of the metallo-beta-lactamase (MBLs), mycinamicin resistance protein (myrA), DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta (rpoB) variants, etc). E1706032a carries an IS481-like element, IS5564 and IS6-like elements, and IS6100 along with several novel transposases of the IS3 family. E1706032a also carries the class 1 integron gene IntI1, which is downstream adjacent to the gene cassettes aac(6')-Ib, tetZ, dfrA27, ant(3″)-Ia, qacEΔ1, sul1, cmx and upstream adjacent to gene tnpA of IS6100. Genetic analysis suggests that E1706032a carries wide antibiotic resistance and dissemination potential through movable elements and thus has the potential to cause difficult-to-treat infections in animals and humans. The dissemination of E1706032a from parrots in Florida to ducks in eastern China indicates a cross-regional public health infection risk that should be evaluated for risk of global spreading.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Ducks; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Micrococcaceae; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 33588066
DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104770 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Oct 2022An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive and non-spore-forming strain, designated C1-1, was isolated from a fellfield soil sample collected from frost-sorted polygons on Jane...
An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive and non-spore-forming strain, designated C1-1, was isolated from a fellfield soil sample collected from frost-sorted polygons on Jane Col, Signy Island, Maritime Antarctic. Cells with a size of 0.65-0.9×1.2-1.7 µm have a flagellar motile apparatus and exhibit a rod-coccus growth cycle. Optimal growth conditions were observed at 15-20 °C, pH 7.0 and NaCl concentration up to 0.5 % (w/v) in the medium. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of C1-1 showed the highest pairwise similarity of 98.77 % to NBRC 113092. Phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA and whole-genome sequences revealed that strain C1-1 belongs to the genus and is most closely related to members of the ' group'. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 58.95 mol%. The original and orthologous average nucleotide identities between strain C1-1 and NBRC 113092 were 77.15 % and 77.38 %, respectively. The digital DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain C1-1 and NBRC 113092 was 21.6 %. The polar lipid profile was composed mainly of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unidentified glycolipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C (75 %) and anteiso-C (15.2 %). Menaquinone MK-9(H) (86.4 %) was the major respiratory quinone in strain C1-1. The peptidoglycan type was determined as A3α (l-Lys-l-Ala; A11.6). Based on all described phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose that strain C1-1 (=DSM 112353=CCM 9148) is the type strain of a novel species sp. nov.
Topics: Arthrobacter; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Base Composition; Soil; Vitamin K 2; Sodium Chloride; Cardiolipins; Antarctic Regions; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Fatty Acids; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Phospholipids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Micrococcaceae; Glycolipids; Phosphatidylinositols; Nucleotides
PubMed: 36256564
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005541 -
Journal of Fish Diseases Apr 2023Vertical transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum has been well-documented in anadromous salmonids but not in hatchery-reared inland trout. We assessed whether the...
Vertical transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum has been well-documented in anadromous salmonids but not in hatchery-reared inland trout. We assessed whether the bacterium is vertically transmitted in cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) from a Colorado, USA hatchery, and assessed the rate of transmission from male and female brood fish. Adult brood fish were killed, tested for R. salmoninarum in kidney, liver, spleen, ovarian fluid, blood and mucus samples, then stripped of gametes to create 32 families with four infection treatments (MNFN, MNFP, MPFN, MPFP; M: male, F: female, P: positive, N: negative). Progeny from each treatment was sampled at 6 and 12 months to test for the presence of R. salmoninarum with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our study indicated that vertical transmission was high and occurred among 60% of families across all infection treatments. However, the average proportion of infected progeny from individual families was low, ranging from 1% (MNFP, MPFN and MPFP treatments) up to 21% (MPFP treatment). Hatcheries rearing inland salmonids would be well suited to limit vertical transmission through practices such as lethal culling because any amount of transmission can perpetuate the infection throughout fish on a hatchery.
Topics: Female; Male; Animals; Oncorhynchus; Salmon; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Fish Diseases; Micrococcaceae; Trout
PubMed: 36606373
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13745 -
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine :... Jun 2021Transmission of tuberculosis typically requires close and prolonged contact with an infected individual. However, several cases of transmission between elephants and...
