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Molecular Cancer Research : MCR Feb 2021Oil is frequently used as a solvent to inject lipophilic substances into the peritoneum of laboratory animals. Although mineral oil causes chronic peritoneal...
Oil is frequently used as a solvent to inject lipophilic substances into the peritoneum of laboratory animals. Although mineral oil causes chronic peritoneal inflammation, little is known whether other oils are better suited. We show that olive, peanut, corn, or mineral oil causes xanthogranulomatous inflammation with depletion of resident peritoneal macrophages. However, there were striking differences in the severity of the inflammatory response. Peanut and mineral oil caused severe chronic inflammation with persistent neutrophil and monocyte recruitment, expansion of the vasculature, and fibrosis. Corn and olive oil provoked no or only mild signs of chronic inflammation. Mechanistically, the vegetal oils were taken up by macrophages leading to foam cell formation and induction of cell death. Olive oil triggered caspase-3 cleavage and apoptosis, which facilitate the resolution of inflammation. Peanut oil and, to a lesser degree, corn oil, triggered caspase-1 activation and macrophage pyroptosis, which impair the resolution of inflammation. As such, intraperitoneal oil administration can interfere with the outcome of subsequent experiments. As a proof of principle, intraperitoneal peanut oil injection was compared with its oral delivery in a thioglycolate-induced peritonitis model. The chronic peritoneal inflammation due to peanut oil injection impeded the proper recruitment of macrophages and the resolution of inflammation in this peritonitis model. In summary, the data indicate that it is advisable to deliver lipophilic substances, like tamoxifen, by oral gavage instead of intraperitoneal injection. IMPLICATIONS: This work contributes to the reproducibility of animal research by helping to understand some of the undesired effects observed in animal experiments.
Topics: Animals; Corn Oil; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Mice; Models, Animal
PubMed: 33139505
DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-20-0650 -
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology Oct 2020In dermatology, there are many bedside diagnostic tests that may aid in more rapid diagnosis and early initiation of appropriate therapy. When performed correctly, these... (Review)
Review
In dermatology, there are many bedside diagnostic tests that may aid in more rapid diagnosis and early initiation of appropriate therapy. When performed correctly, these bedside diagnostic tests can provide both sensitive and specific results. We discuss bedside diagnostic tests, such as the Tzanck smear, potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation, and mineral oil preparation, with a specific focus on their use in diagnosing infectious dermatoses.
Topics: Dermatology; Humans; Hydroxides; Indicators and Reagents; Mineral Oil; Point-of-Care Testing; Potassium Compounds; Skin; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 32562204
DOI: 10.1007/s40257-020-00526-y -
JBRA Assisted Reproduction Mar 2023The objective of our study was to compare the osmolality in sequential and single step culture media, used for in vitro human embryo culture, covered with mineral oil... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
The objective of our study was to compare the osmolality in sequential and single step culture media, used for in vitro human embryo culture, covered with mineral oil and paraffin, in dry and humid incubators.
METHODS
We performed a prospective observational study. A total of 120 Petri dishes, with 960 droplets of culture media, were evaluated. Each dish was prepared with 4 droplets of single step medium and sequential medium. Sixty dishes were covered with mineral oil and 60 with paraffin oil. Half were incubated in a dry incubator and half in a humid. Osmolality was measured on days 1, 3, 5, 7. ANOVA test was performed for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Osmolality results for single step and sequential medium, that were covered with both mineral and paraffin oil and placed in the dry incubator, significantly increased throughout the study time (D7>D5>D3). In the humid incubator, the results were similar for all periods. Osmolality was significantly lower in humid incubator, in all periods, when droplets were covered with both oils. When both culture media were placed in the humid incubator, no variation was detected, using both oils. However, when single step medium was placed in the dry incubator, covered with mineral oil, we observed a higher osmolality than the covered with paraffin oil.
CONCLUSIONS
TWe can conclude that humid incubator is better for maintaining osmolality and paraffin oil protect single step media from evaporation in dry incubator.
Topics: Humans; Mineral Oil; Embryo Culture Techniques; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Oils; Osmolar Concentration; Culture Media; Fertilization in Vitro
PubMed: 35389044
DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20210123 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Jan 2022The analysis of mineral oil hydrocarbons in vegetable oils is challenging especially regarding the analysis of mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) since native...
