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Journal of Experimental Botany Feb 2018Many trace metals are essential micronutrients, but also potent toxins. Due to natural and anthropogenic causes, vastly different trace metal concentrations occur in... (Review)
Review
Many trace metals are essential micronutrients, but also potent toxins. Due to natural and anthropogenic causes, vastly different trace metal concentrations occur in various habitats, ranging from deficient to toxic levels. Therefore, one focus of plant research is on the response to trace metals in terms of uptake, transport, sequestration, speciation, physiological use, deficiency, toxicity, and detoxification. In this review, we cover most of these aspects for the essential micronutrients copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, and zinc to provide a broader overview than found in other recent reviews, to cross-link aspects of knowledge in this very active research field that are often seen in a separated way. For example, individual processes of metal usage, deficiency, or toxicity often were not mechanistically interconnected. Therefore, this review also aims to stimulate the communication of researchers following different approaches, such as gene expression analysis, biochemistry, or biophysics of metalloproteins. Furthermore, we highlight recent insights, emphasizing data obtained under physiologically and environmentally relevant conditions.
Topics: Metals; Plants; Trace Elements
PubMed: 29447378
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx465 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Jan 2017Selenium is an essential trace element in the diet, required for maintenance of health and growth; however, its toxicity could cause serious damage depending on dose and... (Review)
Review
Selenium is an essential trace element in the diet, required for maintenance of health and growth; however, its toxicity could cause serious damage depending on dose and chemical form. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) represent what we believe to be a novel prospect for nutritional supplementation because of their lower toxicity and ability to gradually release selenium after ingestion. In this review, we discuss various forms and types of SeNPs, as well as the way they are synthesized. We also discuss absorption and bioavailability of nanoparticles within the organism. SeNPs demonstrate anticancer and antimicrobial properties that may contribute to human health, not only as dietary supplements, but also as therapeutic agents.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Nanoparticles; Selenium; Trace Elements
PubMed: 27356860
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.05.001 -
Food & Function Sep 2022Heat stress can cause tissue damage and metabolic disturbances, including intestinal and liver dysfunction, acid-base imbalance, oxidative damage, inflammatory response,... (Review)
Review
Heat stress can cause tissue damage and metabolic disturbances, including intestinal and liver dysfunction, acid-base imbalance, oxidative damage, inflammatory response, and immune suppression. Serious cases can lead to heatstroke, which can be life-threatening. The body often finds it challenging to counteract these adverse effects, and traditional cooling methods are limited by the inconvenience of tool portability and the difficulty of determining the cooling endpoint. Consequently, more research was conducted to prevent and mitigate the negative effect of heat stress nutritional intervention. This article reviewed the pathological changes and altered metabolic mechanisms caused by heat stress and discussed the protein (amino acid), vitamin, trace element, and electrolyte action pathways and mechanisms to mitigate heat stress and prevent heat-related disease. The main food sources for these nutrients and the recommended micronutrient supplementation forms were summarized to provide scientific dietary protocols for special populations.
Topics: Amino Acids; Electrolytes; Heat-Shock Response; Trace Elements; Vitamins
PubMed: 36040720
DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01813f -
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... Jun 2017The use of vitamins and minerals to prevent cancer as well as their supportive use in oncological patients is widespread and often occurs without the knowledge of the... (Review)
Review
The use of vitamins and minerals to prevent cancer as well as their supportive use in oncological patients is widespread and often occurs without the knowledge of the treating physician. Beyond general recommendations with regard to a balanced and healthy diet, no evidence exists supporting the use of vitamins and minerals in the prevention of cancer. Furthermore, the diet of oncological patients should contain vitamins and minerals of the same quantity as for healthy individuals. In particular, there is currently no rationale for a high-dosage administration of antioxidants.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Risk Assessment; Survival Analysis; Trace Elements; Vitamins
PubMed: 28637075
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-112046 -
Dermatologic Therapy Sep 2018The role of dietary factors is an important and controversial topic in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Despite the preponderance of consumer products... (Review)
Review
The role of dietary factors is an important and controversial topic in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Despite the preponderance of consumer products utilizing oral micronutrients supplementation for relief AD symptoms, less attention has been paid on the utility of topical micronutrients, specifically for individuals with AD. We review evidence on topical formulations of vitamins (A, B, C, D, and E) and trace minerals (magnesium, manganese, zinc, and iodine) for treatment of AD. While topical B, C, and E formulations appear to provide some benefit to AD individuals, topical vitamin A has no utility, and topical vitamin D may exacerbate symptoms. Magnesium, zinc, and iodine all appear to improve AD through anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects, though future studies must evaluate their use as monotherapy. The exposition of the effects that topical micronutrients have on AD offers an adjuvant treatment modality for this common inflammatory dermatosis.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Ascorbic Acid; Dermatitis, Atopic; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Magnesium; Manganese; Trace Elements; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamins; Zinc
PubMed: 30019437
DOI: 10.1111/dth.12659 -
Free Radical Biology & Medicine Jul 2021Iron is an essential micronutrient metal for cellular functions but can generate highly reactive oxygen species resulting in oxidative damage. For these reasons its...
