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Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.) 2016Recent advances in the molecular characterization of cancers have triggered interest in developing a new taxonomy of disease in oncology with the goal of using the... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in the molecular characterization of cancers have triggered interest in developing a new taxonomy of disease in oncology with the goal of using the molecular profile of a patient's tumor to predict response to treatment. Image-guided needle biopsy is central to this "precision medicine" effort. In this review, we first discuss the current role of biopsy in relation to clinical examples of molecular medicine. We then outline important bottlenecks to the advancement of precision medicine and highlight the potential role of image-guided biopsy to address these challenges.
Topics: Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Molecular Medicine; Neoplasms
PubMed: 27870685
DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000228 -
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2017The personalized medicine is an emergent and rapidly developing method of clinical practice that uses new technologies to provide decisions in regard to the prediction,... (Review)
Review
The personalized medicine is an emergent and rapidly developing method of clinical practice that uses new technologies to provide decisions in regard to the prediction, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease. A continuous evolution of technology and the developments in molecular diagnostics and genomic analysis increased the possibility of an even more understanding and interpretation of the human genome and exome, allowing a "personalized" approach to clinical care, so that the concepts of "Systems Medicine" and "System Biology" are actually increasing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the personalized medicine about its indications and benefits, actual clinical applications and future perspectives as well as its issues and health care implications. A careful review of the scientific literature on this field that highlighted the applicability and usefulness of this new medical approach as well as the fact that personalized medicine strategy is even more increasing in numerous fields of applications.
Topics: Genetic Testing; Humans; Pathology, Molecular; Pharmacogenetics; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 28240172
DOI: 10.2174/1389201018666170224105600 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Mar 2018- Comprehensive molecular investigations of mainstream carcinogenic processes have led to the use of effective molecular targeted agents in most cases of solid tumors in... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
- Comprehensive molecular investigations of mainstream carcinogenic processes have led to the use of effective molecular targeted agents in most cases of solid tumors in clinical settings.
OBJECTIVE
- To update readers regarding the evolving role of the pathologist in the therapeutic decision-making process and the introduction of next-generation technologies into pathology practice.
DATA SOURCES
- Current literature on the topic, primarily sourced from the PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, Maryland) database, were reviewed.
CONCLUSIONS
- Adequate evaluation of cytologic-based and tissue-based predictive diagnostic biomarkers largely depends on both proper pathologic characterization and customized processing of biospecimens. Moreover, increased requests for molecular testing have paralleled the recent, sharp decrease in tumor material to be analyzed-material that currently comprises cytology specimens or, at minimum, small biopsies in most cases of metastatic/advanced disease. Traditional diagnostic pathology has been completely revolutionized by the introduction of next-generation technologies, which provide multigene, targeted mutational profiling, even in the most complex of clinical cases. Combining traditional and molecular knowledge, pathologists integrate the morphological, clinical, and molecular dimensions of a disease, leading to a proper diagnosis and, therefore, the most-appropriate tailored therapy.
Topics: DNA Mutational Analysis; Humans; Pathology, Molecular
PubMed: 29494219
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0269-RA -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023The significant progress we have recently observed in the field of gastroenterology, both in the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and in the diagnosis and...
The significant progress we have recently observed in the field of gastroenterology, both in the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, is closely related to the improvement and discovery of new biomolecular techniques [...].
Topics: Gastroenterology; Molecular Medicine
PubMed: 37834355
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914907 -
Trends in Biotechnology Jan 2018Nanomaterials have been developed for many biomedical applications, including medical imaging, drug delivery, and antimicrobial coatings. Intriguingly, nanoparticles can... (Review)
Review
Nanomaterials have been developed for many biomedical applications, including medical imaging, drug delivery, and antimicrobial coatings. Intriguingly, nanoparticles can display 'enzyme-like' activity and have been explored as alternatives to natural enzymes in several industrial and energy-related applications. Recently, these catalytic nanomaterials with enzyme-mimetic properties have found new biomedical applications, from biofilm disruption to protection against neurodegeneration and tumor prevention. In this review we focus on recent in vivo studies demonstrating potential therapeutic uses of catalytic nanomaterials. We also provide insights about the relationships between catalytic activity, therapeutic efficacy, and biocompatibility that are critical for clinical translatability. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future directions for the use of these nanomaterials as novel platforms for the development of sustainable, affordable, and safe therapeutics.
