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Frontiers in Public Health 2022Mindfulness and self-care, practiced through a variety of methods like meditation and exercise, can improve overall sense of holistic well-being (i.e., flourishing)....
BACKGROUND
Mindfulness and self-care, practiced through a variety of methods like meditation and exercise, can improve overall sense of holistic well-being (i.e., flourishing). Increasing mindfulness and self-care may lead to increased flourishing and job satisfaction among the nation-wide Cooperative Extension system delivery personnel (agents) through a theory-based online program and an extended experiential program.
METHODS
Cooperative Extension agents from two states were invited to participate in MUSCLE statewide listservs. Participants were invited to attend sessions and complete competency checks and between-session assignments each week. The study was conducted using Zoom. Pre- and post- program surveys included validated scales for flourishing and physical activity status. Due to high demand for mindfulness programing during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, experiential "Mindful Meet-up" 30-minute sessions were held on Zoom. Dissemination and implementation of the two differing interventions (i.e., MUSCLE and Mindful Meet-ups) were examined.
RESULTS
MUSCLE (more intensive program with assignments and competency checks) had lower reach, and did not show statistically increased flourishing or physical activity. Mindful Meet-ups had higher attendance and proportional reach during the beginning of the pandemic, but no practical measure of flourishing or physical activity behaviors. Unsolicited qualitative feedback was encouraging because the interventions were well-received and participants felt as though they were more mindful.
CONCLUSIONS
While agents anecdotally reported personal improvements, capturing data on outcomes was challenging. Complementing outcome data with implementation and dissemination outcomes allowed for a richer picture to inform intervention decision-making (i.e., offering the same or new programming depending on participant needs).
Topics: COVID-19; Health Educators; Humans; Mindfulness; Pandemics; Self Care
PubMed: 35646779
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.862366 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jun 2015
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Psychiatry; Child; Child Psychiatry; Humans; Mindfulness
PubMed: 26004656
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.03.006 -
Journal of Psychiatric and Mental... Feb 2017WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Psychosis and the more specific diagnosis of schizophrenia constitute a major psychiatric disorder which impacts heavily on the... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Psychosis and the more specific diagnosis of schizophrenia constitute a major psychiatric disorder which impacts heavily on the self-esteem, functioning and quality of life of those affected. A number of mindfulness therapies have been developed in recent years, showing promising results when used with people with the disorder. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This review of the literature included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs), rather than other typically less robust methods of research (e.g. case studies, noncontrolled studies). WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: We concluded that mindfulness therapies can be safely used with people with psychosis and that they provide a number of therapeutic benefits compared with routine care and, in some cases, other interventions. Larger, methodologically improved trials are now recommended to evaluate the benefits of mindfulness therapies further.
ABSTRACT
Introduction A growing number of mindfulness interventions are being used with individuals with psychosis. These therapies employ elements of acceptance and compassion in addition to mindfulness. A number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of these interventions have emerged in recent years, but no review of these latest trials exists. Question 'For individuals with psychosis, are mindfulness interventions more effective than treatment as usual or an alternative intervention, in improving patient-related outcomes as demonstrated in RCTs?' Method We undertook a systematic review of randomized controlled studies of mindfulness interventions for psychosis and schizophrenia (MIps). Studies were identified by searching the databases Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Allied and Complementary Medicine. Findings The review identified 11 RCTs investigating eight mindfulness interventions. Significant improvements were reported on a number of measures, although gains were mostly smaller in trials employing well-designed controls and where assessors were blind to treatment allocation. There was considerable heterogeneity amongst trials in the diversity of treatments reviewed and the range of outcomes assessed. Implications for Practice The findings suggest MIps are feasible for individuals with psychosis and provide a number of significant benefits over routine care and, in some cases, other interventions.
Topics: Humans; Mindfulness; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 27928859
DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12357 -
Aging & Mental Health Jul 2021Empirical research on the processes through which mindfulness affects well-being is in its infancy. Furthermore, few studies have considered the positive effects of...
OBJECTIVES
Empirical research on the processes through which mindfulness affects well-being is in its infancy. Furthermore, few studies have considered the positive effects of mindfulness on psychological functioning from a lifespan perspective. The present study aimed to examine the role of age in moderating associations of mindfulness components with well-being in the context of a proposed model of mindfulness.
METHODS
A community-based sample of 623 participants aged between 18 and 86 years ( = 48.78, = 16.74) was recruited via an internet-based research platform. Participants completed questionnaire measures of mindful characteristics (i.e. present-moment attention, nonjudgment, interoception, acceptance, nonattachment, and decentering), flexible goal adjustment, and well-being.
