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Journal of Global Oncology Sep 2018The growing cancer epidemic is a major public health challenge globally but especially in low- and middle-income countries where patients often have to make long and... (Review)
Review
The growing cancer epidemic is a major public health challenge globally but especially in low- and middle-income countries where patients often have to make long and complex journeys to receive care. Extending cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment to low- and middle-income countries through innovative solutions such as digital health systems is an urgent health priority. We contend that such digital systems will achieve success and scale only when existing gaps in cancer care and control policies and practices are addressed to strengthen health systems and improve outcomes. We call for concerted action to focus on the effective implementation of cancer care and control policies and practice in last-mile settings to improve pathways to care for people with and at risk for cancer.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Neoplasms; Public Health; Quality Improvement; Quality of Health Care; Telemedicine
PubMed: 30241157
DOI: 10.1200/JGO.2016.007179 -
BMC Sports Science, Medicine &... 2015Ice swimming for 1 mile and 1 km is a new discipline in open-water swimming since 2009. This study examined female and male performances in swimming 1 mile ('Ice Mile')...
BACKGROUND
Ice swimming for 1 mile and 1 km is a new discipline in open-water swimming since 2009. This study examined female and male performances in swimming 1 mile ('Ice Mile') and 1 km ('1 km Ice event') in water of 5 °C or colder between 2009 and 2015 with the hypothesis that women would be faster than men.
METHODS
Between 2009 and 2015, 113 men and 38 women completed one 'Ice Mile' and 26 men and 13 completed one '1 km Ice event' in water colder than +5 °C following the rules of International Ice Swimming Association (IISA). Differences in performance between women and men were determined. Sex difference (%) was calculated using the equation ([time for women] - [time for men]/[time for men] × 100). For 'Ice Mile', a mixed-effects regression model with interaction analyses was used to investigate the influence of sex and environmental conditions on swimming speed. The association between water temperature and swimming speed was assessed using Pearson correlation analyses.
RESULTS
For 'Ice Mile' and '1 km Ice event', the best men were faster than the best women. In 'Ice Mile', calendar year, number of attempts, water temperature and wind chill showed no association with swimming speed for both women and men. For both women and men, water temperature was not correlated to swimming speed in both 'Ice Mile' and '1 km Ice event'.
CONCLUSIONS
In water colder than 5 °C, men were faster than women in 'Ice Mile' and '1 km Ice event'. Water temperature showed no correlation to swimming speed.
PubMed: 26339489
DOI: 10.1186/s13102-015-0014-9 -
The Science of the Total Environment May 2023Oil spills from pipeline accidents, caused by either material degradation or improper operation, can result in long-lasting environmental damage to soil and water....
Oil spills from pipeline accidents, caused by either material degradation or improper operation, can result in long-lasting environmental damage to soil and water. Assessing the potential environmental risks of these accidents is crucial for effective pipeline integrity management. This study calculates the accident rate using Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) data and estimates the environmental risk of pipeline accidents by factoring in the cost of environmental remediation. Results show that crude oil pipelines in Michigan pose the highest environmental risk, while Texas has the highest environmental risk for product oil pipelines. On average, crude oil pipelines have a higher environmental risk (56,533.6 US dollars·times·mile·year) compared to product oil pipelines (13,395.6 US dollars·times·mile·year). Factors affecting pipeline integrity management are also analyzed, including diameter, diameter-thickness ratio, and design pressure. The study finds that larger pipelines with higher pressures receive more attention during maintenance and thus pose a lower environmental risk. Furthermore, underground pipelines pose a much higher environmental risk than pipelines in other environments, and pipelines are more vulnerable in the early and mid-stages of operation. The leading causes of environmental risk in pipeline accidents are material failure, corrosion, and equipment failure. By comparing environmental risks, managers can better understand the strengths and weaknesses of their integrity management efforts.
PubMed: 36863588
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162386 -
The Journal of Sports Medicine and... Nov 2019Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important aspect of the overall health of an individual and its monitoring must be promoted in the general population. Thus, the...
BACKGROUND
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important aspect of the overall health of an individual and its monitoring must be promoted in the general population. Thus, the aim of the study was to cross-validate and improve CRF estimation based on quarter-mile Rockport Fitness Walking Test.
METHODS
Thirty participants (31.4±7.99 years) were randomized in either a four-week aerobic training group (10 men and 10 women) or a control group (eight men and two women). CRF was assessed via VO2max test and estimated via quarter-mile Rockport Fitness and Ebbeling treadmill tests, before and after the training intervention. The original quarter-mile Rockport VO2max estimation was found to greatly overestimate CRF by 22 mL/kg/min. When its coefficient was updated according to our data, it largely improved (by 6.8 mL/kg/min). Furthermore, a new algorithm for predicting VO2max was designed using multi-linear regression analysis.
RESULTS
The original quarter-mile Rockport Fitness Walking Test was not sensitive to CRF changes. It showed changes in VO2max, which were significantly different from the actual observed changes (-1.1±4.08 vs. 1.61±2.84, P=0.02, respectively). The Ebbeling treadmill test appeared to systematically overestimate CRF changes. Our new algorithm showed improved sensitivity for detecting CRF changes and stability.
CONCLUSIONS
The original quarter-mile Rockport Fitness Walking Test equation for predicting VO2max was neither accurate nor sensitive to changes in CRF, most likely due to cardiovascular drift. Our new algorithm, based on the same brisk walking test, can provide a more accurate estimate of CRF, which is also sensitive to VO2max changes, in a broad age range (18 to 50 years).
Topics: Adult; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Exercise; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Male; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Fitness; Walk Test; Walking; Young Adult
PubMed: 31215197
DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.19.09445-3 -
Open Heart Mar 2022Decreased proximal aortic distensibility (AD) is known to significantly predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events among individuals without overt...
OBJECTIVE
Decreased proximal aortic distensibility (AD) is known to significantly predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events among individuals without overt cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study investigated the association of endurance training (ET) parameters, namely, ET starting age, ET years and yearly ET volume with AD in non-elite endurance athletes.
METHODS
Healthy, normotensive, male Caucasian participants of a 10-mile race were assessed with a 2D echocardiogram and comprehensive interview. Ascending aortic diameters were measured simultaneously with pulse pressure. Aortic strain, AD and aortic stiffness index were calculated. Predictors of AD were investigated among training parameters by linear regression models corrected for age, resting heart rate, stroke volume index and mean blood pressure.
RESULTS
Ninety-two of 121 athletes (aged 42±8 years) had sufficient echocardiogram quality and were used for analysis. ET starting age (range 6-52 years) and years of ET (range 2-46 years) were highly collinear and used in two separate models for AD. Significant factors for AD were ET starting age, 10-mile race time and resting heart rate in model I, and age, years of ET, 10-mile race time and heart rate in model II (all p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
In our cohort of healthy, non-elite, middle-aged runners, AD was significantly higher in athletes with younger ET starting age or more years of ET (in the model adjusted for confounders). In the model with years of ET, age had a negative contribution to AD, suggesting that with older age, the benefit of more years of ET on AD decreased. Future studies assessing the effect of exercise training on arterial properties should include training starting age.
Topics: Aorta; Athletes; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Echocardiography; Endurance Training; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 35264414
DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001771 -
PloS One 2016The main purpose of the present meta-analysis was to examine the criterion-related validity of the distance- and time-based walk/run tests for estimating... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
The main purpose of the present meta-analysis was to examine the criterion-related validity of the distance- and time-based walk/run tests for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness among apparently healthy children and adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Relevant studies were searched from seven electronic bibliographic databases up to August 2015 and through other sources. The Hunter-Schmidt's psychometric meta-analysis approach was conducted to estimate the population criterion-related validity of the following walk/run tests: 5,000 m, 3 miles, 2 miles, 3,000 m, 1.5 miles, 1 mile, 1,000 m, ½ mile, 600 m, 600 yd, ¼ mile, 15 min, 12 min, 9 min, and 6 min.