Topics: Biocatalysis; Humans; Molecular Medicine; Nanostructures
PubMed: 29102240
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.09.006 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Jan 2015Predicting the future is a difficult task. Not surprisingly, there are many examples and assumptions that have proved to be wrong. This review surveys the many... (Review)
Review
Predicting the future is a difficult task. Not surprisingly, there are many examples and assumptions that have proved to be wrong. This review surveys the many predictions, beginning in 1887, about the future of laboratory medicine and its sub-specialties such as clinical chemistry and molecular pathology. It provides a commentary on the accuracy of the predictions and offers opinions on emerging technologies, economic factors and social developments that may play a role in shaping the future of laboratory medicine.
Topics: Automation, Laboratory; Chemistry, Clinical; Evidence-Based Medicine; Forecasting; Humans; Laboratories; Medical Informatics; Pathology, Molecular; Point-of-Care Systems; Proteomics; Telemedicine; Workforce
PubMed: 25219903
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.09.005 -
Human Genetics May 2015
Topics: Computational Biology; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Humans; Molecular Medicine; Pharmacogenetics
PubMed: 25805167
DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1545-6 -
Biological Chemistry Jun 2015Acid ceramidase (N-acylsphingosine deacylase, EC 3.5.1.23; AC) is the lipid hydrolase responsible for the degradation of ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acids... (Review)
Review
Acid ceramidase (N-acylsphingosine deacylase, EC 3.5.1.23; AC) is the lipid hydrolase responsible for the degradation of ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acids within lysosomes. The enzymatic activity was first identified over four decades ago and is deficient in two rare inherited disorders, Farber lipogranulomatosis (Farber disease) and spinal muscular atrophy with myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME). Importantly, AC not only hydrolyzes ceramide into sphingosine within acidic compartments, but also can synthesize ceramide from sphingosine at neutral pH, suggesting that the enzyme may have diverse functions depending on its subcellular location and the local pH. Within cells, AC exists in a complex with other lipid hydrolases and requires a polypeptide cofactor (saposin D) for full hydrolytic activity. Recent studies also have shown that AC is overexpressed in several human cancers, and that inhibition of this enzyme may be a useful cancer drug target. Aberrant AC activity has also been described in several other common diseases. The cDNA and gene (ASAH1) encoding AC have been isolated, several mouse models of AC deficiency have been constructed, and the recombinant enzyme is currently being manufactured for the treatment of Farber disease and SMA-PME. Current information concerning the biology of this enzyme and its role in human disease is reviewed within.
Topics: Acid Ceramidase; Animals; Ceramides; Enzyme Replacement Therapy; Humans; Lysosomes; Molecular Medicine
PubMed: 25938220
DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0290 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Molecular Medicine
PubMed: 37754302
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2308776 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer, originating from keratinocytes of the spinous layer. Numerous risk factors have been... (Review)
Review
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer, originating from keratinocytes of the spinous layer. Numerous risk factors have been discovered for the initiation and growth of this type of cancer, such as exposure to UV and ionizing radiation, chemical carcinogens, the presence of immunosuppression states, chronic inflammation, infections with high-risk viral strains, and, last but not least, the presence of diseases associated with genetic alterations. The important socio-economic impact, as well as the difficulty associated with therapy for advanced forms, has made the molecular mechanisms underlying this neoplasia more and more intensively studied, with the intention of achieving a better understanding and advancing the treatment of this pathology. This review aims to provide a brief foray into the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic aspects of this cancer, as well as the treatment methods, ranging from the first used to the latest targeted therapies.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Skin Neoplasms; Pathology, Molecular; Keratinocytes; Immunosuppression Therapy
PubMed: 37047618
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076646