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Toxicologic Pathology Jun 2021The 2019 manuscript by the Special Interest Group on Digital Pathology and Image Analysis of the Society of Toxicologic pathology suggested that a synergism between... (Review)
Review
The 2019 manuscript by the Special Interest Group on Digital Pathology and Image Analysis of the Society of Toxicologic pathology suggested that a synergism between artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies and digital toxicologic pathology would improve the daily workflow and future impact of toxicologic pathologists globally. Now 2 years later, the authors of this review consider whether, in their opinion, there is any evidence that supports that thesis. Specifically, we consider the opportunities and challenges for applying ML (the study of computer algorithms that are able to learn from example data and extrapolate the learned information to unseen data) algorithms in toxicologic pathology and how regulatory bodies are navigating this rapidly evolving field. Although we see similarities with the "Last Mile" metaphor, the weight of evidence suggests that toxicologic pathologists should approach ML with an equal dose of skepticism and enthusiasm. There are increasing opportunities for impact in our field that leave the authors cautiously excited and optimistic. Toxicologic pathologists have the opportunity to critically evaluate ML applications with a "call-to-arms" mentality. Why should we be late adopters? There is ample evidence to encourage engagement, growth, and leadership in this field.
Topics: Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Machine Learning; Pathology
PubMed: 33590805
DOI: 10.1177/0192623321990375 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2020This study examined a large dataset of ultra-cycling race results to investigate the sex difference in ultra-cycling performance (100 to 500 miles) according to age and...
This study examined a large dataset of ultra-cycling race results to investigate the sex difference in ultra-cycling performance (100 to 500 miles) according to age and race distance. Data from the time period 1996-2018 were obtained from online available database of the ultra-cycling marathon association (UMCA), including distance-limited ultra-cycling races (100, 200, 400, and 500 miles). A total of 12,716 race results were analyzed to compare the performance between men and women by calendar year, age group (18-34, 35-44, 45-59, and 60+ years), and race distance. Men were faster than women in 100 and 200 mile races, but no sex differences were identified for the 400 and 500 mile races. The performance ratio (average cycling speed/average cycling speed) was smaller in the 200 mile races compared to the 100 mile races and remained stable in the 400 and 500 mile races. In all race distances, the difference in average cycling speed between women and men decreased with increasing age. The gender gap in performance was closed in several distance-limited ultra-cycling races, such as the 400 and 500 mile races.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Athletic Performance; Bicycling; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Endurance; Sex Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32272640
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072521 -
Nature Methods Apr 2023
Topics: Genomic Structural Variation; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 36959321
DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01767-5 -
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2017There is an old saying that you must walk a mile in someone's shoes to truly understand them. This mini-review will synthesize and discuss recent research that attempts... (Review)
Review
There is an old saying that you must walk a mile in someone's shoes to truly understand them. This mini-review will synthesize and discuss recent research that attempts to make humans "walk a mile" in an artificial musculoskeletal system to gain insight into the principles governing human movement control. In this approach, electromyography (EMG) is used to sample human motor commands; these commands serve as inputs to mathematical models of muscular dynamics, which in turn act on a model of skeletal dynamics to produce a simulated motor action in real-time (i.e., the model's state is updated fast enough produce smooth motion without noticeable transitions; Manal et al., 2002). In this mini-review, these are termed myoelectric musculoskeletal models (MMMs). After a brief overview of typical MMM design and operation principles, the review will highlight how MMMs have been used for understanding human sensorimotor control and learning by evoking apparent alterations in a user's biomechanics, neural control, and sensory feedback experiences.
PubMed: 29176944
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00531 -
JAMA Jul 2018
Topics: Chromosome Aberrations; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Motivation; Physicians; Professional-Family Relations; Prognosis; Quality of Health Care; Relative Value Scales
PubMed: 29971401
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.8191 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Jul 2018
Topics: Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Water
PubMed: 29572026
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.02.050 -
Ecology and Evolution Nov 2021The ecotype population of goats () was created by long-term artificial selection and natural adaptation. Mile red-bone goat is an indigenous breed with visible red...
