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Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach,... May 2023The global outbreaks of infectious diseases have significantly driven an imperative demand for rapid and accurate molecular diagnostics. Nucleic acid amplification tests... (Review)
Review
The global outbreaks of infectious diseases have significantly driven an imperative demand for rapid and accurate molecular diagnostics. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) feature high sensitivity and high specificity; however, the labor-intensive sample preparation and nucleic acid amplification steps remain challenging in order to carry out rapid and precision molecular diagnostics at home. This review discusses the advances and challenges of automatic solutions of sample preparation integrated with on-chip nucleic acid amplification for effective and accurate molecular diagnostics at home. The sample preparation methods of whole blood, urine, saliva/nasal swab, and stool on chip are examined. Then, the repurposable integrated sample preparation on a chip using various biological samples is investigated. Finally, the on-chip NAATs that can be integrated with automated sample preparation are evaluated. The user-friendly approaches with combined sample preparation and NAATs can be the game changers for next-generation rapid and precision home diagnostics.
Topics: Pathology, Molecular; Body Fluids; Saliva; Nucleic Acids; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
PubMed: 36416278
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206525 -
Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle... Nov 2021New diagnostic tools in the field of oncology that became available with introduction of the next generation sequencing call for adjustments in the current clinical... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
New diagnostic tools in the field of oncology that became available with introduction of the next generation sequencing call for adjustments in the current clinical workflow. To ensure correct interpretation, newly collected data need to be processed and categorized properly. Thus, current experts in oncology need to be trained and new experts from other fields need to be recruited.
OBJECTIVES
The molecular tumor board was introduced to bring experts from various specialties together. The goal is to discuss and assess complex oncological cases in the context of new molecular diagnostics and give recommendations regarding individualized therapy.
RESULTS
After the introduction of the molecular tumor board 2 years ago, the number of cases processed within the molecular tumor board has increased steadily. Of these patients, 70% exhibit molecular alterations that are relevant to therapy. Preliminary results indicate positive responses to the applied therapies and clear improvements in the progression-free and overall survival of patients who would have been considered "untreatable" in the classical clinical setting.
CONCLUSION
The introduction of new molecular diagnostics makes the establishment of advanced clinical structures mandatory. In this regard, the molecular tumor board continues to gain in importance. Preliminary results point towards a significant impact on the therapy of advanced malignancies. The advancements in sequencing and newly established insights into the interpretation of sequencing results will lead to new therapeutic routes. Inevitably, this will make the molecular tumor board indispensable in the future.
Topics: High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Pathology, Molecular; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 34406439
DOI: 10.1007/s00104-021-01487-6 -
Advances in Cancer Research 2023Head and neck cancers are a heterogeneous group of highly aggressive tumors and collectively represent the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Most head and neck cancers... (Review)
Review
Head and neck cancers are a heterogeneous group of highly aggressive tumors and collectively represent the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Most head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Current multimodal treatment concepts combine surgery, chemotherapy, irradiation, immunotherapy, and targeted therapeutics. Recent scientific advancements have enabled a more precise molecular characterization of HNSCC and revealed novel therapeutic targets and prognostic/predictive biomarkers. Notably, HNSCC is characterized by complex relations between stromal, epithelial, and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME consists of different subsets of immune cells that infiltrate the tumors and interact with the tumor cells or with each other. Understanding multiple pivotal factors in HNSCC tumorigenesis and tumor progression may help define novel targets and develop more effective therapies for patients. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the molecular biology of HNSCC and their effects on clinical oncology; it is meant for a broad readership in the head and neck cancers field.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Medicine; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37704289
DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.03.004 -
Haematologica Sep 2022
Topics: Humans; Molecular Medicine
PubMed: 36047317
DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281711 -
Journal of the Chinese Medical... Mar 2023
Topics: Prognosis; Pathology, Molecular; Risk Factors; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 36728438
DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000872 -
Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Dec 2023The situation regarding digital pathology in Austria is manageable compared to other countries. Active Austrian examples are the consortium EMPAIA, the private-public... (Review)
Review
The situation regarding digital pathology in Austria is manageable compared to other countries. Active Austrian examples are the consortium EMPAIA, the private-public partnership Bigpicture, the Austrian Society for Clinical Pathology and Molecular Pathology (OEGPath), the company TissueGnostics, and the Austrian Platform for Personalized Medicine (OEPPM).
Topics: Austria; Telepathology; Pathology, Clinical; Pathology, Molecular; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 37987811
DOI: 10.1007/s00292-023-01278-2 -
Clinical and Translational Medicine Mar 2021
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Molecular Medicine; Spatio-Temporal Analysis
PubMed: 33784006
DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.347 -
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine Jun 2018Molecular biological techniques have evolved expeditiously and in turn have been applied to the detection of infectious disease. Maturation of these technologies and... (Review)
Review
Molecular biological techniques have evolved expeditiously and in turn have been applied to the detection of infectious disease. Maturation of these technologies and their coupling with related technological advancement in fluorescence, electronics, digitization, nanodynamics, and sensors among others have afforded clinical medicine additional tools toward expedient identification of infectious organisms at concentrations and sensitivities previously unattainable. These advancements have been adapted in select settings toward addressing clinical demands for more timely and effective patient management.
Topics: High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Microbiological Techniques; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Pathology, Molecular; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 29776630
DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2018.02.004 -
Cytopathology : Official Journal of the... Sep 2021
Topics: Humans; Pathology, Molecular; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 34390522
DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13000 -
Sovremennye Tekhnologii V Meditsine 2022The development of high-throughput technologies has sharply increased the opportunities to research the human body at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels in... (Review)
Review
The development of high-throughput technologies has sharply increased the opportunities to research the human body at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels in the last decade. Rapid progress in biotechnology has caused a paradigm shift in population-based studies. Advances in modern biomedical sciences, including genomic, genome-wide, post-genomic research and bioinformatics, have contributed to the emergence of molecular epidemiology focused on the study of the personalized molecular mechanism of disease development and its extrapolation to the population level. The work of research teams at the intersection of information technology and medicine has become the basis for highlighting digital epidemiology, the important tools of which are machine learning, the ability to work with real world data, and accumulated big data. The developed approaches accelerate the process of collecting and processing biomedical data, testing new scientific hypotheses. However, new methods are still in their infancy, they require testing of application under various conditions, as well as standardization. This review highlights the role of omics and digital technologies in population-based studies.
Topics: Humans; Computational Biology; Genomics; Molecular Epidemiology; Machine Learning; Research
PubMed: 37179982
DOI: 10.17691/stm2022.14.4.07