Transmission of tuberculosis typically requires close and prolonged contact with an infected individual. However, several cases of transmission between elephants and from elephants to humans or other animals without direct contact or over long distances have been reported. Elephants have been shown to be capable of producing aerosolized bacterial droplets, suggesting a possible route of transmission that is magnified by the size and force of the elephant respiratory tract. To investigate the dispersion and viability of aerosolized bacteria generated from the elephant respiratory tract, a pre-existing model with a proxy organism was used. A six-stage Andersen sampler was used to detect the proxy organism, a commensal elephant respiratory bacterium, at different locations around an elephant barn at a zoo. The amount of proxy organism detected at various time points and distances from the elephants indicates they are capable of dispersing viable bacterial aerosols further than humans can. The concentration of these aerosols is dependent on proximity to the elephants and does not remain at a high level for prolonged periods of time. These findings support the model of aerosol-mediated transmission of bacteria from elephants and can be used to improve disease management practices and prevent the spread of pathogens from elephants in zoos and other facilities.
Topics: Aerosols; Air Microbiology; Animals; Elephants; Female; Male; Micrococcaceae; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 34130422
DOI: 10.1638/2020-0173 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020While extensive literature exists about the role of oral bacterial pathogens like and in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the role of health-associated species has...
While extensive literature exists about the role of oral bacterial pathogens like and in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the role of health-associated species has been largely unexplored. In this study, we assessed the effect of , and on proliferation and expression of marker genes (IL-6, TNF-α, MMP3, CD36, CCD1, and NANOG) in OSCC cell lines CAL27, SCC25, and SCC4. was included as a pathogenic control. Both bacterial lysates (3 concentrations) and live cells (3 MOIs) were tested. , and resulted in substantial, dose-dependent reduction of proliferation, which was found to be mediated by HO for the former and intracellular infection in the latter two species. However, only showed differential antiproliferative effect against the cancer cell lines vs. the normal control (TIGKs). In the gene expression assays, the health-associated species mostly downregulated CD36, a gene that plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis, while upregulated it. IL6 and TNF expression, on the other hand, was upregulated by almost all species, particularly the Gram-negatives including . The effect on other genes was less evident and varied significantly by cell line. This exploratory study is the first insight into how health-associated bacteria may interact with OSCC. Further studies to explore whether the observed effects may have implications for the prevention or treatment of oral cancer are warranted.
Topics: Burkholderiaceae; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Micrococcaceae; Mouth Neoplasms; Neisseria; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Veillonella
PubMed: 33123499
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.575656 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Nov 2017A novel actinomycete strain, designated KIS14-16, was isolated from forest soil in Ongjin county, South Korea and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. The cells are...
A novel actinomycete strain, designated KIS14-16, was isolated from forest soil in Ongjin county, South Korea and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. The cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods. The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16 is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2 (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08 (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3 (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783 (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124 (96.3 %). DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic data distinguished strain KIS14-16 from phylogenetically related type strains. The peptidoglycan type of strain KIS14-16 was A3α, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Lys, l-Thr, Gly and l-Ala4. Strain KIS14-16 contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and dimannosylglyceride. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.9 mol%. On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16 should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KIS14-16 (=KACC 17303=DSM 27180=NBRC 109660).
Topics: Arthrobacter; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Republic of Korea; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 28984548
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002329 -
Journal of Chemical Ecology Oct 2023Disease suppressive composts are known, yet little information on the potential role of specific microbial antagonist within are available. Arthrobacter humicola isolate...
Disease suppressive composts are known, yet little information on the potential role of specific microbial antagonist within are available. Arthrobacter humicola isolate M9-1A has been obtained from a compost prepared from marine residues and peat moss. The bacterium is a non-filamentous actinomycete with antagonistic activity against plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes sharing its ecological niche in agri-food microecosystems. Our objective was to identify and characterize compounds with antifungal activity produced by A. humicola M9-1A. Arthrobacter humicola culture filtrates were tested for antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo and a bioassay-guided approach was used to identify potential chemical determinants of its observed activity against molds. The filtrates reduced the development of lesions of Alternaria rot on tomatoes and the ethyl acetate extract inhibited growth of Alternaria alternata. A compound, arthropeptide B [cyclo-(L-Leu, L-Phe, L-Ala, L-Tyr)], was purified from the ethyl acetate extract of the bacterium. Arthropeptide B is a new chemical structure reported for the first time and has shown antifungal activity against A. alternata spore germination and mycelial growth.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Alternaria; Arthrobacter; Plants
PubMed: 37322383
DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01438-x -
Environmental Science & Technology May 2021Scandium (Sc) has great potential for use in aerospace and clean energy applications, but its supply is currently limited by a lack of commercially viable deposits and...
Scandium (Sc) has great potential for use in aerospace and clean energy applications, but its supply is currently limited by a lack of commercially viable deposits and the environmental burden of its production. In this work, a biosorption-based flow-through process was developed for extraction of Sc from low-grade feedstocks. A microbe-encapsulated silica gel (MESG) biosorbent was synthesized through sol-gel encapsulation of , a bacterium that selectively adsorbs Sc. Microscopic imaging revealed a high cell loading and macroporous structure, which enabled rapid mass transport and adsorption/desorption of metal ions. The biosorbent displayed high Sc selectivity against lanthanides and major base metals, with the exception of Fe(III). Following pH adjustment to remove Fe(III) from an acid leachate prepared from lignite coal, a packed-bed column loaded with the MESG biosorbent exhibited near-complete Sc separation from lanthanides; the column eluate had a Sc enrichment factor of 10.9, with Sc constituting 96.4% of the total rare earth elements. The MESG biosorbent exhibited no significant degradation with regard to both adsorption capacity and physical structure after 10 adsorption/desorption cycles. Overall, our results suggest that the MESG biosorbent offers an effective and green alternative to conventional liquid-liquid extraction for Sc recovery.
Topics: Adsorption; Coal; Ferric Compounds; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Micrococcaceae; Scandium; Silica Gel; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 33797230
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08632 -
Journal of Natural Products Apr 2020Microketides A and B ( and ), a pair of new C-11 epimeric polyketides, were obtained from the gorgonian-derived fungus sp. RA10-14 collected from the South China Sea....
Microketides A and B ( and ), a pair of new C-11 epimeric polyketides, were obtained from the gorgonian-derived fungus sp. RA10-14 collected from the South China Sea. The absolute configurations of and were assigned by the modified Mosher's method, TDDFT-ECD, and NMR calculations. Compounds and were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal, and growth inhibition of marine phytoplankton activities. Microketide A () exhibited promising inhibitory activity against , , , and with the same MIC value as ciprofloxacin (0.19 μg/mL).
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; China; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Micrococcaceae; Molecular Structure; Nocardia; Penicillium; Polyketides
PubMed: 32243151
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00144 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2022Marine pigmented bacteria are a promising natural source of carotenoids. Kocuria sp. RAM1 was isolated from the Red Sea Bohadschia graeffei collected from Marsa Alam,...
Marine pigmented bacteria are a promising natural source of carotenoids. Kocuria sp. RAM1 was isolated from the Red Sea Bohadschia graeffei collected from Marsa Alam, Egypt, and used for carotenoids production. The extracted carotenoids were purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The characteristic UV absorbance of the three purified fractions gave us an inkling of what the purified pigments were. The chemical structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The three different red pigments were identified as two C-carotenoids, namely bisanhydrobacterioruberin and trisanhydrobacterioruberin, in addition to 3,4,3',4'-Tetrahydrospirilloxanthin (C-carotenoids). Kocuria sp. RAM1 carotenoids were investigated for multiple activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-HSV-1, anticancer, antidiabetic and wound healing. These new observations suggest that Kocuria sp. RAM1 carotenoids can be used as a distinctive natural pigment with potent properties.
Topics: Carotenoids; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Micrococcaceae; Bacteria; Chromatography, Thin Layer
PubMed: 36307503
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22897-4