RESULTS
From the 123 included studies, a total of 200 correlation values were analyzed. The overall results showed that the criterion-related validity of the walk/run tests for estimating maximum oxygen uptake ranged from low to moderate (rp = 0.42-0.79), with the 1.5 mile (rp = 0.79, 0.73-0.85) and 12 min walk/run tests (rp = 0.78, 0.72-0.83) having the higher criterion-related validity for distance- and time-based field tests, respectively. The present meta-analysis also showed that sex, age and maximum oxygen uptake level do not seem to affect the criterion-related validity of the walk/run tests.
CONCLUSIONS
When the evaluation of an individual's maximum oxygen uptake attained during a laboratory test is not feasible, the 1.5 mile and 12 min walk/run tests represent useful alternatives for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness. As in the assessment with any physical fitness field test, evaluators must be aware that the performance score of the walk/run field tests is simply an estimation and not a direct measure of cardiorespiratory fitness.
Topics: Adult; Child; Exercise Test; Health Status; Humans; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Fitness; Running; Walking
PubMed: 26987118
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151671 -
Circulation. Cardiovascular... Jul 2022
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Humans; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Risk Factors; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35861801
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.122.012262 -
Journal of Transport Geography Dec 2021The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the growth of e-commerce and home deliveries. Automated parcel lockers are a way to improve delivery efficiency, but...
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the growth of e-commerce and home deliveries. Automated parcel lockers are a way to improve delivery efficiency, but despite their rapid growth, little is known about their accessibility and equity impacts. Among e-commerce players in the U.S., Amazon stands out by its large market share. This research studies the location of Amazon lockers in Portland, Oregon utilizing highway, land use, employment, and sociodemographic datasets. Geographical tools and cluster analysis are utilized to estimate accessibility and equity metrics. Lockers tend to be located in mixed-use areas and can be utilized by a large percentage of the population. However, the equity metrics indicate that the current distribution of lockers could be improved to reach traditionally underserved populations. Given the environmental and economic advantages of lockers, policymakers should encourage the expansion of this type of last mile solution to avoid market failures in areas that are currently underserved.
PubMed: 36569780
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103212 -
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs Nov 2021Rideshare companies such as Uber and Lyft have substantially changed transportation markets in the United States and globally. The aim of this study was to examine...
OBJECTIVE
Rideshare companies such as Uber and Lyft have substantially changed transportation markets in the United States and globally. The aim of this study was to examine whether ridesharing is associated with reductions in alcohol-involved crashes.
METHOD
This case-series study used highly spatially and temporally resolved trip-level rideshare data and motor vehicle crash data from the Chicago Data Portal from November 2018 to December 2019. The units of analysis were motor vehicle crashes in Chicago. Events of interest were 962 crashes that police indicated were alcohol involved. The comparison group was 962 non-alcohol-involved crashes that occurred in the same census tract, matched 1:1. The exposure of interest was the density per square mile of rideshare trips that were in progress at the time of the crash, calculated using a kernel density function around the estimated route paths of active trips. A conditional logistic regression compared alcohol involvement to rideshare trip density while adjusting for matching and relevant time-varying covariates (taxi trips, precipitation, temperature, holidays).
RESULTS
Mean rideshare trip density was 69.0 per square mile ( = 129.7) at the time and location of alcohol-involved crashes and 105.7 per square mile ( = 192.6) at the time and location of non-alcohol-involved crashes. After controlling for covariates, the conditional logistic regression model identified that a standard deviation increase in rideshare trips per square mile at the crash location was associated with 23% decreased odds that the crash location was alcohol involved (odds ratio = 0.771; 95% confidence interval [0.594, 0.878]).
CONCLUSIONS
Ridesharing may replace motor vehicle trips by alcohol-impaired drivers.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Chicago; Humans; Logistic Models; Motor Vehicles; United States
PubMed: 34762031
DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.720 -
Nursing Feb 2015
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Career Mobility; Employment; Humans; Motivation; Nursing Staff; Reward; Staff Development
PubMed: 25565109
DOI: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000459805.56076.b9