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Journal of Chromatography. A Apr 2021The determination of the level of mineral oil contamination in foods is a well-known problem. This class of contaminants is generally divided into mineral oil saturated...
The determination of the level of mineral oil contamination in foods is a well-known problem. This class of contaminants is generally divided into mineral oil saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons with different toxicological relevance and analytical challenges. Among the many challenges, data interpretation and integration represent an important source of uncertainty in the results provided by different laboratories leading to a variation evaluated on the order of 20%. The use of multidimensional comprehensive gas chromatography (GC × GC) has been proposed to support the data interpretation but the integration and the reliability of the results using this methodology has never been systematically evaluated. The aim of this work was to assess the integration and quantification performance of a two-dimensional (2D) software. The data were generated using a novel, completely automated platform, namely LC-GC × GC coupled to dual detectors, i.e., time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MS) and flame ionization detector (FID). From a systematic study of the failures of the two-dimensional quantification approach a novel solution was proposed for simplifying and automating the entire process. The novel algorithm was tested on ad hoc created samples (i.e. a paraffin mixture added of n-alkanes) and real-world samples proving the agreement of the results obtained by LC-GC × GC and the traditional mono-dimensional approach. Moreover, the benefits of using an entirely integrated platform were emphasized, particularly regarding the identity confirmation capability of the MS data, which can be easily translated into the 2D FID quantification feature.
Topics: Alkanes; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Liquid; Flame Ionization; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Mass Spectrometry; Mineral Oil; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 33744654
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462044 -
European Heart Journal Supplements :... Oct 2020Mineral oil is often used as a clinical trial placebo. Pharmaceutical-grade mineral oil consists of a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons, with a purity and chemical...
Mineral oil is often used as a clinical trial placebo. Pharmaceutical-grade mineral oil consists of a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons, with a purity and chemical structure that differs substantially from food-grade or technical-/industrial-grade mineral oils. Interest in mineral oil was piqued by suggestions that a portion of the substantially positive results of the Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT) might be attributable to the theoretical negative effects of mineral oil rather than being due to the clinical benefits of icosapent ethyl. The objective of this review was to explore possible mineral oil safety and efficacy effects and contextualize these findings in light of the REDUCE-IT conclusions. A literature search identified studies employing mineral oil placebos. Eighty studies were identified and relevant data extracted. Adverse events associated with mineral oil were generally gastrointestinal and consistent with use as a lubricant laxative. Changes in triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and other biomarkers were inconsistent and generally not statistically significant, or clinically meaningful with mineral oil, as were changes in blood pressure. There was no consistent evidence that mineral oil in the amounts used in the REDUCE-IT or Effect of Vascepa on Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients With Elevated Triglycerides on Statin Therapy (EVAPORATE) trials affects absorption of essential nutrients or drugs, including statins. These results were then considered alongside publicly available data from REDUCE-IT. Based on available evidence, mineral oil does not appear to impact medication absorption or efficacy, or related clinical outcomes, and, therefore, does not meaningfully affect study conclusions when used as a placebo at the quantities used in clinical trials.
PubMed: 33061866
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suaa117 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Oct 2022Inorganic elements in the environment and organisms play a vital role in environmental safety assessment and metallomics study. The environment-related samples,... (Review)
Review
Inorganic elements in the environment and organisms play a vital role in environmental safety assessment and metallomics study. The environment-related samples, including water, soil, air, food, energy oil, mineral, and waste are generally complex matrices due to the existence of organic and inorganic matter. Sample preparation is often fundamental prior to instrumental analysis. Therefore, sample preparation methods with selectivity, sensitivity, high speed, and automation are desired. This review summarized 3 kinds of environmental sample preparation, including phase separation strategy, field-assisted acceleration strategy, and integration system strategy for total elemental analysis and speciation analysis. Emphasis will be raised on the presentation of the most exemplified works published in 2017-2022.