Iron is an essential micronutrient metal for cellular functions but can generate highly reactive oxygen species resulting in oxidative damage. For these reasons its uptake and metabolism is highly regulated. A small but dynamic fraction of ferrous iron inside the cell, termed intracellular labile iron, is redox-reactive and ready to participate multiples reactions of intracellular enzymes. Due to its nature its determination and precise quantification has been a roadblock. However, recent progress in the development of intracellular labile iron probes are allowing the reevaluation of our current understanding and unmasking new functions. The role of intracellular labile iron in regulating the epigenome was recently discovered. This chapter examine how intracellular labile iron can modulate histone and DNA demethylation and how its pool can mediate a signaling pathway from cAMP serving as a sensor of the metabolic needs of the cells.
Topics: Biological Transport; Epigenomics; Iron; Signal Transduction; Trace Elements
PubMed: 33493555
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.026 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Dec 2023Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of chronic intestinal failure. The duration of parenteral support (PS) and the long-term micronutrient needs in children...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of chronic intestinal failure. The duration of parenteral support (PS) and the long-term micronutrient needs in children with SBS vary, based on their clinical and anatomical characteristics. Our study aimed to review the clinical course and identify high risk patient groups for prolonged PS and long-term micronutrient supplementation.
METHODS
A retrospective review was conducted on electronic medical records of children with SBS and chronic intestinal failure who were enrolled in the multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation program at Manchester Children's Hospital, UK. Children were included in the review if they required PN for more than 60 days out of 74 consecutive days and had at least 3 years of follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0.
RESULTS
40 children with SBS achieved enteral autonomy (EA) and 14 remained dependent on PS after 36 months of follow up. Necrotizing enterocolitis was the most common cause for intestinal resection (38.9%) followed by gastroschisis (22.2%), malrotation with volvulus (20.4%), segmental volvulus (9.3%) and long segment Hirschsprung disease (1.9%). Those who achieved EA had significantly longer intestinal length 27.5% (15.0-39.3) than those who remained on PS 6.0% (1.5-12.5) (p < 0.001). Type I SBS was only found in the PS cohort. Median PN dependence was 10.82 months [IQR 5.73-20.78]. Congenital diagnosis was associated with longer PN dependence (21.0 ± 20.0) than acquired (8.7 ± 7.8 months), (p = 0.02). The need for micronutrient supplementation was assessed after the transition to EA; 87.5% children had at least one micronutrient depletion, most commonly Vitamin D (64.1%), followed by iron (48.7%), Vitamin B12 (34.2%), and vitamin E (28.6%). Iron deficiency and vitamin A depletion were correlated with longer PS after multivariate analysis (OR: 1.103, 1.006-1.210, p = 0.037 and OR: 1.048, 0.998-1.102, p = 0.062 respectively).
