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AAPS PharmSciTech Dec 2019Transdermal drug delivery is an emerging field in the pharmaceutical remit compared with conventional methods (oral and parenteral). Microneedle (MN)-based devices have... (Review)
Review
Transdermal drug delivery is an emerging field in the pharmaceutical remit compared with conventional methods (oral and parenteral). Microneedle (MN)-based devices have gained significant interest as a strategy to overcome the skin's formidable barrier: the stratum corneum. This approach provides a less invasive, more efficient, patient friendly method of drug delivery with the ability to incorporate various therapeutic agents including macromolecules (proteins and peptides), anti-cancer agents and other hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds. This short review attempts to assess the various materials involved in the fabrication of MNs as well as incorporation of other excipients to improve drug delivery for novel medical devices. The focus will be on polymers, metals and other inorganic materials utilised for MN drug delivery, as well as their application, limitations and future work to be carried out.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Epidermis; Humans; Materials Testing; Microinjections; Needles; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 31807980
DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1560-3 -
Advances in Wound Care Apr 2021In biomedical setup, at large, and drug delivery, in particular, transdermal patches, hypodermal needles, and/or dermatological creams with the topical appliance are... (Review)
Review
In biomedical setup, at large, and drug delivery, in particular, transdermal patches, hypodermal needles, and/or dermatological creams with the topical appliance are among the most widely practiced routes for transdermal drug delivery. Owing to the stratum corneum layer of the skin, traditional drug delivery methods are inefficient, and the effect of the administered therapeutic cues is limited. The current advancement at the microlevel and nanolevel has revolutionized the drug delivery sector. Particularly, various types of microneedles (MNs) are becoming popular for drug delivery applications because of safety, patient compliance, and smart action. Herein, we reviewed state-of-the-art MNs as a smart and sophisticated drug delivery approach. Following a brief introduction, the drug delivery mechanism of MNs is discussed. Different types of MNs, that is, solid, hollow, coated, dissolving, and hydrogel forming, are discussed with suitable examples. The latter half of the work is focused on the applied perspective and clinical translation of MNs. Furthermore, a detailed overview of clinical applications and future perspectives is also included in this review. Regardless of ongoing technological and clinical advancement, the focus should be diverted to enhance the efficacy and strength of MNs. Besides, the possible immune response or interference should also be avoided for successful clinical translation of MNs as an efficient drug delivery system.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Epidermis; Humans; Microinjections; Needles
PubMed: 32320365
DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1122 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022The zebrafish is one of the most widely adopted animal models in both basic and translational research. This popularity of the zebrafish results from several advantages... (Review)
Review
The zebrafish is one of the most widely adopted animal models in both basic and translational research. This popularity of the zebrafish results from several advantages such as a high degree of similarity to the human genome, the ease of genetic and chemical perturbations, external fertilization with high fecundity, transparent and fast-developing embryos, and relatively low cost-effective maintenance. In particular, body translucency is a unique feature of zebrafish that is not adequately obtained with other vertebrate organisms. The animal's distinctive optical clarity and small size therefore make it a successful model for optical modulation and observation. Furthermore, the convenience of microinjection and high embryonic permeability readily allow for efficient delivery of large and small molecules into live animals. Finally, the numerous number of siblings obtained from a single pair of animals offers large replicates and improved statistical analysis of the results. In this review, we describe the development of opto-chemical tools based on various strategies that control biological activities with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We also discuss the reported applications of these tools in zebrafish and highlight the current challenges and future possibilities of opto-chemical approaches, particularly at the single cell level.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Microinjections; Zebrafish
PubMed: 36234767
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196231 -
Cold Spring Harbor Protocols Apr 2022Microinjection is an important technique used to study development in the oocyte and early embryo. In , substances such as DNA, mRNA, and morpholino oligonucleotides...
Microinjection is an important technique used to study development in the oocyte and early embryo. In , substances such as DNA, mRNA, and morpholino oligonucleotides have traditionally been injected into , because of their large embryo size and the relatively long time from their fertilization to first division. In the past few decades, has become an important model in developmental biology; it is particularly useful in genetic studies. The advent and rapid development of CRISPR-Cas9 technology has provided an array of targeted gene manipulations for which is particularly suited. The equipment and protocol for microinjection is broadly transferable from There are important differences between the species to consider, however, including the smaller embryo size and faster embryo development time in There are a number of solutions and reagents that differ in concentration and composition as well. Here we describe a microinjection protocol specifically for studies in .