Topics: Mineral Oil; Soil; Water
PubMed: 36075134
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463458 -
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Jul 2016Natural oils include mineral oil with emollient, occlusive, and humectant properties and the plant-derived essential, coconut, and other vegetable oils, composed of... (Review)
Review
Natural oils include mineral oil with emollient, occlusive, and humectant properties and the plant-derived essential, coconut, and other vegetable oils, composed of triglycerides that microbiota lipases hydrolyze into glycerin, a potent humectant, and fatty acids (FAs) with varying physico-chemical properties. Unsaturated FAs have high linoleic acid used for synthesis of ceramide-I linoleate, a barrier lipid, but more pro-inflammatory omega-6:-3 ratios above 10:1, and their double bonds form less occlusive palisades. VCO FAs have a low linoleic acid content but shorter and saturated FAs that form a more compact palisade, more anti-inflammatory omega-6:-3 ratio of 2:1, close to 7:1 of olive oil, which disrupts the skin barrier, otherwise useful as a penetration enhancer. Updates on the stratum corneum illustrate how this review on the contrasting actions of NOs provide information on which to avoid and which to select for barrier repair and to lower inflammation in contact dermatitis genesis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cocos; Dermatitis, Contact; Fish Oils; Humans; Hygroscopic Agents; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils
PubMed: 27373890
DOI: 10.1007/s11882-016-0630-9 -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... Aug 2022This study evaluated the effectiveness of Paraffin oil versus Mineral oil for day-5 embryo culture in couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART).
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the effectiveness of Paraffin oil versus Mineral oil for day-5 embryo culture in couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART).
METHODS
We performed a multi-centre, retrospective cohort study at IVFMD (My Duc Hospital) and IVFMD Phu Nhuan (My Duc Phu Nhuan Hospital) from January 2019 to September 2019. We studied couples treated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), using fresh, ejaculated semen and undergoing day-5 embryo transfer. Couples who underwent in vitro maturation (IVM) or oocyte donation cycles or couples where the woman had uterine abnormalities were excluded. From January 2019 to May 2019, we used Mineral oil (LiteOil, LifeGlobal) while Paraffin oil (Liquid Paraffin, Origio) was used from June 2019 to September 2019. The primary outcome was live birth rate after the first transfer, either from a fresh transfer or frozen embryo transfer.
RESULTS
Between 1st January 2019 to 30th September 2019, there were 2,312 couples undergoing ART in both centres, of which 762 (377 in the Paraffin group and 385 in the Mineral group) eligible couples were included in the study. Baseline characteristics of couples were comparable between the two groups, with mean female age 31.5 ± 4.3 versus 31.9 ± 4.7 in the Paraffin and Mineral group. Live birth after the first transfer occurred in 153 (40.6%) couples in the Paraffin group, compared to 152 (39.5%) couples in the Mineral group (risk ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.91 - 1.14). Other secondary outcomes were comparable between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
In day-5 embryo culture, Paraffin and Mineral oil resulted in a comparable live birth rate.
Topics: Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Live Birth; Male; Mineral Oil; Oils; Paraffin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Retrospective Studies; Semen
PubMed: 35749967
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.06.014 -
Journal of Nanoscience and... Dec 2021Nanoemulsions were prepared using polyglycerol esters as emulsifiers. The effects of emulsifiers, oils, and polyols on the phase behavior of nanoemulsions were analyzed...
Nanoemulsions were prepared using polyglycerol esters as emulsifiers. The effects of emulsifiers, oils, and polyols on the phase behavior of nanoemulsions were analyzed by phase diagram method using caprylic acid capric triglyceride (318), mineral oil, and squalane (Squ) as oils respectively. Various factors affecting the area of the oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion were investigated. The results showed that hydrophilic polyglyceryl-4 laurate was beneficial to the formation of translucent nanoemulsions, while lipophilic polyglyceryl-4 oleate could synergize the emulsification performance and was more conducive to the formation of nanoemulsions; the type of oil could affect the emulsifying ability of the emulsifier. It was found that it was beneficial to form translucent nanoemulsion when caprylic acid capric triglyceride was adopted as oil. However, it was almost impossible to form translucent nanoemulsions when mineral oil and squalane were used as oils. The addition of water-soluble jojoba ester was beneficial to the formation of O/W emulsion. In addition, glycerin can improve the polarity of the aqueous medium, enhance the affinity between emulsifiers and aqueous medium, and help to form a translucent nanoemulsion.
Topics: Emulsions; Esters; Glycerol; Oils; Polymers
PubMed: 34229820
DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19540 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Sep 2023Mineral oils are used in substantial quantities for the production of varnishes and inks due to their abundance and versatility. However, as part of the production...