The analysis of mineral oil hydrocarbons in vegetable oils is challenging especially regarding the analysis of mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) since native terpenes like squalene or β-carotene are usually extracted along with the MOAH fraction and interfere their detection. When applying a recently developed screening method for the analysis of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and MOAH in paper and cardboard by planar solid phase extraction (pSPE) to vegetable oils, native terpenes expectably interfered with MOAH analysis. Thus, an adaption of pSPE employing silver ions, named silver ion-planar solid phase extraction (Ag-pSPE), was developed in this study. Impregnation of thin-layers with silver nitrate (AgNO) was found to be very successful in retaining squalene and β-carotene. MOAH analysis of vegetable oils after saponification showed good repeatability (relative standard deviation (%RSD) <10%) and recoveries of 73.4-112.4% at a spiking level of 4.5 mg/kg (n = 4). For MOSH analysis, a simple solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up with aluminum oxide removed native n-alkanes prior to Ag-pSPE. Recoveries for MOSH were 55.3-84.5% with %RSD <11% at a spiking level of 45.5 mg/kg (n = 4). Limits of decision and quantitation were at 7.2 and 22.2 ng/zone for MOSH and 1.1 and 3.4 ng/zone for MOAH, respectively, which corresponded to the recently introduced pSPE method, thus showing that analytes were not affected by the impregnation of HPTLC plates with AgNO. The method comparison with LC-GC showed similar results for MOSH, while the amounts for MOAH determined by Ag-pSPE were higher.
Topics: Food Contamination; Hydrocarbons; Ions; Mineral Oil; Plant Oils; Solid Phase Extraction
PubMed: 34910963
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462732 -
Pest Management Science Feb 2022Mineral oil added to fungicide spray mixtures has been a frequently used strategy to control citrus black spot (CBS) worldwide. Although mineral oil may increase the...
BACKGROUND
Mineral oil added to fungicide spray mixtures has been a frequently used strategy to control citrus black spot (CBS) worldwide. Although mineral oil may increase the efficacy of control, its use represents around 15% of the costs of a CBS spray program. This study aimed to assess the performance of different proportions of mineral oil added to a fungicide tank mixture for CBS control in young (less than 10 years old) and old (more than 12 years old) sweet orange orchards of early ('Hamlin'), mid-season ('Pera') and late-maturing ('Valencia') cultivars in São Paulo state, Brazil. The efficacy of 0.15%, 0.20% or 0.25% mineral oil added to a fungicide spray mixture was determined by assessing CBS incidence, severity and fruit drop in six orchards over two seasons.
RESULTS
Fungicide programs with or without oil were effective in reducing 100% CBS symptom expression in both young and old 'Hamlin' orchards and in the young 'Pera' orchard. The lowest mineral oil rate tested (0.15%) showed a reduction in CBS intensity of around 90%, similar to the highest rate tested in the old 'Pera' orchard. The highest cost-benefit program to control CBS in the old 'Valencia' orchard was obtained with the mineral oil rate of 0.25%, commonly used in the São Paulo citrus belt, which reduced CBS severity by up to 97%.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that mineral oil rates for CBS control can be adjusted according to tree age and cultivar. These findings contribute to the establishment of more sustainable citrus production by reducing spray costs while maintaining the efficacy of CBS control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Ascomycota; Brazil; Citrus; Citrus sinensis; Fungicides, Industrial; Mineral Oil; Plant Diseases; Trees
PubMed: 34545998
DOI: 10.1002/ps.6652 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2023Since the ban on single-use plastic articles in Europe, the food contact material (FCM) industry has been forced to move to more sustainable alternatives. Paper and...
Since the ban on single-use plastic articles in Europe, the food contact material (FCM) industry has been forced to move to more sustainable alternatives. Paper and board FCM are convenient alternatives but must be safe for consumers. This study aims to investigate potential migrations of various substances (e.g., plasticizers, photoinitiators, primary aromatic amines, mineral oil, and bisphenols) from straws and takeaway articles made of paper and board. Twenty straws and fifty-eight takeaway articles were carefully selected and investigated using liquid and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry or flame ionization detector. Fourteen substances of all the targeted categories were found in takeaway articles, including seven plasticizers, two photoinitiators, one primary aromatic amine, two bisphenols, and the saturated and aromatic fraction of mineral oil (MOSH and MOAH, respectively). In straws, fewer substances were detected, i.e., six substances, including three plasticizers, one photoinitiator, MOSH, and MOAH. At least one of the target substances was detected in 88% of the samples, demonstrating the importance of further evaluation of these materials. Finally, the associated risks were assessed, highlighting the potential risks for several types of articles regarding bisphenol A, one primary aromatic amine (3.3-DMB), and MOSH and MOAH.
PubMed: 38099191
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1322811 -
Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A,... Jun 2021A comprehensive review of the literature was performed on migration of substances from packaging materials into dry foods, specifically those with surfaces containing no... (Review)
Review
A comprehensive review of the literature was performed on migration of substances from packaging materials into dry foods, specifically those with surfaces containing no free fats or oils. Historically, migration from food packaging to dry foods has been assumed to be minimal. However, several recent publications have reported concentrations of migrants into dry foods that are substantially higher than anticipated. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of recent studies that examined migration to dry foods or dry food simulants, observe and assess common migrants, and report the highest migration values. Focusing on the packaging materials and migrants that exhibit the highest migration values, this review divided the studies into two categories: 1) analysis of food products in commercial packaging taken directly from grocery store shelves, and 2) analysis of food products and food simulants in contact with packaging or other material fortified with known quantities of a migrant. Discussions include the examination of migration testing methods, viability of different food simulants, and variables that affect migration behaviour. These include the physicochemical properties of both the migrant and food (i.e. volatility, molecular size, structure, food composition and particle size) and factors pertaining to the packaging material and the environment (i.e. temperature, humidity, and the presence of a secondary barrier). Information gaps and remaining questions are also identified and discussed.