Topics: Animals; Microinjections; RNA, Messenger; Xenopus; Xenopus laevis
PubMed: 34244348
DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot107644 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... Aug 2022Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-supplemented acellular nerve allografts (ANA) are a potential strategy to improve the treatment of segmental nerve defects. Prior to clinical...
BACKGROUND
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-supplemented acellular nerve allografts (ANA) are a potential strategy to improve the treatment of segmental nerve defects. Prior to clinical translation, optimal cell delivery methods must be defined. While two techniques, dynamic seeding and microinjection, have been described, the seeding efficiency, cell viability, and distribution of MSCs in ANAs are yet to be compared.
METHODS
Sciatic nerve segments of Sprague-Dawley rats were decellularized, and MSCs were harvested from the adipose tissue of Lewis rats. Cell viability was evaluated after injection of MSCs through a 27-gauge needle at different flow rates (10, 5, and 1 µL/min). MSCs were dynamically seeded or longitudinally injected into ANAs. Cell viability, seeding efficiency, and distribution were evaluated using LIVE/DEAD and MTS assays, scanning electron microscopy, and Hoechst staining.
RESULTS
No statistically significant difference in cell viability after injection at different flow rates was seen. After cell delivery, 84.1 ± 3.7% and 87.8 ± 2.8% of MSCs remained viable in the dynamic seeding and microinjection group, respectively (p = 0.41). The seeding efficiency of microinjection (100.4%±5.6) was significantly higher than dynamic seeding (48.1%±8.6) on day 1 (p = 0.001). Dynamic seeding demonstrated a significantly more uniform cell distribution over the course of the ANA compared to microinjection (p = 0.02).
CONCLUSION
MSCs remain viable after both dynamic seeding and microinjection in ANAs. Higher seeding efficiency was observed with microinjection, but dynamic seeding resulted in a more uniform distribution. In vivo studies are required to assess the effect on gene expression profiles and functional motor outcomes.
Topics: Allografts; Animals; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Microinjections; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 35570113
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.04.017 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Sep 2023Bone-related disorders treatment is a serious public health concern, imposing a significant social and economic burden on patients and healthcare systems. Although... (Review)
Review
Bone-related disorders treatment is a serious public health concern, imposing a significant social and economic burden on patients and healthcare systems. Although conventional drug delivery systems have made advances in bone diseases prevention and management, the limited delivery efficiency and convoluted focal environment lead to inadequate drug absorption and lack of specificity to achieve the intended therapeutic impact. Microneedle-based therapy represents an extraordinarily safe and well-tolerable therapeutic approach for treating bone disorders, providing improved efficacy by breaking down the barriers and delivery of therapeutic components to the target sites with programable release profiles in a less invasive manner. Over the past decades, numerous significant achievements in the development of various types of drug-carried microneedles have been made to address the obstacles encountered in the bone-treating procedure, enabling the microneedle-based therapy to take an important step in practical applications. In this light, this review summarizes these remarkable researches in terms of microneedles types and drug delivery strategies, with the goal of demonstrating the benefits of exploiting microneedle-based therapy as a novel strategy for treating bone-related disorders. The remaining challenges and future perspectives are also discussed in the hope of inspiring more efficient and intelligent bone treatment strategies.
Topics: Humans; Drug Delivery Systems; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Administration, Cutaneous; Bone Diseases; Needles; Microinjections
PubMed: 37531783
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115013 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2020Embryo transfer surgery is an essential step in the process of generating gene-modified mice, regardless of whether the embryos were modified by DNA, RNA CRISPR...
Embryo transfer surgery is an essential step in the process of generating gene-modified mice, regardless of whether the embryos were modified by DNA, RNA CRISPR components, or embryonic stem cells, or whether they were microinjected or electroporated. Transfer is also a necessary step for assisted reproductive techniques such as rederivation and reanimation by in vitro fertilization. The manipulated embryos must be returned to the reproductive tract of a pseudopregnant recipient female mouse, wherein the transplanted embryos develop to term. Embryos may be transferred to either the oviduct or uterine horn, depending upon the developmental status of the embryos and the stage of the recipient. This chapter will describe the process of transferring embryos surgically to a recipient female.