Mineral oils are used in substantial quantities for the production of varnishes and inks due to their abundance and versatility. However, as part of the production process, some of mineral oil components are separated as waste material, whereupon they can mix with air, water, or soil and become potentially harmful to the environment. Almost all these waste materials are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chemicals that can easily evaporate at room temperature and have toxic effect. Therefore, a novel green, mineral oil-free offset printing ink was produced using vegetable oil esters as bio-renewable raw materials. Accompanying varnishes were prepared with linseed oil, methyl oleate, octyl stearate, and four types of resin (A, B, C, and D). The application of these varnishes to magenta color offset ink was subsequently studied to screen out the best combination of resin and ester in terms of setting time. Meanwhile, dyeing force tests were conducted to evaluate the ink's printability, while rheological analysis was done via viscosity and flowability tests. The setting time of the magenta color offset ink made by varnish A was observed to be considerably shorter than that of the ink samples prepared using varnishes B, C, and D. Furthermore, varnish A proved to be a good alternative varnish for the production of yellow, cyan, and black color offset printing inks. Samples of these inks were printed on coated paper, and their printability was contrasted against that of vegetable oil-based (pure vegetable oil), mineral oil-based, and other mineral oil-free offset printing inks. Results determined that the varnishes produced with linseed oil, methyl oleate, and octyl stearate can replace mineral oil-based varnishes for the production of offset printing ink.
Topics: Esters; Ink; Linseed Oil; Mineral Oil; Minerals; Plant Oils; Resins, Plant; Rosaniline Dyes
PubMed: 37594716
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29309-8 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Jul 2023Humans are daily exposed to mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) from the diet. We exposed female Fischer 344 rats to a broad mixture and sub-fractions of MOSH....
Humans are daily exposed to mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) from the diet. We exposed female Fischer 344 rats to a broad mixture and sub-fractions of MOSH. Chemical characterization of the MOSH mixture used and material accumulated in rat tissues were previously reported (Barp et al. 2017a, 2017b). Rats were exposed to feed containing 0-4000 mg/kg broad MOSH mixture for 30, 60, 90 and 120 days; and for 120 days to feed containing different MOSH fractions: i) mainly molecular masses < C25 (S-C25), ii) dewaxed, mainly molecular masses > C25 (L-C25) and iii) the L-C25 fraction mixed with wax largely consisting of n-alkanes > C25 (L-C25W). Treatments related effects were increased liver and spleen weight, as well as vacuolization and granuloma formation with lymphoid cell clusters in the liver, but effects varied strongly between the MOSH fractions tested. We conclude that increased liver and spleen weights were related to accumulated n-alkanes (wax) above C25, presumably not relevant for humans, but also to MOSH from S-C25, mainly consisting of iso-alkanes and substituted cycloalkanes below C25 with a small proportion of n-alkanes. Induction of liver granuloma appeared to be related to n-alkanes > C25 and not to the accumulated amount of MOSH. Immune responses to an injected antigen were not affected. Iso-alkanes and substituted cycloalkanes accumulating in rat liver and spleen were similar to those accumulating in humans.
PubMed: 37262937
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113847 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Aug 2017In addition to aiding the diagnosis of viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases, mineral oil preparation, Tzanck smear, and other techniques can be used to diagnose... (Review)
Review
In addition to aiding the diagnosis of viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases, mineral oil preparation, Tzanck smear, and other techniques can be used to diagnose parasitic infections, neonatal pustular dermatoses, blistering diseases, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and a plethora of other benign and malignant conditions, including granulomatous diseases and tumors. In many cases, these techniques are specific, reliable, and easy to perform and interpret. In others, a certain amount of training and expertise are required. In the proper clinical scenario, these tests are rapid, economical, and compare favorably with other diagnostic methods.
Topics: Dermatology; Female; Humans; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Mite Infestations; Onchocerciasis; Point-of-Care Testing; Skin Diseases, Parasitic; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous; Skin Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling; Vaginal Diseases; Vulvar Diseases
PubMed: 28711083
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.06.035 -
Journal of Economic Entomology May 2018Mineral oil is a product used to reduce Potato Virus Y transmission in potato fields. However, there is little information available about other effects that oil may...
Mineral oil is a product used to reduce Potato Virus Y transmission in potato fields. However, there is little information available about other effects that oil may have on insect pests of potato. To better understand how mineral oil affects potato pests, we performed a series of experiments testing the effects of oil on mortality, behavior, and development of potato aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). All three species showed negative behavioral responses to oil-treated potato foliage. Oil treatment also increased aphid mortality. Colorado potato beetle mortality was not affected, but developing on oil-treated potato plants resulted in prolonged development and smaller adults. Additionally, oil acted synergistically with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae); Colorado potato beetle larvae were killed more rapidly when sprayed with both products compared with when sprayed with B. bassiana alone. Based on these results, mineral oil has the potential for expanded use in potato IPM programs.
Topics: Animals; Aphids; Coleoptera; Insect Control; Insecticides; Larva; Mineral Oil; Nymph; Solanum tuberosum
PubMed: 29528399
DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy046