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Trends in Plant Science Nov 2022Plants in most natural habitats are exposed to a continuously changing environment, including fluctuating temperatures. Temperature variations can trigger acclimation or... (Review)
Review
Plants in most natural habitats are exposed to a continuously changing environment, including fluctuating temperatures. Temperature variations can trigger acclimation or tolerance responses, depending on the severity of the signal. To guarantee food security under a changing climate, we need to fully understand how temperature response and tolerance are triggered and regulated. Here, we put forward the concept that responsiveness to temperature should be viewed in the context of dose-dependency. We discuss physiological, developmental, and molecular examples, predominantly from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, illustrating monophasic signaling responses across the physiological temperature gradient.
Topics: Acclimatization; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Cold Temperature; Hot Temperature; Temperature
PubMed: 35810070
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.06.001 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2022Cells have evolved mechanisms that allow them to respond to DNA damage to preserve genomic integrity and maintain tissue homeostasis. These responses include the... (Review)
Review
Cells have evolved mechanisms that allow them to respond to DNA damage to preserve genomic integrity and maintain tissue homeostasis. These responses include the activation of the cell cycle checkpoints and the repair mechanisms or the induction of apoptosis that eventually will eliminate damaged cells. These "life" vs. "death" decisions differ depending on the cell type, stages of development, and the proliferation status of the cell. The apoptotic response after DNA damage is of special interest as defects in its induction could contribute to tumorigenesis or the resistance of cancer cells to therapeutic agents such as radiotherapy. Multiples studies have elucidated the molecular mechanisms that mediate the activation of the DNA damage response pathway (DDR) and specifically the role of p53. However, much less is known about how the different cellular responses such as cell proliferation control and apoptosis are coordinated to maintain tissue homeostasis. Another interesting question is how the differential apoptotic response to DNA damage is regulated in distinct cell types. The use of as a model organism has been fundamental to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms triggered by genotoxic stress. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the cellular responses to ionizing radiation as the cause of DNA damage with special attention to apoptosis in : how these responses are regulated and coordinated in different cellular contexts and in different tissues. The existence of intrinsic mechanisms that might attenuate the apoptotic pathway in response to this sort of DNA damage may well be informative for the differences in the clinical responsiveness of tumor cells after radiation therapy.
PubMed: 36147740
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.993257 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jun 2020The addition of stimuli-responsiveness to anti-Stokes emission provides a unique platform for biosensing and chemosensing. Particularly, stimuli-responsive photon... (Review)
Review
The addition of stimuli-responsiveness to anti-Stokes emission provides a unique platform for biosensing and chemosensing. Particularly, stimuli-responsive photon upconversion based on triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA-UC) is promising due to its occurrence at low excitation intensity with high efficiency. This Minireview summarizes the recent developments of TTA-UC switching by external stimuli such as temperature, oxygen, chemicals, light, electric field, and mechanical force. For the systematic understanding of the underlying general mechanisms, the switching mechanisms are categorized into four types: 1) aggregation-induced UC; 2) assembly-induced air-stable UC; 3) diffusion-controlled UC; and 4) energy-transfer-controlled UC. The development of stimuli-responsive smart TTA-UC systems would enable sensing with unprecedented sensitivity and selectivity, and expand the scope of TTA-UC photochemistry by combination with supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry, mechanochemistry, and biochemistry.
PubMed: 32092207
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001325 -
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach,... Aug 2023Stimuli-responsive materials, especially multi-stimuli-responsive materials, can sense external stimuli such as light, heat, and force, have shown great potential in...
Stimuli-responsive materials, especially multi-stimuli-responsive materials, can sense external stimuli such as light, heat, and force, have shown great potential in drug delivery, data storage, encryption, energy-harvesting, and artificial intelligence. Conventional multi-stimuli-responsive materials are sensitive to each independent stimulus, causing losses in the diversity and accuracy of the identification for practical application. Herein, a unique phenomenon of sequential-stimuli induced stepwise-response generated from elaborately designed single-component organic materials is reported, which shows large bathochromic shifts up to 5800 cm under sequential stimuli of force and light. In contrast to multi-stimuli-responsive materials, the response of these materials strictly relies on the sequence of stimuli, allowing logicality, rigidity, and accuracy to be integrated into one single-component material. The molecular keypad lock is built based on these materials, pointing promising to a future for this logical response in significant practical applications. This breakthrough gives a new drive to classical stimuli-responsiveness and provides a fundamental design strategy for new generations of high-performance stimuli-responsive materials.