Topics: Animals; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Embryo Implantation; Embryo Transfer; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Mice; Microinjections
PubMed: 31512210
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9837-1_8 -
Cold Spring Harbor Protocols Feb 2018Microinjection of oocytes has proven to be a valuable tool in a broad array of studies that require expression of DNA or RNA into functional protein. These studies are...
Microinjection of oocytes has proven to be a valuable tool in a broad array of studies that require expression of DNA or RNA into functional protein. These studies are diverse and range from expression cloning to receptor-ligand interaction to nuclear programming. Oocytes offer a number of advantages for such studies, including their large size (∼1.2 mm in diameter), capacity for translation, and enormous nucleus (0.3-0.4 mm). They are cost effective, easily manipulated, and can be injected in large numbers in a short time period. Oocytes have a large maternal stockpile of all the essential components for transcription and translation. Consequently, the investigator needs only to introduce by microinjection the specific DNA or RNA of interest for synthesis. Oocytes translate virtually any exogenous RNA regardless of source, and the translated proteins are folded, modified, and transported to the correct cellular locations. Here we present procedures for the efficient microinjection of oocytes and their subsequent care.
Topics: Animals; Gene Transfer Techniques; Microinjections; Oocytes; Protein Biosynthesis; Xenopus
PubMed: 29321284
DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot096974 -
Topics in Current Chemistry (Cham) Jan 2021Quantum dots (QDs) have attracted considerable attention as fluorescent probes for life sciences. The advantages of using QDs in fluorescence-based studies include high... (Review)
Review
Quantum dots (QDs) have attracted considerable attention as fluorescent probes for life sciences. The advantages of using QDs in fluorescence-based studies include high brilliance, a narrow emission band allowing multicolor labeling, a chemically active surface for conjugation, and especially, high photostability. Despite these advantageous features, the size of the QDs prevents their free transport across the plasma membrane, limiting their use for specific labeling of intracellular structures. Over the years, various methods have been evaluated to overcome this issue to explore the full potential of the QDs. Thus, in this review, we focused our attention on physical and biochemical QD delivery methods-electroporation, microinjection, cell-penetrating peptides, molecular coatings, and liposomes-discussing the benefits and drawbacks of each strategy, as well as presenting recent studies in the field. We hope that this review can be a useful reference source for researches that already work or intend to work in this area. Strategies for the intracellular delivery of quantum dots discussed in this review (electroporation, microinjection, cell-penetrating peptides, molecular coatings, and liposomes).
Topics: Animals; Cell-Penetrating Peptides; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Electroporation; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Liposomes; Microinjections; Quantum Dots
PubMed: 33398442
DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00313-7 -
Biomaterials Science Jun 2023Wound management is a serious concern worldwide, inflicting a huge social and economic burden on patients and healthcare systems, and research into efficient... (Review)
Review
Wound management is a serious concern worldwide, inflicting a huge social and economic burden on patients and healthcare systems, and research into efficient wound-management measures is crucial. Although advances have been made in traditional wound dressings for wound management to date, the complicated environment near the wound leads to inadequate drug absorption for achieving the intended therapeutic impact. Microneedles, a novel transdermal drug delivery method, can improve wound-healing efficacy by breaking down the barriers at the wound site and enhancing drug delivery efficiency. In recent years, there have been many advanced types of research on the application of microneedles to wound management to address the difficulties encountered in the wound-healing process. This article summarizes and analyzes these research efforts, classifying them according to their distinct efficacy, and addresses them in five areas: hemostasis, antibacterial effects, proliferation, anti-scar, and wound monitoring. The article concludes with a review of the current state and limitations of microneedle patches and an outlook on the future direction of microneedles in wound management as a way to inspire more efficient and smarter wound-management strategies.
Topics: Humans; Needles; Microinjections; Administration, Cutaneous; Wound Healing; Cicatrix; Drug Delivery Systems
PubMed: 37195779
DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00262d