RESULTS
Parallel mediation analyses showed that both present-moment attention and nonjudgment provided significant pathways to (a) flexible goal adjustment through nonattachment and decentering; and (b) well-being through acceptance, nonattachment, and decentering. Furthermore, present-moment attention, nonjudgment, acceptance, nonattachment, and decentering were all positively associated with age. Conditional process analyses revealed that the direct relationships between (1) present-moment attention and well-being, (2) nonjudgment and well-being, and (3) decentering and flexible goal adjustment became stronger with age and were significant for adults from around 40 years of age and older.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that the tendency to focus on the present-moment and adopt a nonjudgmental orientation may become especially important for well-being with advancing age, and the ability to appreciate the transitory nature of personal experiences may be particularly important for flexible employment of both goal disengagement and reengagement strategies across the second half of life.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Attention; Humans; Mindfulness; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32114803
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1734915 -
Aging & Mental Health Feb 2023Worry has been shown to have a negative impact on many aspects of neurocognitive performance. Interestingly, research indicates mindfulness both improves aspects of...
Worry has been shown to have a negative impact on many aspects of neurocognitive performance. Interestingly, research indicates mindfulness both improves aspects of cognitive ability and reduces worry symptoms. Yet, the impact of mindfulness on the relationship between worry and cognition has yet to be explored. Based on research discussed herein, we hypothesize that those with higher levels of dispositional mindfulness will have better cognitive performance than those with lower levels of dispositional mindfulness, regardless of worry level. The present study investigated the potential moderating influence of mindfulness on the relationship between worry and cognitive performance. The sample included 113 older veterans who were screened at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System in Palo Alto, CA. Cognitive domains of interest included learning and memory, processing speed, attention, working memory, and executive function. Mindfulness was assessed with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and worry symptoms were assessed using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Hypotheses were tested with multiple regression analyses using the Hayes (2003) PROCESS macro. Contrary to what was hypothesized, only mindful awareness significantly moderated the relationship between worry and processing speed. This finding has important implications for introducing mindfulness techniques into older adults' routines to decrease worry and mitigate its negative effects on processing speed.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Mindfulness; Anxiety; Cognition; Attention; Executive Function
PubMed: 35006021
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.2017851 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Aug 2019The development and implementation of psychometrically sound behavioral measures of mindfulness are important to advancing the science of mindfulness. To help organize,... (Review)
Review
The development and implementation of psychometrically sound behavioral measures of mindfulness are important to advancing the science of mindfulness. To help organize, conceptualize, and guide the development of behavioral measures of mindfulness, we propose defining features, and a four-domain framework, of the behavioral assessment of mindfulness. The framework domains include measurement of (I) objects of mindful awareness, (II) time-course of mindful awareness, (III) sensitivity of mindful awareness, and (IV) attitudes toward present moment experience. We describe mindfulness processes in each domain, and review extant behavioral method(s) and specific behavioral measure(s) of mindfulness processes per domain. Four of the 12 reviewed measures demonstrate acceptable reliabilities and preliminary evidence of construct validity as measures of mindfulness processes.
Topics: Awareness; Humans; Mindfulness; Psychometrics
PubMed: 30959378
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.01.008 -
Personality and Mental Health Nov 2023Resilience is a positive psychological resource that promotes health. Trait mindfulness was found to be related to resilience. However, previous studies on this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Resilience is a positive psychological resource that promotes health. Trait mindfulness was found to be related to resilience. However, previous studies on this relationship have shown contradictory results. The current meta-analysis explored the relationship between trait mindfulness and resilience based on a three-level random-effects meta-analysis model. A significant and positive relationship between trait mindfulness and resilience (r = 0.385; p < 0.0001) was revealed by analyzing 197 effect sizes from 103 studies. Furthermore, the subsequent moderator analysis found that the facet of mindfulness (e.g., awareness, nonjudging) (F = 6.181; p < 0.001), measurement of mindfulness (e.g., the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale) (F = 4.758; p < 0.001), aspect of resilience (e.g., family resilience) (F = 3.455; p < 0.05), measurement of resilience (e.g., the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale) (F = 2.256; p < 0.05), and age (F = 4.588; p < 0.05) acted as significant moderators. Overall, this study confirmed the positive relationship between trait mindfulness and resilience, suggesting that people with higher levels of trait mindfulness were more likely to have higher levels of resilience. The current findings provided insightful information for interventions targeted at improving resilience.