PubMed: 37203431
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302732 -
ACS Applied Bio Materials May 2020DNA supramolecular hydrogels are hydrogels cross-linked through DNA hybridization. They have attracted wide attention due to their great molecular permeability,...
DNA supramolecular hydrogels are hydrogels cross-linked through DNA hybridization. They have attracted wide attention due to their great molecular permeability, biocompatibility, degradability, thixotropy, and self-healing properties, which make them very useful in cell culture, tissue engineering, and 3D printing. The designability and responsiveness of DNA endows these hydrogels with specific stimuli responsiveness, thus enhancing their utility for more applications, e.g., detection devices and shape-memory materials. In this review, we outlined and discussed the development of responsive DNA supramolecular hydrogels, and their applications have also been summarized.
PubMed: 35025330
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00081 -
Cell Reports. Medicine Aug 2023Immune checkpoint immunotherapy (ICI) can re-activate immune reactions against neoantigens, leading to remarkable remission in cancer patients. Nevertheless, only a...
Immune checkpoint immunotherapy (ICI) can re-activate immune reactions against neoantigens, leading to remarkable remission in cancer patients. Nevertheless, only a minority of patients are responsive to ICI, and approaches for prediction of responsiveness are needed to improve the success of cancer treatments. While the tumor mutational burden (TMB) correlates positively with responsiveness and survival of patients undergoing ICI, the influence of the subcellular localizations of the neoantigens remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate in both a mouse melanoma model and human clinical datasets of 1,722 ICI-treated patients that a high proportion of membrane-localized neoantigens, particularly at the plasma membrane, correlate with responsiveness to ICI therapy and improved overall survival across multiple cancer types. We further show that combining membrane localization and TMB analyses can enhance the predictability of cancer patient response to ICI. Our results may have important implications for establishing future clinical guidelines to direct the choice of treatment toward ICI.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Biomarkers, Tumor; Immunotherapy; Melanoma
PubMed: 37552990
DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101145 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2021Macronutrient elements including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) are required in relatively large and steady... (Review)
Review
Macronutrient elements including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) are required in relatively large and steady amounts for plant growth and development. Deficient or excessive supply of macronutrients from external environments may trigger a series of plant responses at phenotypic and molecular levels during the entire life cycle. Among the intertwined molecular networks underlying plant responses to macronutrient stress, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), may serve as pivotal regulators for the coordination between nutrient supply and plant demand, while the responsive ncRNA-target module and the interactive mechanism vary among elements and species. Towards a comprehensive identification and functional characterization of nutrient-responsive ncRNAs and their downstream molecules, high-throughput sequencing has produced massive omics data for comparative expression profiling as a first step. In this review, we highlight the recent findings of ncRNA-mediated regulation in response to macronutrient stress, with special emphasis on the large-scale sequencing efforts for screening out candidate nutrient-responsive ncRNAs in plants, and discuss potential improvements in theoretical study to provide better guidance for crop breeding practices.