CONCLUSION
In our cohort, small bowel length was the main predictor for EA. Children on longer PS, had more often a congenital cause of resection and were at risk for micronutrient deficiencies in EA.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Failure; Intestinal Volvulus; Micronutrients; Retrospective Studies; Short Bowel Syndrome; Trace Elements; Parenteral Nutrition
PubMed: 38057017
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.10.008 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Dec 2022Multiple micronutrient deficiencies are widespread in Ethiopia. However, the distribution of Se and Zn deficiency risks has previously shown evidence of spatially...
Multiple micronutrient deficiencies are widespread in Ethiopia. However, the distribution of Se and Zn deficiency risks has previously shown evidence of spatially dependent variability, warranting the need to explore this aspect for wider micronutrients. Here, blood serum concentrations for Ca, Mg, Co, Cu and Mo were measured ( 3102) on samples from the Ethiopian National Micronutrient Survey. Geostatistical modelling was used to test spatial variation of these micronutrients for women of reproductive age, who represent the largest demographic group surveyed ( 1290). Median serum concentrations were 8·6 mg dl for Ca, 1·9 mg dl for Mg, 0·4 µg l for Co, 98·8 µg dl for Cu and 0·2 µg dl for Mo. The prevalence of Ca, Mg and Co deficiency was 41·6 %, 29·2 % and 15·9 %, respectively; Cu and Mo deficiency prevalence was 7·6 % and 0·3 %, respectively. A higher prevalence of Ca, Cu and Mo deficiency was observed in north western, Co deficiency in central and Mg deficiency in north eastern parts of Ethiopia. Serum Ca, Mg and Mo concentrations show spatial dependencies up to 140-500 km; however, there was no evidence of spatial correlations for serum Co and Cu concentrations. These new data indicate the scale of multiple mineral micronutrient deficiency in Ethiopia and the geographical differences in the prevalence of deficiencies suggesting the need to consider targeted responses during the planning of nutrition intervention programmes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Micronutrients; Trace Elements; Minerals; Malnutrition; Ethiopia; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 35109956
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522000319 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Growing evidence suggests that micronutrient status may have some impact on the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, micronutrient deficiencies are... (Review)
Review
Growing evidence suggests that micronutrient status may have some impact on the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, micronutrient deficiencies are easily overlooked during the treatment of IBD patients. There have been many studies on micronutrient supplementation, in which several clinical trials have been conducted targeting vitamin D and iron, but the current research is still preliminary for other vitamins and minerals. This review provides an overview of the adjunctive therapeutic effects of micronutrient supplementation in IBD, to summarize the available evidence, draw the attention of clinicians to micronutrient monitoring and supplementation in patients with IBD, and also provide some perspectives for future research directions.
Topics: Humans; Vitamins; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Micronutrients; Trace Elements; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37077923
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1143123 -
Nutrition Research Reviews Dec 2018Dietary deficiencies in Fe and Zn are globally widespread, causing serious health problems such as anaemia, poor pregnancy outcomes, increased risk of morbidity and... (Review)
Review
Dietary deficiencies in Fe and Zn are globally widespread, causing serious health problems such as anaemia, poor pregnancy outcomes, increased risk of morbidity and mortality, stunted growth and impaired physical and cognitive development. Edible insects, of which a diversity of over 2000 species is available, are dietary components for about 2 billion individuals and are a valuable source of animal protein. In the present paper, we review the available information on Fe and Zn in edible insects and their potential as a source of these micronutrients for the rapidly growing human population. The levels of Fe and Zn present in eleven edible insect species that are mass-reared and six species that are collected from nature are similar to or higher than in other animal-based food sources. High protein levels in edible insect species are associated with high Fe and Zn levels. Fe and Zn levels are significantly positively correlated. Biochemically, Fe and Zn in insects occur predominantly in non-haem forms, bound to the proteins ferritin, transferrin and other transport and storage proteins. Knowledge gaps exist for bioavailability in the human alimentary tract, the effect of anti-nutritional factors in other dietary components such as grains on Fe and Zn absorption and the effect of food preparation methods. We conclude that edible insects present unique opportunities for improving the micronutrient status of both resource-poor and Western populations.
Topics: Animals; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Female; Humans; Insecta; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Trace Elements; Zinc
PubMed: 30033906
DOI: 10.1017/S0954422418000094