The ecotype population of goats () was created by long-term artificial selection and natural adaptation. Mile red-bone goat is an indigenous breed with visible red bones, and its special bone structure has received extensive attention. This study aimed to identify genetic variants and candidate genes associated with specific bone phenotypes using next-generation sequencing technology (NGS). The results revealed that 31,828,206 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained from 72 goats (20 Mile red-bone goats and 52 common goats) by NGS. A total of 100 candidate genes were identified on the basis top 1% window interaction from nucleotide diversity (), ratio ( / ), and pairwise fixation index ( ). Exactly 77 known signaling pathways were enriched. Specifically, three coding genes (, , and ) were annotated in the vitamin metabolism signaling pathways, and was annotated to the osteoclast (OC) differentiation pathway. Furthermore, 5862 reliable copy number variations (CNVs) were obtained, and 14 and 24 genes were annotated with the top 1‰ CNV based on (>0.490) and (>0.527), respectively. Several pathways related to bone development and metabolism of exogenous substances in vivo, including calcium signaling pathway, OC differentiation, and glycerophospholipid metabolism, were annotated. Specifically, six genes from 19 candidate CNVs, which were obtained by interaction of the top 1‰ CNVs with and , were annotated to mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. Briefly, the results implied that pseudopurpurin and specific genetic variants work together to contribute to the red-bone color and specific bone structure of Mile red-bone goat. This study is helpful to understanding the genetic basis of the unique bone phenotype of Mile red-bone goats.
PubMed: 34765142
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8165 -
Transportation Research. Part E,... Apr 2023The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant breakdown of the traditional retail sector resulting in an unprecedented surge in e-commerce demand for the delivery of...
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant breakdown of the traditional retail sector resulting in an unprecedented surge in e-commerce demand for the delivery of essential goods. Consequently, the pandemic raised concerns pertaining to e-retailers' ability to maintain and efficiently restore level of service in the event of such low-probability high-severity market disruptions. Thus, considering e-retailers' role in the supply of essential goods, this study assesses the resilience of last-mile distribution operations under disruptions by integrating a Continuous Approximation (CA) based last-mile distribution model, the resilience triangle concept, and the Robustness, Redundancy, Resourcefulness, and Rapidity (R4) resilience framework. The proposed R4 Last Mile Distribution Resilience Triangle Framework is a novel performance-based qualitative-cum-quantitative domain-agnostic framework. Through a set of empirical analyses, this study highlights the opportunities and challenges of different distribution/outsourcing strategies to cope with disruption. In particular, the authors analyzed the use of an independent crowdsourced fleet (flexible service contingent on driver availability); the use of collection-point pickup (unconstrained downstream capacity contingent on customer willingness to self-collect); and integration with a logistics service provider (reliable service with high distribution costs). Overall, this work recommends the e-retailers to create a suitable platform to ensure reliable crowdsourced deliveries, position sufficient collection-points to ensure customer willingness to self-collect, and negotiate contracts with several logistics service providers to ensure adequate backup distribution.
PubMed: 36844256
DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2023.103066 -
Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial... Mar 2020
Review
Topics: Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Skin; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 32008708
DOI: 10.1016/j.cxom.2019.11.004 -
Annals of Emergency Medicine May 2021We evaluate the association between living near a neighborhood shooting and emergency department (ED) utilization for stress-responsive complaints.
STUDY OBJECTIVE
We evaluate the association between living near a neighborhood shooting and emergency department (ED) utilization for stress-responsive complaints.
METHODS
In this location-based before-and-after neighborhood study, we examined variability in ED encounter volume for stress-responsive complaints after neighborhood shooting incidents around 2 academic hospitals. We included patients residing within 1/8- and 1/2-mile-diameter buffers around a shooting (place) if their ED encounter occurred 7, 30, or 60 days before or after the shooting (time). Prespecified outcomes were stress-responsive complaints (chest pain, lightheadedness, syncope, hypertension, shortness of breath, asthma, anxiety, depression, and substance use) based on prior literature for stress-responsive diseases. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of presentation to the ED with a stress-responsive complaint after, compared with before, a neighborhood shooting incident.
RESULTS
Between January 2013 and December 2014, 513 shooting incidents and 19,906 encounters for stress-responsive complaints were included in the analysis. Mean age was 50.3 years (SD 22.3 years), 61.5% were women, and 91% were black. We found increased odds of presenting with syncope in 2 place-time buffers: 30 days in the 1/8-mile buffer (odds ratio 2.61; 99% confidence interval 1.2 to 5.67) and 60 days in 1/8-mile buffer (odds ratio 1.56; 99% confidence interval 0.99 to 2.46). No other chief complaints met our statistical threshold for significance.
CONCLUSION
This study evaluated the relationship between objectively measured gun violence exposure and short-term health effect at a microspatial scale. Overall, this was a study with largely negative results, and we did not find any consistent dose-response pattern in time or space regarding neighborhood shootings and stress-responsive presentations to the ED. Theoretic links make this relationship plausible, however, and further investigation is needed to understand the short-term health consequences of violence exposure, and whether those vary based on the circumstances that are experienced inherently by residents of a given neighborhood.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Gun Violence; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Philadelphia; Psychological Distress; Residence Characteristics
PubMed: 33342597
DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.10.014