Topics: Food Analysis; Food Contamination; Food Packaging; Food Safety; Humans; Hydrocarbons; Metals; Mineral Oil; Paper; Particle Size; Photochemical Processes; Phthalic Acids; Plastics; Volatilization
PubMed: 33905306
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1905188 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2019Good paraffin sections are key to correct histopathological diagnosis. Xylene is hazardous to health, expensive, and difficult to dispose. Various substitutes have been...
Good paraffin sections are key to correct histopathological diagnosis. Xylene is hazardous to health, expensive, and difficult to dispose. Various substitutes have been tried without success. We aimed to examine if 1.7% dishwasher soap (DWS) aqueous solution and refined mineral oil (RMO) for deparaffinization can replace xylene. Fifty tissue blocks consisting of benign and malignant lesions were processed using xylene (A), 1.7% DWS (B), and RMO (C). Each section was evaluated, scored as 0 (inadequate) and 1 (adequate) by two independent pathologists who were blinded to agent used. Following criteria were considered: nuclear staining, cytoplasmic staining, clarity, crispness, and uniformity. Total score of <2 was graded as inadequate for diagnosis and 3-5 as adequate. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software by applying chi-square test. Among three methods, B had the best scores in adequacy for cytoplasmic staining (P = 0.001), clarity (P = 0.004), and crispness (P = 0.003). About 1.7% DWS and RMO were found to be effective methods for deparaffinization and can replace xylene.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Gallbladder; Humans; Mineral Oil; Paraffin Embedding; Pathology; Skin; Soaps; Staining and Labeling; Stomach; Xylenes
PubMed: 30971554
DOI: 10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_39_18 -
Heliyon Jun 2023This paper presents a new method for analysing creeping discharges based on information theory as it applies to medical imaging. The analysis of information surface data...
This paper presents a new method for analysing creeping discharges based on information theory as it applies to medical imaging. The analysis of information surface data is used to determine the impact of relaxation time on the characteristic parameters of creeping discharges. The same information is used to make a comparative study of the morphology of discharges propagating in palm kernel oil methyl ester (PKOME) and in mineral oil (MO). Other comparative methods based on fractal analysis and normality hypothesis tests associated with Anderson Darling (AD), Kolmogorov-Smirnoff (KS) and Shapiro-Wilk (SW) statistics are used. The results show that very short relaxation times increase the error on the measurement of the fractal dimension and the maximum extension of the discharges. A growth of the mutual information between 0 and 60% is observed for relaxation times varying between 60s and 420s respectively. For the same time interval, the -value increases from 0.027 to 0.821 according to the AD statistic, from 0.01 to more than 0.150 according to KS and from 0.083 to more than 0.1 according to SW. This result indicates that the data are from a normal distribution. After 420s of relaxation, the error on the maximum extension measurement is reduced by 94% in PKOME and 92% in MO. Similarly, the error on the mean fractal dimension in MO is reduced by 86.7% for a relaxation time between 301s and 420s, and by 84.6% in PKOME for a time between 180s and 420s. These different results imply that the impact of the discharge can be predicted when it is in its initial phase during which the number of discharge occurrences is reduced. On the other hand, the physicochemical characteristics of the insulating liquid used dictate the relaxation time to be allowed for the laboratory measurements.
PubMed: 37332950
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16796 -
The Journal of Dermatology Nov 2018Asphalt, also known as bitumen, is a viscous liquid or a semi-solid form of petroleum. In cases of hot liquid asphalt splash, asphalt broadly adheres to the skin surface... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Asphalt, also known as bitumen, is a viscous liquid or a semi-solid form of petroleum. In cases of hot liquid asphalt splash, asphalt broadly adheres to the skin surface and is hard to remove from skin. Because accidental burns from hot liquid asphalt splash rarely occur, there is no consensus about initial approaches to remove adherent asphalt from skin. We reviewed articles relating to asphalt burns and summarized methods to remove adherent asphalt from skin, including our present case in which we successfully removed adherent asphalt by edible butter and vegetable oil. We summarized information of 127 cases and classified agents used to remove asphalt in four categories: (i) medicines; (ii) health-care products; (iii) foods; and (iv) solvents. Before the 1990s, antimicrobial topical medicines were mainly reported to treat asphalt burns but it took half a day or more to remove asphalt. Mineral oils and edible oils such as butter and vegetable oil are easily available in grocery stores and could emulsify to remove asphalt in a few hours. From the review of articles and our experience, edible oils are useful agents for the first approach to remove asphalt from the point of view of efficacy, safety, availability and expense.
Topics: Accidents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Burns; Hot Temperature; Humans; Hydrocarbons; Mineral Oil; Plant Oils; Skin; Solvents; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30079570
DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14590