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Microbial Pathogenesis Feb 2020Studies on understanding the human microbiome continue to grow rapidly; nonetheless, reports on alterations in the microbiome post HIV infection are limited. Human...
Studies on understanding the human microbiome continue to grow rapidly; nonetheless, reports on alterations in the microbiome post HIV infection are limited. Human microbiome is an aggregate of bacteria, fungi, viruses and archaea that have co-evolved with humans. These microbes have important roles in immune modulation, vitamin synthesis, metabolism etc. The human pharyngeal microbiome, which resides in the junction between digestive and respiratory tracts, might have a key role in the prevention of respiratory tract infections, akin to the actions of the intestinal microbiome against enteric infections. The respiratory tract is constantly exposed to various environmental and endogenous microbes; however, unlike other similar mucosal surfaces, there has been limited investigation of the microbiome of the respiratory tract. HIV infection is associated with alterations in the respiratory microbiome. The aim of this study was to use next-generation sequencing to determine the composition of the oropharyngeal microbiome in a HIV-positive individual. The bacterial composition was determined by illumina sequencing using MiSeq of partial 16S rRNA genes (V3-V4). A total of 3, 57,926 reads were analyzed. Overall, the genera Proteus, Enterococcus, Bacteroides, Prevotella and Clostridium were most prevalent bacterial populations in the oropharynx of an HIV positive patient.
Topics: Bacteroides; Clostridium; DNA, Bacterial; Enterococcus; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; HIV Infections; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Microbiota; Micrococcus; Oropharynx; Pharynx; Phylogeny; Prevotella; Proteus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 31790791
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103805 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jun 2019Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) participate in immune defenses of invertebrate, vertebrate and plant species. As a kind of AMPs, penaeidins play important roles in innate...
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) participate in immune defenses of invertebrate, vertebrate and plant species. As a kind of AMPs, penaeidins play important roles in innate immunity of shrimp. In this study, two penaeidin homologues termed FmPEN3 and FmPEN5 were cloned and identified from Fenneropenaeus merguiensis for the first time. The complete open reading frames (ORFs) of FmPEN3 and FmPEN5 were 216 bp and 240 bp, encoding 71 and 79 amino acids, respectively. Both FmPEN3 and FmPEN5 contain an N-terminal proline-rich domain (PRD) and a C-terminal cysteine-rich domain (CRD). The genome structure of FmPEN3 and FmPEN5 genes both consist of 2 exons and 1 intron. qPCR analysis showed that FmPEN3 was constitutively expressed but FmPEN5 transcripts were found only in hemocytes, gills, epidermis, nerve and pyloric cecum. The FmPEN3 and FmPEN5 expression were responsive to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Micrococcus lysodeikticus infection and their transcription levels were downregulated by RNAi silencing of the transcription factors FmDorsal and FmRelish. In addition, recombinant proteins of FmPEN3 (rFmPEN3) and FmPEN5 (rFmPEN5) were successfully expressed in E. coli. The antibacterial assays revealed that rFmPEN3 and rFmPEN5 could inhibit the growth of M. lysodeikticus but only rFmPEN5 could inhibit the growth of V. parahaemolyticus in vitro. In summary, the results presented in this study indicated the functions of FmPEN3 and FmPEN5 played in anti-bacterial immunity of F. merguiensis, providing some insights into the function of AMPs in shrimp.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Arthropod Proteins; Base Sequence; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Immunity, Innate; Micrococcus; Penaeidae; Peptides; Phylogeny; Sequence Alignment; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 30991151
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.032 -
Journal of Natural Products Feb 2015Six new prenylated benzophenones, (-)-nemorosonol (1) and trijapins A-E (2-6), were isolated from the aerial parts of Triadenum japonicum. (-)-Nemorosonol (1) and...
Six new prenylated benzophenones, (-)-nemorosonol (1) and trijapins A-E (2-6), were isolated from the aerial parts of Triadenum japonicum. (-)-Nemorosonol (1) and trijapins A-C (2-4) have a common tricyclo[4.3.1.0(3,7)]decane skeleton, while 1 is an enantiomer of (+)-nemorosonol previously isolated from Clusia nemorosa. The absolute configuration of (-)-nemorosonol (1) was assigned by ECD spectroscopy. Trijapins A-C (2-4) are analogues of 1 possessing an additional tetrahydrofuran ring. Trijapins D (5) and E (6) are prenylated benzophenones with a 1,2-dioxane moiety and a hydroperoxy group, respectively. (-)-Nemorosonol (1) exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (MIC, 8 μg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC, 16 μg/mL), Bacillus subtilis (MIC, 16 μg/mL), Micrococcus luteus (MIC, 32 μg/mL), Aspergillus niger (IC50, 16 μg/mL), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (IC50, 8 μg/mL), and Candida albicans (IC50, 32 μg/mL), while trijapin D (5) showed antimicrobial activity against C. albicans (IC50, 8 μg/mL).
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus subtilis; Benzophenones; Candida albicans; Escherichia coli; Hypericum; Japan; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Micrococcus luteus; Molecular Structure; Plant Components, Aerial; Prenylation; Staphylococcus aureus; Stereoisomerism; Trichophyton
PubMed: 25602977
DOI: 10.1021/np500827h -
Current Research in Microbial Sciences Dec 2021The proteomics and transcriptomic analysis of strain AS2 was carried out through 2D gel electrophoresis and RT-PCR. Seven protein spots were selected randomly from the...
The proteomics and transcriptomic analysis of strain AS2 was carried out through 2D gel electrophoresis and RT-PCR. Seven protein spots were selected randomly from the gel and identified through mass spectrometry. Four proteins including putative metal-dependent hydrolase TatD, thioredoxin reductase, DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha and chaperone protein DnaK were upregulated while superoxide dismutase [Mn], 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase FabG, and putative alkyl/aryl-sulfatase YjcS were down-regulated under arsenite stress. No significant difference was observed in gene expression analysis in the presence and absence of arsenite. The optimum arsenite processing ability was determined at 37°C (90%) and at pH 7 (92%). The maximum metal processing ability was determined at 250 mM arsenite/L (90%) while the minimum was estimated at 1250 mM arsenite/L (42%). The maximum arsenite removal ability of strain AS2 determined after 8 days was 68 and 82% from wastewater and distilled water, and the organism can be a good bioresource for green chemistry to eradicate environmental arsenite.
PubMed: 34841312
DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100020 -
Archives of Microbiology Sep 2022Aim of this study was to optimize the production of Ligninolytic enzyme for the degradation of complex pollutants present in pulp paper industrial effluent (PPIE). Two...
Degradation and decolourization potential of ligninolytic enzyme producing Bacillus paramycoides BL2 and Micrococcus luteus BL3 for pulp paper industrial effluent and its toxicity evaluation.
Aim of this study was to optimize the production of Ligninolytic enzyme for the degradation of complex pollutants present in pulp paper industrial effluent (PPIE). Two ligninolytic enzyme-producing bacterial strains were isolated from PPIE and identified as Bacillus paramycoides strain BL2 (MZ676667) and Micrococcus luteus strains BL3 (MZ676668). The identified bacterial strain Bacillus paramycoides strain BL2 showed optimum production of LiP (4.30 U/ml), MnP (3.38 U/ml) at 72 h of incubation, while laccase (4.43 U/ml) at 96 h of incubation. While, Micrococcus luteus strains BL3 produced maximum LiP (3.98) and MnP (3.85 U/ml) at 96 h of incubation and maximum laccase (3.85 U/ml) at 72 h of incubation, pH 7-8, and temperatures of 30-35 °C. Furthermore, in the presence of glucose (1.0%) and peptone (0.5%) as nutrient sources, the enzyme activity of consortium leads to reduction of lignin (70%), colour (63%) along with COD (71%) and BOD (58%). The pollutants detected in control i.e. 3.6-Dioxa-2,7-disilaoctane, 2-Heptnoic acid,trimethylsilyl ester, 7-Methyldinaphtho [2,1-b,1',2'-d] silole, Hexadeconoic acid, trimethylysilyl ester, Methyl1(Z)-3,3-dipheny.1-4-hexenoale, 2,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexane,2,2-dimethylpropyl(2Z,6E)-10,11epoxy5,6 Dihyrostigmasterol, acetate were completely diminished. The toxicity of PPIE was reduced up to 75%. Hence, knowledge of this study will be very useful for industrial sector for treatment of complex wastewater.
Topics: Bacillus; Biodegradation, Environmental; Environmental Pollutants; Esters; Glucose; Laccase; Lignin; Micrococcus luteus; Peptones; Peroxidases; Wastewater
PubMed: 36161364
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03236-7 -
Heliyon Oct 2021is an important vector for many pathogens. Previous studies have revealed a role for midgut bacteria during pathogen infection in mosquitoes; however, studies of...
is an important vector for many pathogens. Previous studies have revealed a role for midgut bacteria during pathogen infection in mosquitoes; however, studies of midgut bacteria are limited. We examined the diversity of midgut bacteria in female laboratory-colonized and field-collected . A total of 31 bacterial genera were identified representing 10 and 28 genera of laboratory-colonized and field-collected , respectively. The predominant bacterial genera in the laboratory-colonized were and , whereas the bacterial diversity in the field-collected exhibited a higher proportion of and as the dominant genera. However, only showed a significant difference between laboratory-colonized and field-collected . The midgut bacterial species were identified from 30 laboratory-colonized mosquitoes. A total of 16 bacterial species were identified and the predominant bacterial species was , followed by and Field mosquitoes were collected from the Sing Buri, Chumphon, and Yala Provinces of Thailand. The midgut bacterial species identified from the 10 collected from the Sing Buri Province included and was the only bacteria identified from this area. Midgut bacterial species were identified from 40 filed-collected from Chumphon Province. A total of 25 bacterial species were identified and the predominant species were and Only 15 bacterial species were identified from the mosquitoes collected from Chumphon Province. A total of 18 bacterial species were identified from 30 collected from Yala Province and the predominant species were and Only 12 bacterial species were found in mosquitoes collected from Yala Province. These findings indicate changes in the midgut bacteria population in from various locales, which may result from variability in the blood-meal source, diet, or habitat. A comprehensive survey of the midgut bacteria community prevalence in wild populations is critical for not only gaining a better understanding of the role of this bacterium in shaping the microbial community in but also for informing current and future mosquito and disease control programs.
PubMed: 34765765
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08259 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology May 2019Lysozyme is an important defense molecule of the innate immune system and possess high antimicrobial activities. In this study, a full-length c-type lysozyme cDNA...
Lysozyme is an important defense molecule of the innate immune system and possess high antimicrobial activities. In this study, a full-length c-type lysozyme cDNA (Fplysc) was cloned and characterized from Fenneropenaeus penicillatus. The cDNA contains an open reading frame of 477 bp encoding 158 amino acids, with 53-94% identity with those of other crustaceans. The recombinant Fplysc had antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus agalactiae and Micrococcus luteus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio alginolyticus and Escherichia coli), and showed antiviral activity against WSSV and IHHNV. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that Fplysc expression levels were most abundant in hemocytes and less in eyestalk. The expression levels of Fplysc were significantly upregulated in gill, intestine and hemocytes when challenged with WSSV and V. alginolyticus. Fplysc-silencling suppressed Fplysc expression in cephalothoraxes and increased mortality caused by WSSV and V. alginolyticus, and exogenous rFplysc led to a significant decrease of shrimp mortality by injecting rFplysc into Fplysc silenced shrimp, suggesting Fplysc is the important molecule in shrimp antimicrobial and antiviral response. In conclusion, the results provide some insights into the function of Fplysc in shrimp against bacterial and viral infection.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Arthropod Proteins; Cloning, Molecular; Densovirinae; Escherichia coli; Hemocytes; Immunity, Innate; Micrococcus luteus; Muramidase; Penaeidae; Streptococcus agalactiae; Vibrio alginolyticus; White spot syndrome virus 1
PubMed: 30802628
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.043 -
Marine Pollution Bulletin Dec 2014Bacterial strains and metagenomic clones, both obtained from petroleum reservoirs, were evaluated for petroleum degradation abilities either individually or in pools...
Bacterial strains and metagenomic clones, both obtained from petroleum reservoirs, were evaluated for petroleum degradation abilities either individually or in pools using seawater microcosms for 21 days. Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were carried out to evaluate crude oil degradation. The results showed that metagenomic clones 1A and 2B were able to biodegrade n-alkanes (C14 to C33) and isoprenoids (phytane and pristane), with rates ranging from 31% to 47%, respectively. The bacteria Dietzia maris CBMAI 705 and Micrococcus sp. CBMAI 636 showed higher rates reaching 99% after 21 days. The metagenomic clone pool biodegraded these compounds at rates ranging from 11% to 45%. Regarding aromatic compound biodegradation, metagenomic clones 2B and 10A were able to biodegrade up to 94% of phenanthrene and methylphenanthrenes (3-MP, 2-MP, 9-MP and 1-MP) with rates ranging from 55% to 70% after 21 days, while the bacteria Dietzia maris CBMAI 705 and Micrococcus sp. CBMAI 636 were able to biodegrade 63% and up to 99% of phenanthrene, respectively, and methylphenanthrenes (3-MP, 2-MP, 9-MP and 1-MP) with rates ranging from 23% to 99% after 21 days. In this work, isolated strains as well as metagenomic clones were capable of degrading several petroleum compounds, revealing an innovative strategy and a great potential for further biotechnological and bioremediation applications.
Topics: Alkanes; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Brazil; Chromatography, Gas; Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Microbial Consortia; Micrococcus; Oil and Gas Fields; Petroleum; Phenanthrenes; Seawater
PubMed: 25457810
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.003 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022This study investigated the mechanism of membrane damage by protocatechualdehyde (PCA) against Micrococcus luteus and assessed effects of PCA on the sensory and...
This study investigated the mechanism of membrane damage by protocatechualdehyde (PCA) against Micrococcus luteus and assessed effects of PCA on the sensory and physicochemical properties of pork. The mechanism of PCA inhibition on M. luteus was studied by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) based on membrane potential, intracellular ATP concentration, intracellular pH, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). The results showed that the MIC of PCA against M. luteus was 1.25 mg/mL. Hyperpolarization of the bacterial cell membrane, a decrease in the intracellular ATP concentration, and intracellular pH indicated that PCA damaged the cell membrane of M. luteus. FEG-SEM observation revealed that PCA could cause surface collapse, cell membrane rupture, and content outflow of M. luteus. Additionally, PCA was found to inhibit increases in the total number of colonies, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value growth rate, and moisture mobility in raw pork. Additionally, it improved the color and texture of raw pork, all of which effectively prolonged its shelf life. This study will encourage the application of PCA as a natural antibacterial agent in the food industry.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Micrococcus luteus; Pork Meat; Red Meat; Adenosine Triphosphate
PubMed: 36344587
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23309-3 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Aug 2019This work is the first report of the ability of biochar-immobilized cadmium-resistant bacteria (CRB) on promoting the efficiency of cadmium phytoextraction by...
This work is the first report of the ability of biochar-immobilized cadmium-resistant bacteria (CRB) on promoting the efficiency of cadmium phytoextraction by Chlorophytum laxum R.Br. The survival of CRB immobilized on biochar in cadmium-contaminated soil at a concentration of 75.45 mg kg was studied. The results found that both CRB, namely Arthrobacter sp. TM6 and Micrococcus sp. MU1, can survive and grow in cadmium-contaminated soil. To study phytoextraction in the pot experiments, 2-month-old C. laxum was individually planted in cadmium-contaminated soil and divided into four treatments, including (i) untreated control, (ii) biochar, (iii) biochar-immobilized (BC) Arthrobacter sp., and (iv) BC-Micrococcus sp. The results found that biochar-immobilized CRB did not cause any effect to the root lengths and shoot heights of plants compared to the untreated control. Interestingly, inoculation of biochar-immobilized CRB significantly increased cadmium accumulation in the shoots and roots compared to the untreated control. In addition, the highest cadmium content in a whole plant, best phytoextraction performance, and greatest bioaccumulation factor was found in plant inoculated with BC-Micrococcus sp., followed by BC-Arthrobacter sp. In conclusion, inoculation of biochar-immobilized CRB enhanced cadmium accumulation and translocation of cadmium from the roots to shoots, suggesting further applying biochar-immobilized CRB in cadmium-polluted soil for promoting cadmium phytoextraction efficiency of ornamental plants. Graphical abstract.
Topics: Arthrobacter; Asparagaceae; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cadmium; Charcoal; Micrococcus; Plant Roots; Soil; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 31203543
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05661-6