Topics: Calcium; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Magnesium; MicroRNAs; Phosphorus; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plants; Potassium; RNA, Plant; RNA, Untranslated; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 34681864
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011205 -
Current Neurology and Neuroscience... Jul 2014Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) has a classic presentation of childhood or adolescent-onset dystonia, mild parkinsonism, marked diurnal fluctuations, improvement with... (Review)
Review
Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) has a classic presentation of childhood or adolescent-onset dystonia, mild parkinsonism, marked diurnal fluctuations, improvement with sleep or rest, and a dramatic and sustained response to low doses of L-dopa without motor fluctuations or dyskinesias. However, there have been many papers on patients with a wide range of features, which report them as DRD mainly because they had dystonic syndromes with L-dopa responsiveness. Many mutations in the dopaminergic system have been found as molecular genetic defects. Therefore, the clinical and genetic spectra of DRD are unclear, which lead to difficulties in diagnostic work-ups and planning treatments. We propose the concept of DRD and DRD-plus to clarify the confusion in this area and to help understand the pathophysiology and clinical features, which will help in guiding diagnostic investigations and planning treatments. We critically reviewed the literature on atypical cases and discussed the limitations of the gene study.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Diagnosis, Differential; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dystonic Disorders; GTP Cyclohydrolase; Humans; Mutation; Parkinsonian Disorders; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins
PubMed: 24844652
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-014-0461-9 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023Cold stress is a major factor influencing the geographical distribution of soybean growth and causes immense losses in productivity. Understanding the molecular... (Review)
Review
Cold stress is a major factor influencing the geographical distribution of soybean growth and causes immense losses in productivity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that the soybean has undergone to survive cold temperatures will have immense value in improving soybean cold tolerance. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms involved in soybean response to cold. We summarized the recent studies on soybean cold-tolerant quantitative trait loci (QTLs), transcription factors, associated cold-regulated () genes, and the regulatory pathways in response to cold stress. Cold-tolerant QTLs were found to be overlapped with the genomic region of maturity loci of , , , pubescence color locus of , stem growth habit gene locus of , and leaf shape locus of , indicating that pleiotropic loci may control multiple traits, including cold tolerance. The C-repeat responsive element binding factors (CBFs) are evolutionarily conserved across species. The expression of most was upregulated by cold stress and overexpression of in soybean protoplast, and transgenic Arabidopsis plants can increase the expression of genes with the DRE core motif in their promoter regions under cold stress. Other soybean cold-responsive regulators, such as , , , , and so on, enhance cold tolerance by regulating the expression of genes in transgenic Arabidopsis. CBF-dependent and CBF-independent pathways are cross-talking and work together to activate cold stress gene expression. Even though it requires further dissection for precise understanding, the function of soybean cold-responsive transcription factors and associated genes studied in Arabidopsis shed light on the molecular mechanism of cold responses in soybeans and other crops. Furthermore, the findings may also provide practical applications for breeding cold-tolerant soybean varieties in high-latitude and high-altitude regions.
PubMed: 36771543
DOI: 10.3390/plants12030459 -
The European Journal of Neuroscience Mar 2017Motherhood brings about a multitude of behavioral and physiological changes in dams and some of these persist until after weaning. We studied behavioral changes...
Motherhood brings about a multitude of behavioral and physiological changes in dams and some of these persist until after weaning. We studied behavioral changes associated with reproductive experience at lactating day (LD)8, at weaning (LD21), and 28 days post-weaning (PW28) compared to nulliparous (NP) females. Furthermore, in another cohort of animals, we quantified mRNA expression of five target genes known to be associated with maternal experience: arginin-vasopressin(Avp) and its 1A receptor(Avpr1a), oxytocin(Oxt) and its receptor(Oxtr), and corticotropin-releasing hormone(Crh) in three key maternal region: the medial preoptic area (MPOA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus(PVN). Although dams were slightly less anxious than NP at LD8, this effect did not persist at LD21 and PW28. No differences in social preference were found between the four groups. In the maternal responsiveness test (MRT), LD8 and LD21 dams were immediately responsive to pups whereas NP largely avoided the pups throughout 12-day period. PW28 females were significantly more responsive to pups than NP females, but less than LD8 and LD21 females. The mRNA expression of Avp in the PVN, Avpr1a in the BNST and Oxtr in the MPOA and BNST was increased, whereas mRNA expression of Avpr1a was reduced in the PVN, at LD8 compared to NP. Although Oxtr in the BNST and Avp in the PVN were still somewhat (non-significantly) increased at LD21, all levels of gene expression had normalized at PW28. Our results emphasize the transient nature of these behavioral and molecular adaptations, except for a persistent up-regulation of maternal responsiveness.
Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Female; Lactation; Maternal Behavior; Oxytocin; Parity; Pregnancy; Preoptic Area; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Oxytocin; Receptors, Vasopressin; Septal Nuclei; Weaning
PubMed: 27717050
DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13411