Topics: Humans; Mindfulness; Family Health; Resilience, Psychological; Attention
PubMed: 36958861
DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1581 -
Journal of Evidence-based Complementary... Jan 2017Online training is feasible, but the impact of brief mindfulness training on health professionals needs to be better understood.
BACKGROUND
Online training is feasible, but the impact of brief mindfulness training on health professionals needs to be better understood.
METHODS
We analyzed data from health professionals and trainees who completed self-reflection exercises embedded in online mindfulness training between May 2014 and September, 2015; their changes in mindfulness were measured using standardized scales.
RESULTS
Participants included nurses (34%), physicians (24%), social workers and psychologists (10%), dietitians (8%), and others (25%); 85% were women, and 20% were trainees. The most popular module was Introduction to Mindfulness (n = 161), followed by Mindfulness in Daily Life (n = 146), and Mindful Breathing and Walking (n = 129); most (68%) participants who took 1 module took all 3 modules. There were no differences in participation in any module by gender, trainee status, or profession. Completing modules was associated with small but significant improvements on the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (P < 0.001 for all).
CONCLUSION
Online training reaches diverse health professionals and is associated with immediate improvements in mindfulness. Additional research is warranted to compare the long-term cost-effectiveness of different doses of online and in-person mindfulness training on clinician burnout and quality of care.
Topics: Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Internet; Male; Meditation; Mindfulness; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 27002136
DOI: 10.1177/2156587216639199 -
Archives of Suicide Research : Official... 2022The objective of the current study was to investigate whether mindfulness and self-compassion are negatively associated with engagement in non-suicidal self-injury...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the current study was to investigate whether mindfulness and self-compassion are negatively associated with engagement in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and whether emotion dysregulation would mediate this relation.
METHOD
343 participants (82.2% female; = 23.98; = 7.47) were recruited from university and community settings, and completed online questionnaires. Two groups of participants were created: those with lifetime engagement in NSSI ( = 153) and a comparison group with no prior engagement in NSSI ( = 190).
RESULTS
First, two one-way MANOVAs revealed significant mean differences (NSSI/comparison) across the self-compassion dimensions and specific mindfulness facets. Second, logistic regressions revealed that the self-coldness dimension of self-compassion significantly predicted engagement in NSSI, and specific mindfulness facets (nonjudging and acting with awareness) were found to negatively predict NSSI engagement. Lastly, mediation analyses revealed that emotion dysregulation fully mediated the relationships between both mindfulness total and self-coldness, and NSSI group status.
CONCLUSION
The present study demonstrates preliminary support for the protective role of key mindfulness facets and potential risk of the self-coldness aspect of self-compassion in NSSI engagement. Implications for potential use of treatment protocols may include teaching key aspects of mindfulness and self-compassion as healthier and kinder alternatives to coping with dysregulated emotions.HighlightsMindfulness and self-compassion significantly differ between NSSI/comparison groupsKey mindfulness facets and self-compassion dimensions negatively predict engagement in NSSIEmotion dysregulation fully mediates self-coldness and mindfulness with NSSI group status.
Topics: Adult; Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Female; Humans; Male; Mindfulness; Self-Compassion; Self-Injurious Behavior; Young Adult
PubMed: 33596395
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.1885534 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Jul 2023Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most prevalent chronic complications of diabetes. One of its crucial therapy approaches is mind-body exercise....
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most prevalent chronic complications of diabetes. One of its crucial therapy approaches is mind-body exercise. Recently, various exercise modalities, including stepping, resistance, aerobics, balance, and whole-body vibration, were investigated to construct the most suitable form of exercise for patients with DPN. The purpose of this study is to describe a standard protocol for mindfulness training combined with Tai Chi. The convenience sampling method was used to select 90 patients with DPN who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from three communities. The three communities were randomly divided into the control group (CG), the Tai Chi group (TCG), and the mindfulness training combined with the Tai Chi group (MTCG). The CG was given routine health education guidance once a month, a total of three times. Based on the CG, the TCG practiced Tai Chi three times; the MTCG received mindfulness training combined with Tai Chi exercise a week for a total of 12 weeks. Before the intervention and 12 weeks after the intervention, the clinical symptoms, neurological function, attention awareness level, pain, and quality of life of the subjects were evaluated by Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Visual analog scale (VAS), Diabetes Specificity Quality of life Scale (DSQL) and tumor necrosis factor-α. Overall, the addition of mindfulness training to Tai Chi effectively enhances the exercise effects of Tai Chi. Therefore, mindfulness training combined with Tai Chi is worthy of promotion and application.
Topics: Humans; Tai Ji; Quality of Life; Diabetic Neuropathies; Mindfulness; Exercise; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37522720
DOI: 10.3791/65421